Economic cost of illness due to Escherichia coli O157 infections in the United States

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (0157 STEC) infections cause 73,000 illnesses annually in the United States, resulting in more than 2,000 hospitalizations and 60 deaths. In this study, the economic cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections transmitted by food or other means was estimated based on the CDC estimate of annual cases and newly available data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of the CDC Emerging Infections Program. The annual cost of illness due to O157 STEC was $405 million (in 2003 dollars), including $370 million for premature deaths, $30 million for medical care, and $5 million in lost productivity. The average cost per case varied greatly by severity of illness, ranging from $26 for an individual who did not obtain medical care to $6.2 million for a patient who died from hemolytic uremic syndrome. The high cost of illness due to O157 STEC infections suggests that additional efforts to control this pathogen might be warranted.     

2007年温州地区食源性致病菌污染调查分析

目的了解2007年温州地区食品中沙门菌、单核细胞增生李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、副溶血性弧菌、香港海鸥菌的污染状况,提高温州地区食源性疾病检测、预警和控制能力,有效地预防、预测食源性疾病的暴发。方法依据国家食源性疾病监测网2007年度工作手册进行。结果检测生鸡肉、生猪肉、生牛肉、生羊肉、散装熟肉制品、海水鱼、淡水鱼、冷菜等八大类,共检出各类病原菌74株。其中以金黄色葡萄球菌的总检出率为最高,检出20株,检出率达15.04%;其次为副溶血性弧菌,检出39株,检出率为9.75%;单核细胞增生李斯特菌和沙门菌分别检出9株和6株,检出率分别为3.77%和2.51%,未检出大肠杆菌O157∶H7、空肠弯曲菌、香港海鸥菌。结论温州地区各类食品存在一定的食源性致病菌污染,其中冷菜、海水鱼、散装熟肉制品是主要污染品种。     

Parametric distributions of underdiagnosis parameters used to estimate annual burden of illness for five foodborne pathogens

Estimates of the burden of bacterial foodborne illness are used in applications ranging from determining economic losses due to a particular pathogenic organism to improving our understanding of the effects of antimicrobial resistance or changes in pathogen serotype. Estimates of the total number of illnesses can be derived by multiplying the number of observed illnesses, as reported by a specific active surveillance system, by an underdiagnosis factor that describes the relationship between observed and unobserved cases. The underdiagnosis factor can be a fixed value, but recent research efforts have focused on characterizing the inherent uncertainty in the surveillance system with a computer simulation. Although the inclusion of uncertainty is beneficial, re-creating the simulation results for every application can be burdensome. An alternative approach is to describe the underdiagnosis factor and its uncertainty with a parametric distribution. The use of such a distribution simplifies analyses by providing a closed-form definition of the underdiagnosis factor and allows this factor to be easily incorporated into Bayesian models. In this article, we propose and estimate parametric distributions for the underdiagnosis multipliers developed for the FoodNet surveillance systems in the United States. Distributions are provided for the five foodborne pathogens deemed most relevant to meat and poultry.     

Consumer food-handling behaviors associated with prevention of 13 foodborne illnesses

To be effective in reducing the incidence of foodborne illness, consumers and food safety educators need information about behaviors that will decrease exposure to foodborne pathogens. A four-round Delphi technique was used to survey nationally recognized experts in food microbiology, epidemiology, food safety education, and food safety policy with the aim of identifying and ranking food-handling and consumption behaviors associated with 13 major foodborne pathogens. The food safety experts ranked behaviors related to keeping foods at safe temperatures as of primary importance in preventing illness caused by Bacillus cereus and Clostridium perfringens and of secondary importance in preventing illness caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The use of a thermometer to cook foods adequately was ranked as of primary importance for the prevention of illness caused by Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella species, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Toxoplasma gondii, and Yersinia enterocolitica, with the avoidance of cross-contamination being ranked as of secondary importance for most of these pathogens. Hand washing was the top-ranked behavior for the prevention of shigellosis. The avoidance of certain foods that are likely to be contaminated was the top-ranked behavior for the prevention of illnesses caused by Listeria monocytogenes, Noroviruses, and Vibrio species. The expert panel's ranking of behaviors for the reduction of the risk of illness caused by major foodborne pathogens can enable consumers to make informed choices about food consumption and handling behaviors and can guide food safety educators in prioritizing their educational efforts.     

