双侧人工耳蜗植入对儿童听觉识别能力影响的个案研究

目的考察双侧和单侧配戴人工耳蜗对儿童听觉识别的影响。方法本研究采用实验法和观察法。通过实验法在安静环境下使用听觉评估导航系统对幼儿的双耳和单耳进行测试。识别材料主要选择韵母识别、声母识别、单音节词声调识别、双音节词识别、短句识别。言语信号的强度为70dB SPL。通过观察法观察儿童在日常生活中双耳和单耳的表现，考察双耳与单耳在日常生活中的差异。结果实验结果表明，在声调识别和双音节词识别方面，该儿童识别率都达到100％。在韵母方面，双侧略好于单侧。在声母识别和短句识别方面，双侧人工耳蜗的语音识别率远高于单侧。在日常生活中，儿童双侧配戴人工耳蜗比单侧的言语识别率．听觉定向都要好。结论双侧人工耳蜗提高了患者的言语识别率，尤其体现在声母识别和短句识别方面。     

语后聋长期全聋耳的人工耳蜗植入

目的 探讨语后聋长期全聋耳的人工耳蜗植入术后效果.方法 双侧听力下降时间不同步、双侧耳聋程度不一致的语后聋患者4例,对重度聋时间较长(均>10年)、耳聋程度较重侧进行植入人工耳蜗,分别在开机后6个月、12个月,使用心理物理学测试(T/C值),术后声场内最佳助听条件下言语频率平均听阈(pure-tonethreshold average,PTA).安静及噪声环境巾的言语识别率(HINT句表),单音节词识别率(HOPE词表),汉语声调识别(MESP),听觉行为分级标准(CAP),成人生活质量调奁问卷等评价指标,评价其术后听觉言语康复效果.结果 4例受试者在开机半年至一年内均达到了较为理想的康复效果,PTA接近或达到正常水平;安静环境中的言语识别率平均达到90%以上,噪声环境中平均达到70%;植入者可以很好地识别汉语声调;人工耳蜗为植入者带来了较高的社会效益.患者对人工耳蜗的植入效果均表示满意.结论 4例受试者都选择重度聋时间较长侧作为人工耳蜗植入侧,开机后均在较短时间内获得了良好的听觉言语康复效果,充分发挥了人工耳蜗的功能和优势的同时.听力相对较好侧耳还町继续佩戴助听器,保留了患者双耳聆听和日后接收其它治疗的机会,最大限度地为患者创造了最佳聆听条件.     

多通道人工耳蜗在语前聋儿童及青少年中的应用

目的 通过对植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童和青少年的听力和语言能力的评估,探讨我国儿童在使用人工耳蜗后的听力和言语能力发展规律及影响因素。方法 ２５例行人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童及青少年患者参与本组测试。选用《聋儿听觉言语康复评估方法》作为测试材料,分别进行声音,言语声和环境声的辨别,数词,单字词,双字词,３字词,韵母,声母,声调,封闭项列短句的识别,开放项列字词和开放项列短句识别,语言清晰度,模仿句长,     

使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童言语识别能力的研究

目的 通过对使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童的言语识别能力的比较研究,为人工耳蜗植入适应证提供参考.方法实验对象包括18例人工耳蜗植入和40例配戴助听器的先天性语前聋儿童,先在自由声场测试双耳裸耳听阈,根据装置使用时间和平均裸耳听阈值分组,测试并比较使用人工耳蜗和助听器的语前聋儿童封闭项的声母、韵母、单音节词识别率.结果人工耳蜗植入时间≥2年组儿童的韵母、声母和单音节词识别率明显高于＜2年组患者.助听器使用时间≥2年组的各测试项识别率与＜2年组差异无统计学意义.装置使用时间＜2年的语前聋儿童,人工耳蜗植入者的各测试项识别率均明显高于平均裸耳听阈＞100 dB HL的助听器使用者,与平均裸耳听阈≤100 dB HL的助听器使用者的各测试项识别率差异均无统计学意义.装置使用时间≥2年的语前聋儿童,人工耳蜗植入者的各测试项识别率均明显高于平均裸耳听阈＞90 dB HL的助听器使用者,但与平均裸耳听阈＞70 dB HL但≤90 dB HL的助听器使用者差异无统计学意义.结论极重度语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后能获得比助听器使用者更好的言语识别能力.     

