臭氧-生物活性炭-纳滤膜深度处理饮用水试验研究

采用臭氧-生物活性炭-纳滤工艺去除城市管网供水中的污染物,使其达到饮用净水水质标准.研究表明:在臭氧投加量为3～4 mg/L,接触时间8～10 min,生物活性炭罐滤速3～4 m/s的运行条件下,臭氧-生物活性炭预处理能够大量去除原水中的污染物,保证纳滤工艺的正常运行;纳滤膜在操作压力0.7～0.8 MPa,膜通量为27.3 L/(m2·h)的条件下,既能去除无机污染物,又能够保证一些对人体有益的离子不被完全截留;且能够有效去除原水中的TOC、AOC、CODMMn、色度、浊度及细菌等,确保饮用水的安全性和生物稳定性.     

臭氧——生物活性炭工艺处理高藻引黄水库水

以合溴离子的高藻引黄水库水为处理对象,采用预臭氧-常规处理-臭氧-生物活性炭组合工艺进行连续运行的中试研究.结果表明:组合工艺出水pH为7.8～8.1,出水色度、浊度、CODMn、UV254、TOC、藻类总数和叶绿素a的去除率分别为100%、97%、53.8%、83.7%、68.6%、99.6%和100%;出水检出BrO3-,但含量处于安全范围内.     

臭氧生物活性炭深度处理饮用水中抗生素的研究

介绍了饮用水中抗生素污染的来源及潜在危害,阐述了臭氧氧化及生物活性炭技术处理微量抗生素污染的机理,概括了最近几年国内外关于饮用水中抗生素物质控制技术的研究成果,指出臭氧生物活性碳技术在抗生素微污染水处理领域的广泛应用前景。     

臭氧生物活性炭处理微污染水源水的工艺及其发展

介绍了臭氧生物活性炭处理微污染水源水的基本原理、工艺流程,以及国内外该技术的研究和发展状况,提出了应用该法时需注意的一些问题。研究表明,臭氧生物活性炭净水技术能够有效地去除水中的有机物、氨氮,对水中的无机还原性物质等也有很好的去除效果,并且能有效地降低出水致突变活性,保证饮用水安全,是一种值得推广的净水技术。     

充山水厂臭氧生物活性炭深度处理示范工程

由于太湖水质呈现高藻、高有机物、高氨氮的三高 特征,而常规处理工艺对原水中藻类、氨氮、有机物等的去除效果较差,因此充山水厂采用了生物预处理-气浮-臭氧-生物活性炭-砂滤-消毒组合工艺.一年多来的运行结果表明,出厂水水质达到<生活饮用水卫生标准>(GB 5749-2006)的要求,运行成本较原常规工艺增加0.17元/m3.     

臭氧—生物活性炭处理效果的影响因素与工艺分析

桐乡市果园桥水厂深度处理工艺投入运行已逾五年。通过对二期臭氧—生物活性炭工艺长达五年的跟踪分析,阐述了臭氧接触、生物活性炭以及臭氧—生物活性炭工艺对耗氧量的去除效果,分析了水温、处理负荷、原水耗氧量、臭氧投加量等因素对耗氧量去除率的影响,并且从活性炭物理指标的下降程度说明了生物活性炭工艺的中后期以生物作用为主。总体而言,多因素综合影响着臭氧—生物活性炭工艺的处理效果。     

给水厂臭氧—生物活性炭深度处理生产性试验研究

针对引黄水库水有机微污染和高藻的水质特点,以济南某引黄水厂为基础,采用臭氧—生物活性炭(O3—BAC)深度处理技术进行生产性试验研究,确定O3—BAC深度处理工艺的最佳运行参数,包括臭氧两点投加分配比、臭氧投加量、臭氧接触时间、活性炭层厚度、活性炭空床停留时间等。为该水厂运行及其他类似水厂设计提供参考依据。     

臭氧生物活性炭系统调试水质变化研究

结合上海市金海水厂80万m³/d臭氧—生物活性炭系统的调试案例,研究不同洗炭模式、累计过滤时间、活性炭浸泡时间对不合格水水质的影响。结果显示,水质不同的不合格水应选择不同的排放途径。延长单次连续过滤和前期活性炭泡炭时间,有利于尽快降低出水pH和浑浊度。单侧滤池后期大水量同时过滤对出水pH下降作用更为明显,单侧过滤水质达标后单组滤池过滤出水水质稳定。并网后深度处理系统运行稳定,出水水质符合《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)。     