2014年温州市特定病原体的食源性疾病病例监测结果分析

目的通过对温州市2014年特定病原体的食源性疾病病例监测结果分析,了解温州市食源性疾病的流行趋势和特征,为卫生行政部门制定食源性疾病监测工作提供科学依据。方法收集温州市食源性疾病监测哨点医院以腹泻症状为主诉的门诊和住院病例,采集粪便或肛拭样本,并进行沙门菌、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌、创伤弧菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌和诺如病毒检测,同时对患者进行相关信息采集、分析。结果 2014年温州市共监测腹泻病例4 216例,采集样本4 190份,检出阳性病原菌321株,分别为副溶血性弧菌218株、诺如病毒48株、沙门菌44株,致泻性大肠埃希菌6株,志贺菌3株,创伤弧菌2株。病例数以7~11月较为集中,占总病例的69.38%,呈现较明显的夏秋季高峰。5岁以下年龄组及16~45岁年龄组为高发病人群,可疑食品中以水产及其制品占比最大,其次为肉类、禽类及其制品。结论副溶血性弧菌是目前温州市食源性疾病致病的主要微生物,需加强卫生行政部门-疾控机构-哨点医院三者沟通协作机制,完善食源性疾病监测网络,提高监测能力,加大食源性疾病健康教育工作,积极开展有效的防控措施。     

Salmonella and broiler processing in the United States: Relationship to foodborne salmonellosis

Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illness worldwide, with over 40,000 cases reported each year in the United States alone. Salmonella is often associated with foods of animal origin, with chicken and dishes containing chicken often thought to be the most likely source. The Food Safety Inspection Service of the United States Department of Agriculture keeps data on the serotypes of Salmonella isolated from Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point verification samples obtained each year. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes the most common Salmonella serotypes isolated from human disease each year. In addition, CDC maintains records of all reported foodborne outbreaks and the vehicle of illness, when determined. This review examines the overall prevalence of Salmonella serotypes isolated from broilers, the serotypes most commonly associated with human illness, and serotypes most commonly found in foodborne salmonellosis associated with chicken or chicken containing products.     

Ground beef consumption patterns in the United States, FoodNet, 2006 through 2007

Infection resulting from foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli O157:H7, is often associated with consumption of raw or undercooked ground beef. However, little is known about the frequency of ground beef consumption in the general population. The objective of this study was to describe patterns of self-reported ground beef and pink ground beef consumption using data from the 2006 through 2007 FoodNet Population Survey. From 1 July 2006 until 30 June 2007, residents of 10 FoodNet sites were contacted by telephone and asked about foods consumed within the previous week. The survey included questions regarding consumption of ground beef patties both inside and outside the home, the consumption of pink ground beef patties and other types of ground beef inside the home, and consumption of ground beef outside the home. Of 8,543 survey respondents, 75.3% reported consuming some type of ground beef in the home. Of respondents who ate ground beef patties in the home, 18.0% reported consuming pink ground beef. Consumption of ground beef was reported most frequently among men, persons with incomes from $40,000 to $75,000 per year, and persons with a high school or college education. Ground beef consumption was least often reported in adults ≥65 years of age. Men and persons with a graduate level education most commonly reported eating pink ground beef in the home. Reported consumption of ground beef and pink ground beef did not differ by season. Ground beef is a frequently consumed food item in the United States, and rates of consumption of pink ground beef have changed little since previous studies. The high rate of consumption of beef that has not been cooked sufficiently to kill pathogens makes pasteurization of ground beef an important consideration, especially for those individuals at high risk of complications from foodborne illnesses such as hemolytic uremic syndrome.     