42例语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入术后效果分析

目的初步分析语前聋儿童人工耳蜗植入后听觉言语的康复进程。方法通过对42例行人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童进行重建听阈测试、双音节词封闭项识别，主题对话测试及智力评估，以了解他们术后的听力水平、听觉言语能力及智力情况。结果受试者术后平均听阈在35 dB HL左右，在术后6个月以上的聋儿中扬扬格双音节词识别率≥80％的占95．45％；主题对话达到3～4级水平的占70．83％。双音节词识别率≥80％的聋儿言语能力为3～4级水平的占70．97％。结论对于智力发育正常，术后及时在康复机构接受科学、系统的康复训练的语前聋人工耳蜗植入的患儿，术后半年以上大多数患儿的听觉和言语能力的提高是较为明显的。     

多通道人工耳蜗在语前聋儿童及青少年中的应用

目的　通过对植入人工耳蜗的语前聋儿童和青少年的听力和语言能力的评估 ,探讨我国儿童在使用人工耳蜗后的听力和言语能力发展规律及影响因素。方法　 2 5例行人工耳蜗植入的语前聋儿童及青少年患者参与本组测试。选用《聋儿听觉言语康复评估方法》作为测试材料 ,分别进行声音、言语声和环境声的辨别 ,数词、单字词、双字词、3字词、韵母、声母、声调、封闭项列短句的识别 ,开放项列字词和开放项列短句识别 ,语言清晰度 ,模仿句长 ,听话识图和看图说话等方面测试。结果　受试者术后均能感知到声音 ,辨别不同类别的声音。封闭项列测试结果全部大于机会水平 ,正确识别率随人工耳蜗使用时间而不断增加 ,随植入时年龄的增长而呈下降趋势。术后约半年显现开放项列识别能力 ,使用人工耳蜗后对患儿的言语发育具有较大帮助。结论　尽早对语前聋患儿植入人工耳蜗及进行术后康复 ,以达改善听力 ,提高语言能力 ,促进身心全面发展的目的。     

人工耳蜗与助听器对儿童听觉言语能力提升的对比研究

目的：探讨植入人工耳蜗儿童和配戴助听器儿童在语音识别、声调识别及语音清晰度上是否存在差异,以期为助听器及人工耳蜗术后康复提供参考依据。方法选取55名听障儿童,其中助听器组25名,人工耳蜗组30名;采用听觉语言能力评估词表进行评估;利用SPSS 16.0对评估结果进行统计分析。结果听障儿童的韵母识别率显著高于声母识别率(t=3.505,P=0.001);助听器组韵母识别率显著高于声母识别率（t=3.672,P=0.001）;人工耳蜗组韵母识别率与声母识别率无显著性差异（t=1.517,P=0.135）;人工耳蜗组的声母识别显著高于助听器组（t=3.508,P=0.01）;两组儿童的韵母识别、双音节词声调识别及语音清晰度之间无显著差异(均P>0.05);人工耳蜗组和助听器组的语音清晰度变异系数均大于20%,离散程度较大。结论听障儿童的康复教学应重视声母识别训练,同时关注个体之间的差异。     

人工耳蜗植入儿童噪声下言语识别的研究

评估人工耳蜗植入效果的重要手段之一就是评价人工耳蜗植入儿童的言语识别率,但是,纯音听阈测试或安静环境下患者的言语识别能力并不能代表其日常生活(即噪声环境下)中言语识别能力,所以只有噪声下的言语测试才能更可靠地预测和评估人工耳蜗的实际应用效果.     

大前庭水管综合征患者人工耳蜗植入术后效果分析

目的探讨轻度耳蜗结构畸形对人工耳蜗植入术后患者听觉及言语识别能力康复的影响。方法 14例(年龄2.5~7.5岁,人工耳蜗植入年龄4.71±1.94岁)大前庭水管综合征(large vestibular aqueduct syndrome,LVAS)伴重度或极重度感音神经性聋患者为大前庭水管综合征组,另选择临床资料相匹配的耳蜗结构正常的重度或极重度感音神经性聋患者14例(年龄2.5~7.5岁,人工耳蜗植入年龄4.68±1.80岁)为对照组。两组均行单耳人工耳蜗植入术,术后12个月分别进行声场助听听阈(0.5~4.0 kHz)、婴幼儿有意义听觉整合量表/有意义听觉整合量表(meaningful auditory integration scale, MAIS)、听觉行为分级(categorical auditory performance criteria,CAP)以及言语可懂度分级(speech intelligibility rating scale,SIR)评估,并进行言语识别能力(包括自然环境声响识别、声母识别、韵母识别、声调识别、单音节词识别、双音节词识别、三音节词识别、短句识别)评估。结果大前庭水管综合征组及对照组术后12个月声场助听平均听阈(分别为36.88±5.73、35.36±6.29 dB HL)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组的MAIS得分率(分别为87.85%±8.01%、87.85%±9.75%)、CAP评分(分别平均为7级和6.5级)、SIR评分(分别平均为5级和4.5级)的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),两组八项言语识别能力评估的言语识别率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论大前庭水管综合征语前聋儿童植入人工耳蜗后听觉言语能力的发展水平与非综合征型先天性聋患儿相当。     

