人骨形态发生蛋白12对人骨肉瘤细胞的生物学作用

为研究人骨形态发生蛋白(human bone morphogenetic proteins,hBMP)12对人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63和U2OS的作用,分别用hBMP12重组腺病毒(AdBMP12)以及含重组hBMP12(recombinant hBMP12,rhBMP12)的条件培养液干预人骨肉瘤细胞MG63和U2OS,利用台盼蓝拒染法、TUNEL法、吖啶橙/溴乙啶(AO/EB)荧光双染法、Transwell小室和碱性磷酸酶活性测定法分别检测细胞增殖、凋亡、迁移以及成骨分化能力的变化.与相应对照组相比,AdBMP12和含rhBMP12的条件培养液的干预致两种骨肉瘤细胞株细胞存活率降低,并呈一定的时间依赖性;凋亡率均随时间延长而增加,并且两种检测方法的结果一致;不同时间点的细胞穿膜数均明显减低;碱性磷酸酶活性在干预3d后开始逐渐增加,至第9d仍可观测到.以上差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).提示无论是以腺病毒介导基因转入还是重组蛋白直接作用方式,hBMP12都可以抑制人骨肉瘤细胞株MG63和U2OS的增殖和迁移,并诱导其凋亡和向成骨细胞分化.     

miRNA-132抑制人骨肉瘤细胞的增殖和侵袭能力

目的 观察miRNA-132在不同骨肉瘤细胞系中的表达及对骨肉瘤细胞生物学行为的影响,探讨miRNA-132在人骨肉瘤发生发展中的作用.方法 通过荧光定量PCR技术检测不同骨肉瘤细胞系U2OS、MG63、143B中miRNA-132的表达情况,使用pRFP-miRNA-132-down质粒转染U2OS细胞、pRFP-m...     

NALP1 基因与骨肉瘤细胞的相关研究

目的:探讨NALP1基因在骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63、U-2OS中的表达,以及高表达NALP1基因对于骨肉瘤细胞体外凋亡的影响。方法:使用RT-PCR、Western-blot法检测骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63、U-2OS中的mRNA及蛋白表达水平并与人成骨细胞株hFOB1.19比较。将NALP1基因转染质粒PcDNA3.1,将重组质粒转染骨肉瘤细胞,分成高表达基因组、空质粒组及对照组,加入抗肿瘤药物顺铂及甲氨蝶呤促使肿瘤细胞凋亡,使用流式细胞仪测定各组肿瘤细胞凋亡率。结果:通过统计分析,骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63、U-2OS中的mRNA及蛋白表达水平均低于人成骨细胞株hFOB1.19(P<0.05),NALP1高表达组的肿瘤细胞凋亡率明显高于空白质粒组及对照组。结论:上调骨肉瘤细胞株MG-63、U-2OS中的NALP1的表达量可以促进肿瘤细胞凋亡。     

褪黑素通过调节survivin和Caspase-3表达诱导人骨肉瘤细胞凋亡

目的研究褪黑素对人骨肉瘤细胞survivin、Caspase-3表达的调控,进一步探讨褪黑素的抗肿瘤机制。方法体外培养人骨肉瘤细胞MG63、U2,Hoechst33258染色观察两种骨肉瘤细胞凋亡的改变,实时荧光定量PCR及免疫印迹法检测两种骨肉瘤细胞survivin、Caspase-3表达。结果 Hoechst33258染色显示褪黑素作用后促进骨肉瘤细胞MG63、U2凋亡,实时荧光定量PCR及免疫印迹分析结果表明,经褪黑素作用后的骨肉瘤MG63、U2细胞中survivin在mRNA水平表达的无明显差别,但其蛋白质水平较用药前明显降低;Caspase-3在mRNA及蛋白质水平上均较用药前明显增高。结论褪黑素诱导人骨肉瘤细胞MG63、U2发生凋亡,可能是通过抑制survivin基因在蛋白水平的表达,同时上调Caspase-3基因的表达,进而促进细胞凋亡,发挥其抗肿瘤作用。     