中国食品污染监测体系的研究

目的 掌握我国食源性疾病流行及食品污染状况.方法 在"十五"国家重大科技专项的支持下,覆盖16个省(市)、自治区的食品污染监测网和食源性疾病监测网,连续对29类食品中的36种化学污染物、10种食品添加剂、6种食源性致病菌的污染状况进行监测分析,对食源性疾病报告个案信息进行病因和病原的综合分析.结果 我国食品中砷、汞污染状况已基本得到控制,但铅、镉的污染突出,全国鲜奶和皮蛋铅含量平均值超过国家标准;水产品中软体类和猪肾的铅污染水平较高;我国成人,特别是2岁儿童膳食铅摄入量远远超过世界卫生组织规定的耐受摄入量.7种添加剂存在过量添加问题,危险性评估结果表明我国的食品添加剂卫生使用标准规定的限量是安全的.我国出口的天然发酵酱油中氯丙醇含量符合我国行业标准和欧盟标准,但国内个别地区市场的酱油氯丙醇污染水平较高.部分食品存在高毒农药(甲胺磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷)违规使用的现象,茶叶污染菊酯类农药和有机氯类农药严重.国家食源性疾病监测网个案报告的资料分析表明,微生物性病原占46.4%,其次为化学物(占24.1%)和有毒动植物(14.7%).食源性疾病发生场所以公共餐饮单位、食堂为主.食源性致病菌(沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、空肠弯曲菌及阪崎肠杆菌)的监测分析发现,生肉类、水产类食品的病原菌分离率最高.在数百个沙门菌分离株中,20%以上对至少3种以上的抗生素耐药,并发现了对8类15种抗生素耐药的鼠伤寒沙门菌株,其耐药谱与国外暴发流行的超级耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌DT104接近.结论 该研究为控制我国食品中主要化学性和微生物性危害的污染及其对人群健康的影响,为制修订食品卫生法规和标准提供了重要科学依据.     

Fresh produce: a growing cause of outbreaks of foodborne illness in the United States, 1973 through 1997

Fresh produce is an important part of a healthy diet. During the last three decades, the number of outbreaks caused by foodborne pathogens associated with fresh produce consumption reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has increased. To identify trends, we analyzed data for 1973 through 1997 from the Foodborne Outbreak Surveillance System. We defined a produce-associated outbreak as the occurrence of two or more cases of the same illness in which epidemiologic investigation implicated the same uncooked fruit, vegetable, salad, or juice. A total of 190 produce-associated outbreaks were reported, associated with 16,058 illnesses, 598 hospitalizations, and eight deaths. Produce-associated outbreaks accounted for an increasing proportion of all reported foodborne outbreaks with a known food item, rising from 0.7% in the 1970s to 6% in the 1990s. Among produce-associated outbreaks, the food items most frequently implicated included salad, lettuce, juice, melon, sprouts, and berries. Among 103 (54%) produce-associated outbreaks with a known pathogen, 62 (60%) were caused by bacterial pathogens, of which 30 (48%) were caused by Salmonella. During the study period, Cyclospora and Escherichia coli O157:H7 were newly recognized as causes of foodborne illness. Foodborne outbreaks associated with fresh produce in the United States have increased in absolute numbers and as a proportion of all reported foodborne outbreaks. Fruit and vegetables are major components of a healthy diet, but eating fresh uncooked produce is not risk free. Further efforts are needed to better understand the complex interactions between microbes and produce and the mechanisms by which contamination occurs from farm to table.     

Recent (2011–2017) foodborne outbreak cases in the Republic of Korea compared to the United States: a review

This study analyzes and compares foodborne disease outbreaks reported in the Republic of Korea (KR) and the United States (US) during 2011-2017. The foodborne outbreaks data in the KR and the US were collected from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and from the Surveillance for Foodborne Disease Outbreaks United States, respectively. The average number of outbreaks and illness population were higher in the US than in the KR, but the KR’s illness ratio considering population size was 2.4 times higher than that of the US. When the sites of outbreaks compared, the number of illness was the highest at schools in the KR whereas outbreaks at restaurants were more frequent in the US. In the KR, bacterial infections were the primary cause of outbreaks while bacterial and viral infections accounted for the largest share of outbreaks in the US. Specifically, pathogenic E. coli presented a significant risk in the KR whereas Salmonella was the most prevalent in the US. These results indicate that the main microbiological targets for detection and control in the KR should differ from the US, which should be considered for developing food safety related policies.     

