Zn（Ⅱ）-NH3-Cl--H2O体系的优势区图（英文）

采用化学平衡模拟软件GEMS预测了锌湿法冶金过程中涉及的锌在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-H2O和Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中的溶解度,并构建了其含锌物种分布图和优势区图。采用平衡实验方法测定了相同条件下锌的溶解度,其结果与预测结果相吻合。含锌物种的分布图和优势区图表明,在弱碱性条件下,2个体系均为以锌氨和羟基锌氨配合物为溶液的主要物种,其中Zn(NH3)24-为主要优势物种;在Zn(Ⅱ)-NH3-Cl--H2O体系中,锌氨氯三元配合物的形成能有效增大锌在中性条件下的溶解度,在该体系中存在Zn(OH)2、Zn(OH)1.6Cl0.4和Zn(NH3)2Cl23种固相,固相产物的形成取决于体系中总锌、总氨和总氯浓度。这些热力学平衡图表明了体系中各种物种之间的相互影响作用,并预测了总氨和总氯浓度的变化对锌溶解度的影响,为锌湿法冶金提供了热力学数据。     

CaCl2-Ca（OH）2-H2O体系中氢氧化钙的平衡浓度

绘制了25℃时CaCl2-Ca(OH)2-H2O体系的c(CaCl2)—c(Ca(OH)2)图和c(CaCl2)—pH值图。结果表明:体系中c(Ca(OH)2)和pH值随着c(CaCl2)的增加而不断减小,c(Ca(OH)2)变化趋势与Debye-Huckel计算值相符,当c(CaCl2)<3.78 mol/L时,体系pH值>10.4。当c(CaCl2)>2.57mol/L时,有沉淀物CaClOH生成。经计算,理论上CaCl2母液可以循环配制石灰水132次,研究结果为石灰水法制备氢氧化镁工艺中CaCl2母液循环配制石灰水提供了一定的理论依据。     

Cu2+−Ni2+−NH3−NH4+−C2O42−−H2O体系金属离子沉淀行为热力学分析

针对反应体系Cu2+?Ni2+?NH3?NH4+?C2O42??H2O中Cu2+和Ni2+的反应行为,根据物质守恒原理,建立热力学数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,该体系中金属离子的沉淀是一个复杂的动态平衡过程;在高pH条件下,Cu2+和Ni2+与NH3配合分别形成[Cu(NH3)n]2+(n=3?5)和[Ni(NH3)m]...     

Al2O3悬浮液分散稳定性的影响因素

研究分散剂聚丙烯酸铵(NH4PAA)加入量、pH值、固相体积分数、球磨时间和离子强度对Al2O3陶瓷悬浮液黏度和沉降高度的影响。结果表明:分散剂加入量、pH值、固相体积分数、球磨时间和离子强度均对悬浮液的分散稳定性有显著影响。当分散剂加入量为0.8%(质量分数)、pH为9.5、固相体积分数为50%、球磨时间为24 h时、离子强度为0时,悬浮液的黏度和沉降高度达到最小值,分散稳定性达到最佳。     

pH值对X100管线钢在CO32-/HCO3-溶液中的电化学与应力腐蚀行为的影响

通过动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗图谱、Mott-Schottky曲线和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了pH值对X100管线钢在CO₃^2-/HCO₃^-溶液中的电化学与应力腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,随pH值升高,X100管线钢表面膜厚度与致密性提高,点蚀电位提高;高pH-SCC敏感性降低。     

掺杂的SrAl2O4:Eux2+,Dyy3+长余辉粉的合成、表征及发光性质

采用自蔓延高温合成法制备了组成为SrAl2O4:Eu2+x,Dy3+y的2组(x:y=1:1,x:y=1:2)12种铝酸锶长余辉发光粉,测试结果表明,组成为SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125的发光亮度最好。以上述配比为依据,又分别引入了可以用于制备荧光材料的阳离子Li+、Be2+,以及既可以用于制备荧光材料也可以用于制备自激活荧光材料的阳离子Zn2+、Cd2+、Pb2+,共制得5个系列22种铝酸锶(SrAl2O4)长余辉发光粉。Zn2+0.0125的掺杂使得SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125的余辉亮度得到大幅度提高,而且SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125,Zn2+0.0125的衰减速度也明显慢于SrAl2O4:Eu2+0.0125,Dy3+0.0125。X射线衍射结果表明,掺杂少量稀土离子(Eu2+和Dy3+)不会改变SrAl2O4基质的晶体结构。另外,透射电镜分析和粒度分布结果表明,产物为疏松多孔的蘑菇云状固体,粒度在10μm左右。     