转录因子Twist的siRNA筛选、腺病毒构建及功能检测

目的 筛选特异性沉默人的Twist基因的siRNA序列,构建siTwist腺病毒并在MG63及143B骨肉瘤细胞中进行功能鉴定.方法 体外退火获得4组siTwist双链DNA序列,克隆至含有Twist基因的pSOS-Twist质粒中获得pSOS-siTwist质粒,脂质体转染HEK293细胞,GFP检测筛选有功能的siTwist片段,将筛选出的siTwist序列构建腺病毒,感染143B骨肉瘤细胞.通过RT-PCR、Western 印迹检测Twist的表达.siTwist与Twist腺病毒共感染MG63骨肉瘤细胞,细胞计数及细胞侵袭实验检测siTwist对Twist的抑制作用.结果 在HEK293细胞中,4组siTwist中有2组GFP的表达明显降低,且siTwist腺病毒能抑制143B骨肉瘤细胞中内源性的Twist表达,Twist腺病毒能促进MG63骨肉瘤细胞的增殖和转移,而两组siTwist与Twist共感染组MG63细胞的增殖及迁徙率均明显低于Twist组（P〈0.05）.结论 筛选出两对特异性沉默Twist基因的siRNA片段,并成功构建腺病毒,转染细胞后能有效抑制内源性和外源性的Twist表达,为研究Twist在骨肉瘤细胞增殖和转移中的作用及具体机制提供了有效的分子工具.     

人1型酪蛋白激酶的真核表达及其在肿瘤细胞中的定位

目的:构建带FLAG标签的人1型酪蛋白激酶(CK1)基因的真核表达载体,获得其表达产物,并研究该激酶在骨肉瘤U2OS、乳腺癌ZR-75-1、肝癌HepG2等多种肿瘤细胞中的表达及定位情况。方法:应用PCR技术从人乳腺文库中扩增人CK1基因的全长编码区,将其克隆到带FLAG标签的pCMV-Tag2B载体中;将重组质粒转染骨肉瘤U2OS细胞、乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞,以SDS-PAGE和Western印迹鉴定表达情况;细胞免疫荧光观察FLAG-CK1质粒在骨肉瘤U2OS细胞、乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞中的细胞定位。结果:双酶切和测序结果显示FLAG-CK1真核表达质粒构建成功;SDS-PAGE和Western印迹结果表明,FLAG-CK1转染骨肉瘤U2OS细胞、乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞后成功表达;细胞免疫荧光实验显示,CK1在骨肉瘤U2OS细胞、乳腺癌ZR-75-1细胞、肝癌HepG2细胞的胞核和胞质中均有分布,且胞核信号强于胞质。结论:构建了CK1的真核表达载体,且FLAG-CK1能在不同肿瘤细胞系的细胞核和细胞质中表达,为进一步研究CK1对细胞的调控奠定了实验基础。     

microRNA-708-5p对骨肉瘤细胞凋亡与迁移的作用及机制

该文主要研究microRNA-708-5p(miR-708-5p)在骨肉瘤细胞中的表达及对细胞凋亡、迁移的影响及机制。该研究利用miRNA基因芯片筛选差异表达miRNA; qRT-PCR(quantitative Realtime PCR)检测miR-708-5p在骨肉瘤细胞株MG63和正常细胞hMSC、HS-5中的表达;通过阳离子脂质体介导法过表达miR-708-5p;分别用Hoechst 33258染色、流式细胞术、划痕实验、Transwell法检测凋亡和迁移;通过qRT-PCR检测miR-708-5p、ZEB1(Zinc?nger E-box binding homeobox 1)的RNA水平; Western blot检测E-cadherin、N-cadherin、ZEB1蛋白表达;利用TargetScan和双荧光素酶报告实验预测并验证miR-708-5p与ZEB1的靶向关系。结果显示, miR-708-5p在MG63中表达下调,恢复miR-708-5p表达水平可诱导MG63细胞凋亡并抑制迁移。Western blot结果显示,过表达miR-708-5p可上调E-cadherin,下调N-cadherin和ZEB1。双荧光素酶报告实验显示, miR-708-5p可直接靶向ZEB1。敲低ZEB1可抑制MG63迁移。该项研究结果表明, miR-708-5p可诱导骨肉瘤细胞凋亡,且通过靶向ZEB1来抑制迁移。     