2016~2019年秦皇岛市1家哨点医院主动监测的食源性疾病主动监测分析

目的 了解近几年秦皇岛市食源性疾病的流行病学特征及变化趋势。方法 收集2016~2019年秦皇岛市1家哨点医院主动监测的食源性疾病病例资料, 并采集粪便标本开展沙门氏菌、副溶血性弧菌、致泻大肠埃希氏菌、志贺氏菌和诺如病毒检测。结果 共监测食源性疾病病例718例, 男女比例为1:1.14, 以20~29岁年龄组病例最多(28.41%), 职业以家务及 待业为主(23.96%), 6~8月为高发期, 可疑暴露食品以水 产动物及 其制品所占比例最大(27.44%), 家庭是主要可疑进食场所。检出病原体187例, 总检出率26.04%, 其中副溶血性弧菌73例(10.17%)、诺如病毒65例(9.05%)、致泻大肠埃希氏菌25例(3.48%)、沙门氏菌24例(3.34%)。 结论 秦皇岛市食源性疾病主要 以副溶血性弧菌和诺如 病毒感染为主, 今后应加强健 康 宣传和主动监测, 有效降低 食源性疾病发生。     

Using expert elicitation to link foodborne illnesses in the United States to foods

U.S. foodborne illness risk analysis would benefit greatly from better information on the relationship between the incidence of foodborne illness and exposure to foodborne pathogens. In this study, expert elicitation was used to attribute U.S. foodborne illnesses caused by the nine FoodNet pathogens, Toxoplasma gondii, and noroviruses to consumption of foods in 11 broad categories. Forty-two nationally recognized food safety experts responded to a formal written expert elicitation survey. For each pathogen, respondents gave their best estimate of the distribution of foodborne illnesses associated with each of the food categories and the 90% confidence bounds on each of their estimates. Based on the work of Paul Mead and his coauthors, food attribution percentage estimates from this study were used to attribute case, hospitalization, and death incidence estimates to foods according to pathogen. These attribution estimates indicate that 15 food-pathogen pairs account for 90% of the illnesses, 25 pairs account for 90% of hospitalizations, and 21 pairs account for 90% of deaths.     

Foodborne and Waterborne Pathogenic Bacteria in Selected Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Countries

The World Ranking Food Safety Performance reports by Charlebois in 2008 and 2010 importantly stimulated international discussion and encouraged efforts to establish realistic international benchmarks for food safety performance among Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. This paper presents the international incidence of 5 common foodborne pathogens and describes the challenges of comparing international data. Data were compiled from surveillance authorities in the countries, such as the Natl. Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System of Australia; the Canadian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System; the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA; the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan; New Zealand Food Safety Authority; and the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The highest average rates in cases per 100000 people over the 12‐y period from 2000 to 2011 for Campylobacter spp. (237.47), Salmonella spp. (67.08), Yersinia spp. (12.09), Verotoxigenic/Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (3.38), and Listeria monocytogenes (1.06) corresponded, in order, to New Zealand, Belgium, Finland, Canada, and Denmark. Comparatively, annual average rates for these 5 pathogens showed an increase over the 12‐y period in 28%, 17%, 14%, 50%, and 6% of the countries for which data were available. Salmonella spp. showed a decrease in 56% of the countries, while incidence of L. monocytogenes was constant in most countries (94%). Variable protocols for monitoring incidence of pathogens among OECD countries remain. Nevertheless, there is evidence of sufficient standardization of monitoring protocols such as the European Surveillance System, which has contributed to reduce this gap.     

Costs of acute bacterial foodborne disease in Canada and the United States

Bacterial foodborne disease is increasing in industrialized as well as developing countries. For Canada and the United States many millions of cases are believed to occur each year, based on extrapolations of survey data, human enteric isolations and reported foodborne disease cases. The economic impact of such a large number is probably in billions of dollars but the precise figure is difficult to calculate. Medical costs and lost income are easier to determine than losses to food companies, legal awards and settlements, value of lost leisure time, pain, grief, suffering and death. The evaluation of costs at the national level for Canada and the United States based on all available costs for 61 incidents showed that company losses and legal action are much higher than medical/hospitalization expenses, lost income or investigational costs. It was reckoned that on an annual basis an estimated 1 million cases of acute bacterial foodborne illness in Canada cost nearly $1.1 billion and 5.5 million cases in the United States cost nearly $7 billion. The value of deaths was a major contributor to the overall costs especially for diseases like listeriosis, salmonellosis, Vibrio infections, and haemorrhagic colitis. Salmonellosis is the economically most important disease because it affects all parts of the food system, unlike typhoid fever and botulism, which are largely controlled by public health authorities and the food industry.     