Fe3+掺杂Li4Ti5O12的结构及电化学性能

采用高温固相法合成Li4FexTi5-xO12(x=0.025,0.1,0.2)负极材料。通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、充放电性能测试等对掺杂Fe3+的Li4Ti5O12材料的组成、结构、形貌进行表征,并对其电化学性能进行研究。结果表明,所合成的材料具有良好的尖晶石结构,无杂相。适当Fe3+掺杂能细化材料,提高材料的电子导电性,使材料的循环性能得到改善。Li4Fe0.025Ti4.975O12的充电容量最佳,0.1C倍率下首次充电比容量达到162.5 mA.h/g,循环性能较好。     

NaOH-NaAl（OH）4-H2O三元溶液体系的比定压热容

采用C80热量仪测量了温度范围为298.15~363.15 K,总碱质量摩尔浓度mT(mNaOH+mNaAl(OH)4)为0.88~6.16mol/kg,苛性比αK(mT/mNaAl(OH)4)为1.9~5.0,及常压条件下NaOH-NaAl(OH)4-H2O三元溶液体系的比定压热容;建立铝酸钠溶液体系比定压热容与总碱度、苛性比和温度的关系式;用该关系式对文献结果进行计算,比定压热容的计算值与其实验值之间的平均偏差小于0.014。根据测定结果计算研究铝酸钠溶液的表观摩尔比定压热容(cpΦ)随温度、浓度、及1/αK的变化规律。结果表明:铝酸钠溶液的表观摩尔热容cpΦ随温度的变化有一个最大值出现;与体系的1/αK成线性关系。     

孔道Al2O3/SiO2对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响

以机械球磨法制备具有可逆吸放氢性能的NaAlH4-Tm2O3储氢材料体系。利用相同制备方法进一步研究两种不同孔道材料(大孔Al2O3与介孔SiO2)对NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系储氢性能的影响,测试样品的循环吸放氢性能,并对样品吸放氢前后的结构进行表征。结果表明:大孔Al2O3材料的添加并不能明显改善NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的放氢速率和放氢量,而介孔SiO2的加入使NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系在150℃条件下5 h内的首次放氢量(质量分数)达到4.61%,高于NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系的4.27%,增加了约8.0%。此外,添加介孔SiO2的NaAlH4-Tm2O3体系放氢速率也有所提高。     

用柱硼镁石熔制硼铸铁

贮量很大的天然矿物－－柱硼镁石含Ｂ在６％左右,无有害杂质,可替代硼铁含金在部颏人使用。每１００ｋｇ金属炉料加３－４ｋｇ柱硼镁石。只要适当增中层焦数量和严格控制炉子的正常熔炼,即可获得符合要求的硼铸铁。采用该法生产的硼铸铁成本低、简便、质量稳定。     

Thermodynamic analysis on reaction behaviors of silicates in (NH4)2WO4-(NH4)2CO3-NH3-H2O system

The reaction behaviors of silicate species in (NH₄)₂WO₄-(NH₄)₂CO₃-NH₃-H₂O system are crucial to developing a green manufacture technique for ammonium paratungstate. In order to efficiently remove silicon from the system, the reaction behaviors of silicate species were systematically investigated by thermodynamic analysis. The thermodynamic analysis shows that silicate in the tungstate clinker partly decomposes in the leaching process, with 150–160 mg/L silicon thermodynamically at 25 °C. The dissolved silicon can be removed by magnesium salts via forming insoluble MgSiO₃. The low carbonate and high ammonia concentrations in the system are beneficial to the removal of silicon, with silicon concentration reaching 8–10 mg/L thermodynamically, whereas MgSiO₃ precipitation is hardly formed when the concentration of total carbonate is more than 1.5 mol/L. The reaction behaviors of calcium and magnesium were also studied in the system. The results in the verification experiments consist with the theoretical calculation.     

The quaternary system B2O3-PbO-SiO2-ZnO: Thermodynamics and phase diagram

We evaluated the six binary phase diagrams, B₂O₃-PbO, B₂O₃-SiO₂, B₂O₃-ZnO, PbO-SiO2, PbO-ZnO, and SiO₂-ZnO, to obtain a consistent picture for the quaternary system B₂O₃-PbO-SiO₂-ZnO. We used all the available thermodynamic data: enthalpies of mixing, activity data, complete phase diagrams, and miscibility gaps. The agreement between the various sets of data is good. We also calculated the enthalpy of formation of the ternary compound 5PbO-B₂O₃-SiO₂. Δ_fH/R of 1/8 [5PbO-B₂O₃-SiO₂] =-(2.104 ± 0.057) kK.     