MicroRNA-21靶向调控β-catenin促进骨肉瘤细胞U2OS的增殖与侵袭

目的:研究微小RNA-21(microRNA-21,miR-21)对骨肉瘤细胞U2OS增殖与侵袭的影响及其可能机制。方法:采用Real-time PCR (RT-PCR)检测miR-21在骨肉瘤和临近正常骨组织中的表达差异。通过脂质体转染法将miR-21模拟物(microRNA-21mimics,即mimics组)及microRNA无关序列(microRNA-NC,即NC组)转染入骨肉瘤细胞U2OS,real-time PCR(RT-PCR)检测miR-21和β-catenin m RNA在U2OS细胞中的表达,Western blot检测β-catenin蛋白在U2OS细胞中的表达,并通过双荧光素酶报告基因验证miR-21与β-catenin基因3'-非编码区(3'-untranslated region,3'-UTR)的特异性结合作用。MTT法检测U2OS细胞体外增殖能力;Transwell侵袭模型探查U2OS细胞侵袭潜能。结果:骨肉瘤组织中miR-21水平显著高于正常骨组织(P0.05)。过表达miR-21能够增强细胞增殖与侵袭,上调U2OS细胞β-catenin m RNA和蛋白的表达。双荧光素酶报告基因结果表明miR-21可与β-catenin基因3'-UTR结合,从而对β-catenin的表达起调控作用。结论:miR-21可能通过调节β-catenin的表达促进骨肉瘤细胞U2OS的增殖与侵袭。     

华蟾素联合顺铂对人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的:研究华蟾素联合顺铂对人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探寻联合治疗增敏的可能分子机制。方法:采用不同浓度的华蟾素、顺铂单药和华蟾素联合顺铂处理人骨肉瘤U2OS细胞1-3天,通过CCK-8法检测其对U2OS细胞生长的抑制作用;平板克隆实验检测其对U2OS细胞集落形成能力的影响;流式细胞仪检测其对U2OS细胞凋亡的影响;RT-PCR及Western blotting检测Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3、caspase-9等凋亡相关分子mRNA及蛋白水平的表达。结果:单用华蟾素或顺铂均可以浓度和时间依赖的方式抑制骨肉瘤U2OS细胞的增殖并诱导其凋亡,两药联合应用具有协同效应,并可以上调促凋亡基因Bax下调抑制凋亡基因Bcl-2的表达;联合用药组凋亡相关蛋白caspase-3、caspase-9的表达较单药组明显增加。结论:华蟾素联合顺铂与单一用药相比能够显著抑制人骨肉瘤细胞U2OS细胞的增殖,促进其凋亡,两药联合应用对骨肉瘤细胞的杀伤效应具有一定的协同效应,其机制可能与激活凋亡通路有关。     