Consumer acceptance of irradiated meat and poultry in the United States.

Food manufacturers in the United States are currently allowed to irradiate raw meat and poultry to control microbial pathogens and began marketing irradiated beef products in mid-2000. Consumers can reduce their risk of foodborne illness by substituting irradiated meat and poultry for nonirradiated products, particularly if they are more susceptible to foodborne illness. The objective of this study was to identify the individual characteristics associated with willingness to buy irradiated meat and poultry, with a focus on five risk factors for foodborne illness: unsafe food handling and consumption behavior, young and old age, and compromised immune status. A logistic regression model of willingness to buy irradiated meat or poultry was estimated using data from the 1998-1999 FoodNet Population Survey, a single-stage random-digit dialing telephone survey conducted in seven sites covering 11% of the U.S. population. Nearly one-half (49.8%) of the 10,780 adult respondents were willing to buy irradiated meat or poultry. After adjusting for other factors, consumer acceptance of these products was associated with male gender, greater education, higher household income, food irradiation knowledge, household exposure to raw meat and poultry, consumption of animal flesh, and geographic location. However, there was no difference in consumer acceptance by any of the foodborne illness risk factors. It is unclear why persons at increased risk of foodborne illness were not more willing to buy irradiated products, which could reduce the hazards they faced from handling or undercooking raw meat or poultry contaminated by microbial pathogens.     

Complaint-based surveillance for foodborne illness in the United States: a survey of local health departments

Foodborne illnesses are an important public health problem in the United States in terms of both the burden of illness and cost to the health care system. Strengthening foodborne illness surveillance helps address the growing issues of food safety in the United States. Very little is known about the use of consumer complaint surveillance systems for foodborne illness. This study evaluates the use of these surveillance systems by local health departments (LHDs) in the United States and their practices and policies for investigating complaints. Data for this study were collected through two Web-based surveys based on a representative sample of LHDs in the United States; 81% of LHDs use complaint-based surveillance. Of those that did not have a complaint system, 64% reported that the state health department or another agency ran their complaint system. Health departments collect a wide variety of information from callers through their complaint systems, including food intake history. Most of the LHDs, however, do not store the information in an electronic database. Outbreak rates and complaint rates were found to be positively correlated, with a Pearson's correlation coefficient of 0.38. Complaints were the most common outbreak detection mechanism reported by respondents, with a median of 69% of outbreaks during the previous year found through complaints. Complaint systems are commonly used in the United States. Increasing the rate at which illnesses are reported by the public and improving investigation practices could help increase the number of outbreaks detected through complaint surveillance.     

Disease burden of foodborne pathogens in the Netherlands, 2009

To inform risk management decisions on control, prevention and surveillance of foodborne disease, the disease burden of foodborne pathogens is estimated using Disability Adjusted Life Years as a summary metric of public health. Fourteen pathogens that can be transmitted by food are included in the study (four infectious bacteria, three toxin-producing bacteria, four viruses and three protozoa). Data represent the burden in the Netherlands in 2009. The incidence of community-acquired non-consulting cases, patients consulting their general practitioner, those admitted to hospital, as well as the incidence of sequelae and fatal cases is estimated using surveillance data, cohort studies and published data. Disease burden includes estimates of duration and disability weights for non-fatal cases and loss of statistical life expectancy for fatal cases. Results at pathogen level are combined with data from an expert survey to assess the fraction of cases attributable to food, and the main food groups contributing to transmission. Among 1.8 million cases of disease (approx. 10,600 per 100,000) and 233 deaths (1.4 per 100,000) by these fourteen pathogens, approximately one-third (680,000 cases; 4100 per 100,000) and 78 deaths (0.5 per 100,000) are attributable to foodborne transmission. The total burden is 13,500 DALY (82 DALY per 100,000). On a population level, Toxoplasma gondii, thermophilic Campylobacter spp., rotaviruses, noroviruses and Salmonella spp. cause the highest disease burden. The burden per case is highest for perinatal listeriosis and congenital toxoplasmosis. Approximately 45% of the total burden is attributed to food. T. gondii and Campylobacter spp. appear to be key targets for additional intervention efforts, with a focus on food and environmental pathways. The ranking of foodborne pathogens based on burden is very different compared to when only incidence is considered. The burden of acute disease is a relatively small part of the total burden. In the Netherlands, the burden of foodborne pathogens is similar to the burden of upper respiratory and urinary tract infections.     