臭氧-生物活性炭工艺间歇性运行的生物量保持方法

研究臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在间歇性运行时炭层中生物量的保持方法以及不同保存方式对该工艺重新运行净化效能的影响。结果表明,臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在停止运行后对生物活性炭柱采用浸泡保存时,活性炭层中的水质发生了很大的变化,活性炭层中的生物量发生了下降。同时周期性的换水能够延缓活性炭柱在浸泡保存时生物量的下降速度。在臭氧-生物活性炭工艺重新运行期间,周期换水减少生物量的下降虽然对浊度和UV254的去除效果影响不大,但是能够使得臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在短时间内对CODMn和NH3-N的去除率接近活性炭工艺在保存之前对其的去除率。     

臭氧生物活性炭技术的工艺设计与运行管理

针对臭氧生物活性炭工艺应用中的关键问题,首先对工艺设计中的活性炭滤料选择、活性炭滤层结构设计、活性炭滤池选择、臭氧系统选择、臭氧接触池优化设计和复合预氧化设计等内容进行了分析和总结.然后对运行中存在的微生物安全性、大型微生物控制、活性炭滤池初滤水管理及pH控制、预臭氧和主臭氧工艺的运行管理等问题进行了总结,并提出了相应的解决方案.最后,建议今后应重点注意微生物安全性、臭氧副产物控制和工艺运行控制标准等问题.     

去除反渗透浓水中有机物的研究进展

随着污水管理及排放要求的日益严格,反渗透浓水(ROC)的处置及处理是反渗透工艺面临和亟待解决的关键问题。对其处理工艺,包括混凝/絮凝、高级氧化、磁性离子交换树脂、电容去离子技术和活性炭吸附等,进行综述及分析,比较了各工艺的处理效果及优缺点,探讨了工艺的发展方向。     

DT-RO处理垃圾渗滤液工程介绍

重庆长生桥垃圾卫生填埋渗滤液处理工程,是我国第一座采用碟管式反渗透(DT-RO)技术处理的工程。在半年多的运行中,该系统效能高且稳定。CODCr、TOC和电导率去除率均在99%以上,NH3-N去除率达98%,Ca2+、Ba2+、Mg2+截留率均在99.9%以上,出水中未检出SS。浓缩液回灌于垃圾填埋场,形成回灌型生物反应器。     

Survey on production quality of electrodialysis reversal and reverse osmosis on municipal wastewater desalination

Water shortage has become an emerging environmental issue. Reclamation of the effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is feasible for meeting the growth of water requirement from industries. In this study, the results of a pilot-plant setting in Futian wastewater treatment plant (Taichung, Taiwan) were presented. Two processes, sand filter - ultrafiltration - reverse osmosis (SF-UF-RO) and sand filter - electrodialysis reversal (SF-EDR), were operated in parallel to evaluate their stability and filtrate quality. It has been noticed that EDR could accept inflow with worse quality and thus required less pretreatment compared with RO. During the operation, EDR required more frequent chemical cleaning (every 3 weeks) than RO did (every 3 months). For the filtrate quality, the desalination efficiency of SF-EDR ranged from 75 to 80% in continuous operation mode, while the conductivity ranged from 100 to 120 μS/cm, with turbidity at 0.8 NTU and total organic carbon at 1.3 mg/L. SF-EDR was less efficient in desalinating the multivalent ions than SF-UF-RO was. However for the monovalent ions, the performances of the two processes were similar to each other. Noticeably, total trihalomethanes in SF-EDR filtrate was lower than that of SF-UF-RO, probably because the polarization effects formed on the concentrated side of the EDR membrane were not significant. At the end of this study, cost analysis was also conducted to compare the capital requirement of building a full-scale wastewater reclamation plant using the two processes. The results showed that using SF-EDR may cost less than using SF-UF-RO, if the users were to accept the filtrate quality of SF-EDR.     

短程反渗透海水淡化工艺在海岛中的应用

根据海岛海水淡化的应用环境,分析了海岛对集约型海水淡化工艺的需求,提出了短程反渗透海水淡化工艺,从工艺原理、技术特点及在海岛中的应用优势进行了阐述,并通过300m3/d的工程案例从反渗透产水水质、压差能量回收装置性能和系统能耗等方面考察了短程反渗透海水淡化工艺的运行效果,处理效果验证了该工艺的可行性和技术优势。     

微滤-反渗透工艺在高品质再生水回用工程中的应用

北京经济技术开发区再生水工程一期规模为2万m3/d,采用微滤-反渗透双膜法工艺。介绍了工程的设计运行情况,包括前期的需水量与水质要求调查、再生水生产工艺的比选与确定、工程设计参数以及工艺的技术经济分析。分析结果表明,开发区再生水回用重点应考虑工业企业生产用水,双膜法工艺应用于高品质再生水的回用工程,技术可靠,经济可行。     

Investigation of microbial communities on reverse osmosis membranes used for process water production.