circ_0001461靶向抑制miR-30a-5p对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

摘要 目的：探讨circ_0001461对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及调控机制。方法：采用实时荧光定量聚合酶反应（qRT-PCR）检测检测circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中的表达水平。在U2OS和HOS细胞中转染sh-NC和sh-circ_0001461后,采用CCK8检测细胞增殖情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况,qRT-PCR检测增殖相关分子Ki-67 mRNA的表达水平,Western Blot检测凋亡相关分子Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白的表达水平。采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p的结合情况。结果：circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P<0.05）,circ_0001461在骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS中的表达水平均明显高于成骨细胞NHOst（P<0.05）。低表达circ_0001461能够抑制骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS的增殖和增殖相关分子Ki-67的表达（P<0.05）;促进骨肉瘤细胞U2OS和HOS的凋亡和凋亡相关分子Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白的表达（P<0.05）。双荧光素酶结果显示circ_0001461能够靶向结合miR-30a-5p。低表达circ_0001461能够促进miR-30a-5p的表达（P<0.05）,circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p在骨肉瘤组织中的表达呈负相关（P<0.05）。在U2OS细胞中共转染sh-circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p mimics后能够进一步加强单独转染sh-circ_0001461对U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响（P<0.05）;在HOS细胞中共转染sh-circ_0001461和miR-30a-5p inhibitors后能够逆转单独转染sh-circ_0001461对U2OS细胞增殖和凋亡的影响（P>0.05）。结论：circ_0001461在骨肉瘤组织和细胞中明显高表达,低表达circ_0001461能够靶向促进miR-30a-5p的表达进而抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖和促进细胞凋亡。     

miR-421 promotes apoptosis and suppresses metastasis of osteosarcoma cells via targeting LTBP2

Increasing evidence has confirmed that microRNAs (miRs) are involved in tumor development and progression. A previous study reported that miR-421 could serve as a diagnostic marker in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). The present study explored the potential roles of miR-421 in the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of OS cells. Our results showed that miR-421 was upregulated in OS tissues and cell lines (MG63, U2OS, HOS, and Saos-2) compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues or human osteoblast cells hFOB1.19, while the latent transforming growth factor β-binding protein 2 (LTBP2) expression was reduced. In MG63 and U2OS cells, CCK8 assay displayed that cell proliferation was repressed by the miR-421 inhibitor, conversely increased by miR-421 mimics. Inhibition of miR-421 promoted cell apoptosis rate, caspase 3 activity, cleaved-caspase 3 (c-caspase 3) expression, and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, restoration of miR-421 showed the opposite functions. Suppression of miR-421 blocked migration and invasion, whereas miR-421 overexpression promoted the migration and invasion of MG63 and U2OS cells. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis revealed that miR-421 negatively regulated E-cadherin expression, and positively regulated the expression of N-cadherin and vimentin. The luciferase reporter assay determined that miR-421 could target LTBP2-3′-UTR, and LTBP2 expression was regulated negatively by miR-421 both in mRNA and protein levels. Depletion of LTBP2 partly abolished the biological functions of miR-421 inhibitor in OS. In conclusion, miR-421 plays an oncogenic role in OS via targeting LTBP2, suggesting that miR-421 may be a potential therapeutic target against OS.     

Overexpression of BMP-2 modulates morphology, growth, and gene expression in osteoblastic cells

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) play a pivotal role in growth and differentiation of osteoblastic lineage cells. BMPs are potent stimulators of bone formation in various animal models. To understand the mechanism of BMP action in bone cells, we have investigated the effects of overexpression of the BMP-2 gene on proliferation and differentiation of UMR-106 rat osteosarcoma cells. A stable UMR-106 cell line overexpressing the BMP-2 gene was established by transfection of cells using a mammalian expression vector harboring human BMP-2 cDNA followed by G418 selection. After introduction of the BMP-2 gene, UMR-106 cells appeared more spindle-shaped in morphology compared to the predominantly cuboidal appearance of the parental cells. Overexpression of BMP-2 markedly inhibited proliferation as measured by cell counting and [3H]thymidine incorporation assays. Extracellular matrix (ECM) derived from cells overexpressing BMP-2 exhibited a less supportive effect on proliferation of UMR cells than did ECM derived from parental cells. Furthermore, cell-cell communication through gap junctions was reduced more than 50% as determined by nondisruptive fluorescent dye transfer assays. Overexpression of BMP-2 significantly stimulated expression of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase genes, indicating its role in osteoblastic differentiation. There was little effect on osteopontin gene expression.     