农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况分析

目的了解农产品中食源性致病菌的污染状况,为政府监管提供依据。方法共抽取430份农产品样品,监测项目为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157:H7、霍乱弧菌、志贺氏菌、副溶血性弧菌和诺如病毒。采用全自动基因指纹分析仪对分离到的部分沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌株进行核糖体基因指纹鉴定。结果农产品中存在食源性致病菌的污染,畜禽产品中检出单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌22株、沙门氏菌17株、金黄色葡萄球菌7株;水产品中检出霍乱弧菌7株;鲜食蔬菜中检出金黄色葡萄球菌11株,72%的金黄色葡萄球菌产肠毒素。全自动基因指纹分析仪的鉴定结果和国标方法完全一致。结论应重视农产品的源头污染,加强监控。全自动基因指纹分析仪可用于食源性致病菌的快速鉴定和溯源。     

Considering uncertainty in comparing the burden of illness due to foodborne microbial pathogens

The uncertainty attendant to burden-of-illness estimates should be taken into account in comparing the public health impact of different foodborne pathogens. In this paper, decision analysis concepts are applied to the comparisons of pathogen-specific burden-of-illness estimates. In situations wherein the magnitude of uncertainty varies, the rank order of pathogen-specific burden-of-illness estimates is sensitive to the decisional criteria applied. To illustrate the magnitude of attendant uncertainty in pathogen-specific foodborne-illness estimates, probabilistic risk assessment methods are used to characterize the uncertainty regarding the burden of illness due to Escherichia coli O157:H7. The magnitude of uncertainty about the burden of food-related illness due to E. coli O157:H7 is substantial, ranging from less than 50,000 to more than 120,000 cases/year. This example underscores the importance of considering the uncertainty attendant to burden-of-illness estimates in comparing the public health impacts of different pathogens. Although some would argue that the expected value of the number of illnesses provides the "best estimate" for decision-making, this merely reflects a decision-making rule of convention and not a scientific truism.     

2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

目的分析2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病的流行病学特征和规律,为防控食源性疾病暴发事件提出有针对性的措施和建议。方法对2013—2015年"食源性疾病监测报告系统"中吉林省的病例进行描述性分析和统计学检验。结果 2013—2015年吉林省哨点医院共报告食源性疾病病例12 049例,其中11 497例患者的标本做病原学检测,807例患者检出致病微生物,总检出率为7.02%;诺如病毒、沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属、志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌检出率分别为15.63%(389/2 489)、2.54%(283/11 141)、1.32%(147/11 167)、0.08%(9/11 153)、0.06%(6/9 410),未检出小肠耶尔森菌(0/201)。诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属与志贺菌、副溶血性弧菌和小肠耶尔森菌相比是吉林省主要流行的食源性致病微生物(P0.05)。诺如病毒在第一季度检出率(31.00%)高于其他三个季度;沙门菌、致泻性大肠埃希菌属在第二、三季度检出率(3.78%、3.12%;1.32%、1.69%)高于第一、四季度;志贺菌和副溶血性弧菌均在第三季度检出率最高(0.14%、0.15%)。诺如病毒在80岁以上和5岁以下年龄组检出率较高(20.00%、18.90%),沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属在5岁以下年龄组检出率最高(3.38%、1.75%)。2015年的食源性致病菌检出率高于2013年和2014年,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),第四季度的检出率低于前三季度差异有统计学意义(P0.05),不同性别的食源性致病菌检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),5岁以下年龄组儿童、商业服务人员、城市居民食源性致病微生物检出率最高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 2013—2015年吉林省食源性疾病检出率逐年升高,第一、二、三季度检出率高于第四季度,诺如病毒、沙门菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌属是主要流行的病原体,5岁以下年龄组儿童和商业服务人员易受食源性致病微生物感染。