人工耳蜗植入儿童听觉康复效果观察

目的观察语前聋患儿在人工耳蜗开机后一年内听觉能力的发展状况,为康复教学工作提供参考。方法对52例在南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院进行人工耳蜗植入手术并开机和定期调机的患儿,于开机后半年和一年时分别进行声场评估,得到每位患儿的术后平均听闽,同时由康复教师对患儿进行韵母、声母、声调、单音节词、双音节词、三音节词、短句和选择性听取等8项评估。使用SPSS10．0统计学软件对半年和一年时各项评估结果进行组内纵向统计学比较,并分别就两次言语识别能力评估中音节要素、词语方面各自所含测试项进行组间横向统计学比较。结果开机后半年与一年患几的平均听阈无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。各单项识别率开机后半年与一年纵向比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．001）。组间横向比较,开机半年及一年时,韵母识别能力始终优于声母、声调识别能力,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,单音节词识别能力相对弱于双音节词、三音节词识别能力,差异亦具有统计学意义（P〈0．001）;两次评估中,选择性听取能力始终落后于其他各项。结论听觉康复过程符合从声音察觉、感知再到理解的规律,对语言的理解识别也符合先简单后复杂的规律,即从音节要素到词语、再到短句。康复过程需有侧重,人工耳蜗开机后前半年需注重听觉感知能力的提高,而后半年需注重对语言理解能力的培养。     

Treatment of Maxillary Sinus Carcinoma: Clinical Results Using the Kitasato Modality

The conventional therapeutic regimen for maxillary sinus carcinoma consists of dissection of the maxilla, full-dose irradiation and extensive chemotherapy. However, the results obtained with this treatment are often poor. Even when patients recover, their quality of life is significantly reduced as a result of deformity of facial structures and swallowing and articulation dysfunctions. A retrospective analysis of 68 patients with maxillary sinus carcinoma treated with the Kitasato modality between 1975 and 1999 was conducted. All patients underwent pergingival maxillary sinus surgery combined with pre- and postoperative irradiation therapy with standardized total doses of 16 Gy; the postoperative irradiation was given in combination with regional intra-arterial infusion chemotherapy administered via the superficial temporal artery. All visible tumor lesions were removed where possible in order to preserve or facilitate cellular immunity after surgery. The cumulative 5-year survival rates were 85.7% for Stage II patients, 88.1% for Stage III, 76.6% for Stage IVA and 75.0% for Stage IVB.     

Tongue Base Reduction with Temperature-controlled Radiofrequency Volumetric Tissue Reduction for Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

In recent years a considerable effort has been made to establish the use of different surgical techniques for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Nevertheless, treatment of hypopharyngeal obstruction due to tongue base hypertrophy remains in many ways an unsolved problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tongue base reduction with temperature-controlled radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction in the treatment of OSAS. Twenty patients with OSAS and tongue base hypertrophy were treated with radiofrequency tissue ablation. An intensified treatment protocol was used, delivering 2,800 J per treatment session under local anesthesia. Two nights of polysomnography testing were performed before and after treatment. Daytime sleepiness, snoring and postoperative morbidity were assessed using questionnaires. Mean respiratory disturbance index (RDI) was reduced from 32.1 to 24.9/h after a mean of 3.4 treatment sessions. Six patients (33%) were cured after the procedure (reduction in RDI of &#83 50% and a postoperative RDI of <15/h) and ten (55%) showed an improvement of >20% in their RDI. Daytime sleepiness and snoring improved significantly. Peri- and postoperative morbidity was low; one severe complication occurred (tongue base abscess). We were able to achieve similar cure and responder rates to those reported in a recently published pilot study but with a reduced number of treatment sessions. We believe that this technique may improve patient acceptance and have beneficial cost implications.     

Congenital nasal masses: diagnosis and management

One hundred and nine congenital nasal masses which presented to two children's hospitals over a 20 year period are reviewed. The diagnosis of the nasal mass is discussed with respect to age, mode of presentation, and site of the lesion, and a management protocol is advocated.     