The cancer‐related transcription factor Runx2 modulates cell proliferation in human osteosarcoma cell lines

Runx2 regulates osteogenic differentiation and bone formation, but also suppresses pre‐osteoblast proliferation by affecting cell cycle progression in the G₁ phase. The growth suppressive potential of Runx2 is normally inactivated in part by protein destabilization, which permits cell cycle progression beyond the G₁/S phase transition, and Runx2 is again up‐regulated after mitosis. Runx2 expression also correlates with metastasis and poor chemotherapy response in osteosarcoma. Here we show that six human osteosarcoma cell lines (SaOS, MG63, U2OS, HOS, G292, and 143B) have different growth rates, which is consistent with differences in the lengths of the cell cycle. Runx2 protein levels are cell cycle‐regulated with respect to the G₁/S phase transition in U2OS, HOS, G292, and 143B cells. In contrast, Runx2 protein levels are constitutively expressed during the cell cycle in SaOS and MG63 cells. Forced expression of Runx2 suppresses growth in all cell lines indicating that accumulation of Runx2 in excess of its pre‐established levels in a given cell type triggers one or more anti‐proliferative pathways in osteosarcoma cells. Thus, regulatory mechanisms controlling Runx2 expression in osteosarcoma cells must balance Runx2 protein levels to promote its putative oncogenic functions, while avoiding suppression of bone tumor growth. J. Cell. Physiol. 228: 714–723, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Bone morphogenetic protein 9 overexpression reduces osteosarcoma cell migration and invasion

Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is known to promote tumor migration and invasion. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the TGF-β family expressed in a variety of human carcinoma cell lines. The role of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), the most powerful osteogenic factor, in osteosarcoma (OS) progression has not been fully clarified. The expression of BMP9 and its receptors in OS cell lines was analyzed by RT-PCR. We found that BMP9 and its receptors were expressed in OS cell lines. We further investigated the influence of BMP9 on the biological behaviors of OS cells. BMP9 overexpression in the OS cell lines 143B and MG63 inhibited in vitro cell migration and invasion. We further investigated the expression of a panel of cancer-related genes and found that BMP9 overexpression increased the phosphorylation of Smad1/5/8 proteins, increased the expression of ID1, and reduced the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in OS cells. BMP9 silencing induced the opposite effects. We also found that BMP9 may not affect the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12)/C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) axis to regulate the invasiveness and metastatic capacity of OS cells. Interestingly, CXCR4 was expressed in both 143B and MG63 cells, while CXCL12 was only detected in MG63 cells. Taken together, we hypothesize that BMP9 inhibits the migration and invasiveness of OS cells through a Smad-dependent pathway by downregulating the expression and activity of MMP9.     

Cellular and molecular properties associated with osteosarcoma cells.

Osteosarcoma cells are recognized by abnormal function that causes a primary bone tumor. Osteosarcoma cells U(2)OS and SAOS-2 were analyzed for the expression of cell surface markers. High expression was quantified for hyaloronidase receptor (CD-44) > moderate for integrins (CD-51 and -61), > and lower for selectins (CD-62). High mitotic capacity were demonstrated by gene expression (measured by RT-PCR) and the protein level (measured by FACS) for cFOS, cMYC, and cJUN. The basic definition of osteosarcoma is excessive production of pathological osteoid. Expression of mRNA for matrix genes osteocalcin, osteonectin, and biglycan was studied. Osteocalcin and osteonectin were detected in RNA from primary cultured marrow stromal, trabecular bone cells, and osteosarcoma cell lines (U(2)OS, SAOS-2). mRNA for biglycan was detected only in primary cells and MG-63 cell line and was undetectable in RNA from U(2)OS, SAOS-2 osteosarcoma cell lines and by RNA extracted from bone biopsies of osteosarcoma patients. The absence of biglycan message observed in osteosarcoma samples provides evidence for the alterations in the extra cellular matrix which result with non-mineralized osteoid produced by the osteosarcoma cells.     