The first-class reciprocal quaternary system H3PO4-K2SO4-K3PO4-H2SO4-H2O application to fertilizer fabrication problems

The first-class reciprocal quaternary system H₃PO₄-K₂SO₄-K_3PO₄-H₂SO₄-H₂O has been carefully investigated at 25 and 75°C. Representations have been given using the J?necke coordinates. Using the established diagrams as a base, a procedure is proposed for preparing specific fertilizers containing potassium and phosphate ions by reacting phosphate rock with aqueous solutions of KHSO₄, addition of calculated amounts of water to the reaction mixture, elimination of an insoluble products, and programmed water evaporation.     

Effects of K2O-Li2O doping on surface and catalytic properties of Fe2O3/Cr2O3 system

The effects of K₂O and Li₂O-doping (0.5, 0.75 and 1.5 mol%) of Fe₂O₃/Cr₂O₃ system on its surface and the catalytic properties were investigated. Pure and differently doped solids were calcined in air at 400-600 °C. The formula of the un-doped calcined solid was 0.85Fe₂O₃:0.15Cr₂O₃. The techniques employed were TGA, DTA, XRD, N₂ adsorption at −196 °C and catalytic oxidation of CO oxidation by O₂ at 200-300 °C. The results revealed that DTA curves of pure mixed solids consisted of one endothermic peak and two exothermic peaks. Pure and doped mixed solids calcined at 400 °C are amorphous in nature and turned to α-Fe₂O₃ upon heating at 500 and 600 °C. K₂O and Li₂O doping conducted at 500 or 600 °C modified the degree of crystallinity and crystallite size of all phases present which consisted of a mixture of nanocrystalline α- and γ-Fe₂O₃ together with K₂FeO₄ and LiFe₅O₈ phases. However, the heavily Li₂O-doped sample consisted only of LiFe₅O₈ phase. The specific surface area of the system investigated decreased to an extent proportional to the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. On the other hand, the catalytic activity was found to increase by increasing the amount of K₂O and Li₂O added. The maximum increase in the catalytic activity, expressed as the reaction rate constant (k) measured at 200 °C, attained 30.8% and 26.5% for K₂O and Li₂O doping, respectively. The doping process did not modify the activation energy of the catalyzed reaction but rather increased the concentration of the active sites without changing their energetic nature.     

氧化钠对CaO-Al2O3-SiO2三元系铝酸钙形成规律的影响（英文）

利用XRD、SEMEDS和DSCTG技术研究了添加Na2O的CaO-Al2O3-SiO2体系中铝酸钙的形成规律。结果表明,当Al2O3与SiO2的质量比为3.0、CaO与Al2O3的摩尔比为1.0时,在1350°C烧结后的熟料主要由12CaO·7Al2O3、2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2和2CaO·SiO2组成。熟料中12CaO·7Al2O3的含量随着Na2O的增加而增加,2CaO·Al2O3·SiO2的含量随着Na2O的增加而降低。Na2O在12CaO·7Al2O3中形成固溶体,增加了其单位晶胞体积。DSC分析表明,Na2O不仅促进了12CaO·7Al2O3的形成,而且使C12A7的形成温度降低了30°C。烧结熟料中的氧化铝溶出性能随着Na2O的增加而大幅度提高。     

An ESCA study of the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in passive films on iron-chromium alloys

X-ray photoelectron spectra of Fe $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ electrons are measured for passive films on iron and FeCr alloys passivated for 1 h in 1M H₂SO₄ at + 100 and + 500 mV (s.c.e.). When chromium content of FeCr alloys increased to ca. 12 at.%, binding energy of Fe $\text{2p}{}_{\mathrm{<mtext>3</mtext><mtext>2</mtext>}}$ electrons from oxidized state shifted abruptly from ca. 710·3 to ca. 709·6 eV and no more change in binding energy was observed at high chromium content. This abrupt shift of binding energy is in accord with the fact that the Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺ ratio showed sharp increase at ca. 12 at.% chromium. This phenomenon can be attributed to the inhibition of oxidation of iron due to the change in film structure and properties.     

镍铁合金镀液中Fe2+、Fe3+含量的测定

在已有的研究基础上,建立了邻菲罗啉分光光度法测定Ni-Fe合金镀液中Fe2+、Fe3+的分析方法.     

Eu^3＋掺杂ZnO-MgO-La2O3-B2O3基发光光纤的弹脆塑性

采用高温固相反应法制备了Eu^3＋掺杂ZnO-MgO-La203-B203基质的光致发光光纤，通过轴向拉伸试验测量了该光纤的应力-应变曲线。应用弹脆塑性理论研究了屈服面的变化和应力-应变的本构关系，计算了拉伸弹性模量、拉伸强度、拉伸最大负荷、拉伸强度的应变、断裂伸长率和材料的脆性指数。结果表明，该光纤弹性模量高于普通玻璃和大理石，接近于硬铝合金和轧制铝，其拉伸强度和所能承载的负荷都较大。