钢纤维高强混凝土二桩承台受力特性有限元分析

为进一步研究钢纤维高强混凝土二桩承台内部传力机理,在钢纤维高强混凝土二桩承台模型试验的基础上,考虑混凝土塑性损伤模型(CDP),利用ABAQUS进行钢纤维高强混凝土二桩承台的受力特性分析,并与试验结果对比,阐明竖直荷载作用下承台的破坏形态、开裂荷载和极限荷载,以及承台钢筋和混凝土的应力变化特征,并在此基础上探究承台的传力机理。结果表明：二桩承台破坏形态的有限元分析结果与承台试验结果吻合较好;随着承台厚度和钢纤维体积率的增加,二桩承台承载力显著提高;选用合适的配筋率和钢纤维高强混凝土可有效提高承台承载力;钢纤维高强混凝土二桩承台传力机理符合“拉杆拱”模型。     

钢纤维高强混凝土承台承载力影响 因素试验研究

通过17个平面尺寸700 mm x 700 mm、厚度150 } 400~的钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土四桩承 台受力性能试验,探讨了混凝土强度、钢纤维体积率、承台有效厚度、配筋率、钢纤维类型等对承台 开裂荷载和极限承载力的影响。结果表明,随着钢纤维体积率、承台有效厚度、混凝土强度、配筋率 的增加,承台承载力显著提高,同时钢纤维类型对承台承载力也有一定影响,在建立钢纤维高强混凝 土承台极限承载力计算公式时,应充分考虑到这些因素的影响     

钢纤维高强混凝土承台裂缝与破坏形态分析

通过钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土四桩桩基承台模型试验,分析了承台从加载到破坏全过程裂缝的发展规律,包括承台侧面、底面、顶面裂缝的出现,裂缝的发展和裂缝宽度的变化以及破坏时裂缝的分布形态。结果表明:钢筋钢纤维高强混凝土四桩承台裂缝形态随着钢纤维体积率、配筋率、配筋方式的不同而变化,承台破坏时呈现出弯曲破坏构件的裂缝特征。     

三点弯曲下的钢纤维高强混凝土断裂能

通过100个尺寸为100mm×100mm×515mm的不同体积率的钢纤维高强混凝土切口梁三点弯曲试验,探讨了钢纤维体积率和裂缝相对切口深度对高强混凝土断裂能和作用力功的影响。结果表明,钢纤维改善了高强混凝土的断裂性能与延性。钢纤维高强混凝土断裂能增益比、作用力功增益比以及延性指数随着钢纤维体积率的增加而线性增加,随着切口深度的增加而降低;外力功对断裂能的大小起较大作用。在分析试验结果的基础上,建立了钢纤维高强混凝土作用力功和断裂能的计算公式。     

钢纤维高强混凝土的劈拉及剪切变形性能

通过钢纤维高强混凝土的劈拉和剪切性能试验,分析钢纤维对高强混凝土劈拉和剪切变形性能的影响。结果表明,钢纤维的加入有效地改善了高强混凝土的劈拉和剪切变形性能。劈拉荷载作用下,钢纤维高强混凝土的劈拉变形能力随钢纤维体积率的增大而提高;剪切荷载作用下,钢纤维高强混凝土的初裂和破坏变形均随着钢纤维体积率的增大而增大,当钢纤维体积率为2.0%时,钢纤维高强混凝土的初裂变形较相应的普通高强混凝土提高了42%~65%,剪切韧性提高了4~5倍。此外,研究表明钢纤维类型对高强混凝土劈拉及剪切荷载作用下的变形性能具有不同程度的影响。     

圆钢管增强高强混凝土柱正截面承载力计算

根据塑性理论下限定理,针对工程中常用的对称配筋形式,推导出圆钢管增强的钢筋高强混凝土柱正截面承载力解析解。在大量计算分析的基础上,提出了当钢管直径与柱截面长边尺寸之比为1/4~2/3、钢筋为HRB335级、全截面纵筋配筋率在1%~3%之间时圆钢管增强钢筋高强混凝土柱正截面承载力的简化计算方法。试验验证和算例计算结果表明,采用该简化方法的计算结果与试验值接近,偏安全,计算过程更加简捷和实用。     

钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁受剪性能试验研究

本文通过钢筋混凝土梁以及在受拉区部分地加入钢纤维的钢筋混凝土梁的试验及理论分析，研究了钢纤维混凝土层厚、钢纤维体积率和剪跨比对钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁受剪性能的影响，建立了与普遍钢筋混凝土梁受剪承载力计算公式相衔接的钢筋钢纤维增强部分混凝土梁受剪承载力的计算模型和计算公式．     

高强箍筋约束高强混凝土方柱轴压性能数值试验研究

约束混凝土构件已成为国内外学者的研究热点。为了研究各关键因素对高强箍筋约束高强混凝土轴压短柱受力性能的影响,首先介绍三种极具代表性的约束混凝土模型;其次,基于10组高强箍筋约束高强混凝土方柱轴压试验,采用ABAQUS进行数值模拟,计算并分析箍筋强度、配箍率等因素对约束混凝土构件受力性能的影响。研究结果表明:数值模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,借助高强度箍筋来约束高强混凝土来提高构件的极限承载力和变形性能十分有效,为高强箍筋在混凝土结构中进一步拓展应用提供理论依据。更多还原     

HRB400钢筋再生混凝土梁受弯承载力研究

通过7根配置HRB400钢筋再生混凝土简支梁和1根普通混凝土梁的对比试验,分析了再生骨料替代率、纵向钢筋配筋率等对再生混凝土梁正截面受力性能的影响。试验结果表明:钢筋再生混凝土梁的正截面破坏过程与普通混凝土梁相似,在受力过程中仍具有明显的弹性、开裂、屈服、破坏4个受力阶段;再生混凝土梁在受力过程中正截面应变变化基本符合平截面假定;采用现行混凝土结构设计规范计算的再生混凝土梁的极限承载力是可行的,而且计算结果具有一定的安全裕量。     

低掺量钢纤维混凝土静压弹性模量影响因素

通过尺寸为150 mm×150 mm×300 mm的低掺量钢纤维混凝土试块试验,探讨了低钢纤维体积含量、纤维种类、基体强度对低掺量钢纤维混凝土静压弹性模量的影响。结果表明:钢纤维的体积含量对低掺量钢纤维混凝土的弹性模量基本没有影响,钢纤维的强度与长径比对弹性模量有一定的影响。提高混凝土的基体强度可以提高低掺量钢纤维混凝土的静压弹性模量,并且进一步提出了弹性模量与长径比及钢纤维强度的拟合关系式。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。     

Fish assemblage response to recent mitigation of a channelized warmwater stream

Various designs of low‐head dams are used to rehabilitate streams or forestall upstream channel incision after channelization. We report on the efficacy of using notched sills and grade control structures (GCS) to restore the fish assemblage in Luxapallila Creek, Mississippi. We tested the null hypotheses that habitat variables and species richness, evenness, and assemblage structure would not differ among: (1) a channelized segment with no modifications; (2) a channelized segment mitigated by the installation of sills and GCS; (3) a segment upstream of the installations and undergoing channel incision; and (4) an unaltered segment. Although habitat variables changed, neither species richness, evenness, nor fish assemblage structure differed between mitigated and channelized segments with both exhibiting less richness and different assemblage structures than the unaltered segment. Lack of differences in species richness between the incised and unaltered segments suggest that the GCS may have halted the negative effects of upstream channel incision before species were extirpated. Conspicuous habitat differences between the altered (channelized and mitigated) and unaltered segments were lack of backwaters and canopy coverage and finer substrates in the altered segments. Our results suggest a more comprehensive rehabilitation strategy is required in Luxapallila Creek. Published in 2003 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

NUMERICAL STUDY OF WAVE EFFECTS ON SURFACE WIND STRESS AND SURFACE MIXING LENGTH BY THREE-DIMENSIONAL CIRCULATION MODELING

1. INTRODUCTION Coastal and continental shelf regions are characterized by intensive interaction between wave and current. These regions are of great economic significance to mankind. Therefore, the modeling of wave and current as well as their mutual int…