AGE-R3/galectin-3 expression in osteoblast-like cells: Regulation by AGEs

The accumulation of irreversible advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) on long-lived proteins, and the interaction of AGEs with cellular receptors such as AGE-R3/galectin-3 and RAGE, are considered to be key events in the development of long-term complications of diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease, uremia and ageing. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression and sub-cellular distribution of galectin-3, as well as its possible modulation by AGEs, in MC3T3E1 mouse calvaria-derived osteoblasts and in UMR 106 rat osteosarcoma cells. Both osteoblastic lines were cultured either with control bovine serum albumin (BSA) or with AGEs-BSA for 48 h. Cells were evaluated for galectin-3 expression by fixing and immunofluorescent microscopic analysis; or Western blot analysis of whole cell extracts, sub-cellular fractions and culture media. Both cell lines express 30 kDa (monomeric) galectin-3, although expression was about 15-fold lower in the UMR106 osteosarcoma cells. Dimeric (70 kDa) galectin-3 was additionally observed in the UMR106 cells. Immunofluorescent analysis of galectin-3 distribution showed a diffuse cytoplasmic and strong nuclear pattern in MC3T3E1 osteoblasts, and a patchy cytoplasmic pattern in UMR106 cells. Western blot analysis for both cell lines showed that galectin-3 was mainly found in the cytoplasm and in minor amounts in the microsomal fraction, while considerable amounts were secreted into the culture media. Exposure to 100-200 microg/mL AGEs-BSA increased the cellular content of 30 kDa galectin-3 (20-25% for MC3T3E1 and 35-70% for UMR106 versus control BSA, p < 0.05), and decreased the culture media levels of galectin-3 (10-20% for MC3T3E1 and for UMR106 versus control BSA, p < 0.05). These results confirm the expression of galectin-3 in osteoblastic cells, and suggest different levels and sub-cellular distribution of this protein in transformed versus non-transformed osteoblasts. Osteoblastic exposure to AGEs alters their expression and secretion of galectin-3, which could have significant consequences on osteoblast metabolism and thus on bone turnover.     

Identification and expansion of human osteosarcoma‐cancer‐stem cells by long‐term 3‐aminobenzamide treatment

A novel cancer stem‐like cell line (3AB‐OS), expressing a number of pluripotent stem cell markers, was irreversibly selected from human osteosarcoma MG‐63 cells by long‐term treatment (100 days) with 3‐aminobenzamide (3AB). 3AB‐OS cells are a heterogeneous and stable cell population composed by three types of fibroblastoid cells, spindle‐shaped, polygonal‐shaped, and rounded‐shaped. With respect to MG‐63 cells, 3AB‐OS cells are extremely smaller, possess a much greater capacity to form spheres, a stronger self‐renewal ability and much higher levels of cell cycle markers which account for G1‐S/G2‐M phases progression. Differently from MG‐63 cells, 3AB‐OS cells can be reseeded unlimitedly without losing their proliferative potential. They show an ATP‐binding cassette transporter ABCG2‐dependent phenotype with high drug efflux capacity, and a strong positivity for CD133, marker for pluripotent stem cells, which are almost unmeasurable in MG‐63 cells. 3AB‐OS cells are much less committed to osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation than MG‐63 cells and highly express genes required for maintaining stem cell state (Oct3/4, hTERT, nucleostemin, Nanog) and for inhibiting apoptosis (HIF‐1α, FLIP‐L, Bcl‐2, XIAP, IAPs, and survivin). 3AB‐OS may be a novel tumor cell line useful for investigating the mechanisms by which stem cells enrichment may be induced in a tumor cell line. The identification of a subpopulation of cancer stem cells that drives tumorigenesis and chemoresistance in osteosarcoma may lead to prognosis and optimal therapy determination. Expression patterns of stem cell markers, especially CD133 and ABCG2, may indicate the undifferentiated state of osteosarcoma tumors, and may correlate with unfavorable prognosis in the clinical setting. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 301–313, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.