In the present study, the diversity and the phylogenetic affiliation of bacteria in a biofouling layer on reverse osmosis (RO) membranes were determined. Fresh surface water was used as a feed in a membrane-based water purification process. Total DNA was extracted from attached cells from feed spacer, RO membrane and product spacer. Universal primers were used to amplify the bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The biofilm community was analysed by 16S rRNA-gene-targeted denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and the phylogenetic affiliation was determined by sequence analyses of individual 16S rDNA clones. Using this approach, we found that five distinct bacterial genotypes (Sphingomonas, Beta proteobacterium, Flavobacterium, Nitrosomonas and Sphingobacterium) were dominant genera on surfaces of fouled RO membranes. Moreover, the finding that all five "key players" could be recovered from the cartridge filters of this RO system, which cartridge filters are positioned before the RO membrane, together with literature information where these bacteria are normally encountered, suggests that these microorganisms originate from the feed water rather than from the RO system itself, and represent the fresh water bacteria present in the feed water, despite the fact that the feed water passes an ultrafiltration (UF) membrane (pore size approximately 40 nm), which is able to remove microorganisms to a large extent.     

Use of fouling resistant nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes for dyeing wastewater effluent treatment.

Dyeing wastewater was post-treated by using nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. To reduce membrane fouling, poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with a neutral charge was coated on NF and RO membranes. The effect of surface charge and surface roughness on membrane fouling was investigated. Dyeing wastewater was pre-treated by using coagulation, activated sludge process, and MF process to investigate the effect of the pre-treatment on the membrane fouling. It is demonstrated that the extent of fouling is significantly influenced by the surface roughness and the surface charge on the NF and RO membranes. A membrane with a smooth and neutral surface was fouled less. The pre-treatment was essential for avoiding NF and RO membranes fouling. The quality of the final permeate was acceptable for water reuse.     

水解酸化-A/O-超滤-反渗透深度处理印染废水回用工程

苏南某印染废水回用工程采用水解酸化—A/O—超滤—反渗透处理工艺,运行结果表明:进水CODCr430～590mg/L,色度320～1 024倍,出水CODCr和色度分别为18～43mg/L和8～16倍,去除率分别为94.2%和98.7%;系统出水电导率55.3～83μS/cm,总硬度≤10mg/L,出水铁、锰均未检出。出水可达《纺织染整工业废水治理工程技术规范》(HJ 471—2009)回用标准。     

低碳城市污水反硝化除磷若干影响因素的试验研究

广州地区城市污水碳量严重偏低、碳氮磷比例失调,其同步脱氮除磷一直是个难题,为此以SBR法进行反硝化除磷影响因素的试验研究.试验表明:缺氧段硝酸盐负荷决定反硝化吸磷效果,在硝酸盐足量情况下,缺氧除磷率达到99.4%.通过对ORP与pH的在线监测发现,ORP无法作为缺氧吸磷过程的控制参数,pH可以指示缺氧吸磷情况.以亚硝酸盐氮作为电子受体研究发现,15 mg/L以下的亚硝酸盐氮可以作为电子受体进行吸磷作用,当亚硝酸盐氮浓度达到23.8 mg/L时,反硝化吸磷受到了明显的抑制;厌氧初始pH在6～8变化时,厌氧释磷量随着pH的升高而增加,pH变化只影响厌氧释磷量,不影响释磷速率.缺氧初始pH降到6时,反硝化吸磷效果变差,缺氧段pH偏碱性条件下,反硝化除磷仍能够稳定进行.     

AF——人工湿地一生态塘工艺处理养殖废水

采用厌氧生物滤池(AF)—人工湿地—生态塘工艺处理养殖废水。结果表明:AF设置在人工湿地的前端能极大地降低SS的含量,有效预防人工湿地的堵塞。人工湿地采用跌水曝气方式,节约了能源及建设维护费用;采用波式潜流的流态,为氮的去除创造了较好的条件。生态塘设置在波式潜流人工湿地后端,它能强化对氮、磷的处理;工艺对CODCr的去除率约为80.30%,SS去除率约为94.69%,NH3—N去除率约为73.39%,TP的去除率约为86.78%。