Reverse Optokinetic After-nystagmus Generated by Gaze Fixation During Optokinetic Stimulation

Gaze fixation during optokinetic stimulation generates an after-nystagmus with a slow component towards the reverse direction of the optokinetic stimulation. The duration and maximum slow component velocity (SCV) of this "reverse OKAN" were observed by changing the duration, velocity and direction of the optokinetic stimulation in nine normal volunteers. The duration of reverse OKAN increased with increasing stimulation time but was unaffected by changes in the stimulation velocity. The maximum SCV of reverse OKAN decreased with an increase in the stimulation velocity but was not significantly affected by changes in the optokinetic stimulation time. There was no directional difference among the horizontal, upwards and downwards reverse OKANs. The reverse OKAN was thought to be generated by a mechanism different from the velocity storage mechanism which produced optokinetic nystagmus and the first phase of OKAN. Retinal slip during the optokinetic stimulation was considered to be an input to the mechanism which generated the reverse OKAN. We hypothesize that the mechanism causing the reverse OKAN may be a generator of the second phase of OKAN, which was also intimately connected with self-motion sensation during the optokinetic stimulation.     

Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte method

OBJECTIVES: Tissue engineering of nasal septal cartilage has numerous potential applications in craniofacial reconstruction. Chondrocytes suspended in alginate gel have been shown to produce a substantial cell-associated matrix. The objective of this study was to determine whether cartilage tissue could be generated using the alginate-recovered-chondrocyte (ARC) method, in which chondrocytes are cultured in alginate as an intermediate step in tissue fabrication. METHODS: Nasal septal chondrocytes from five patient donors were isolated by enzymatic digestion, then expanded in monolayer culture. At confluency, a portion of those cells were seeded at high density onto a semipermeable membrane and cultured for 14, 21, or 28 days (monolayer group). The remaining cells were suspended in alginate and cultured until a cell-associated matrix was observed (10-17 days). Cells and their associated matrix were released from alginate (ARC group), seeded onto a semipermeable membrane, and cultured as already described. DNA (Hoechst 33258 Assay), glycosaminoglycan (GAG; dimethylmethylene blue assay), and collagen (hydroxyproline assay) were analyzed biochemically. Immunohistochemistry was performed to assess expression of collagens type I and type II. Histochemistry was performed to localize cells accumulating sulfated GAG (Alcian blue stain). RESULTS: The ARC constructs, in contrast to the monolayer constructs, had substantial structural stability and the histologic and gross appearance of cartilaginous tissue. ARC constructs demonstrated significantly greater GAG and collagen accumulation than monolayer constructs (P <.05). Histologic analysis revealed substantial GAG and collagen type II production and only moderate collagen type I production. The composition of the matrix was thus similar to that of native human septal cartilage. CONCLUSIONS: Tissue-engineered human nasal septal cartilage using the ARC method has the histologic and gross appearance of native cartilage and has biochemical composition more like that of native cartilage than monolayer constructs. This is the first report of human nasal septal neocartilage formation without the use of biodegradable scaffolds.     

Jaw osteosarcomas

Introduction

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent bone malignant tumor. It is usually found on long bones, 5 to 10% are located on jaws, accounting for 0.5 to 1% of all facial tumors. There is little published data which concerns only few patients. Our aim was to study retrospectively cases of facial bone OS in adults, and to compare our results with published data to suggest an optimal management scheme.

Patients and method

Thirty-three patients were managed for an OS, from January 1997 to January 2007. Fourteen patients with a maxillary and mandibular OS, treated in first-intention in our unit, were included. The following data were analyzed: age; personal history; circumstance of discovery; clinical, functional, and physical signs; loco-regional extension and metastasis radiological investigation. The histological slides were systematically reviewed. The protocol, therapeutic outcome, and follow-up were studied.

Results

The mean age at diagnosis was 43. Swelling was the most frequent functional sign. The mean delay before management was 3.4 months. The most frequent radiological presentation was a lytic and hyperdense image. The diagnosis was suggested after CT scan in 57.1% of cases. The biopsy was correlated to the anatomopathological analysis in 78.6% of cases. The most common treatment was surgical exeresis completed by chemotherapy. The 5-year survival rate was 50%.

Discussion

Jaw OS are specific because of their localization and specific bone ultrastructure. Their management remains controversial: should they be managed like limb OS or treated more specifically? Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, even if it delays exeresis for 3 months, seems to stop the growth or reduce the tumor. An early anatomopathological analysis of the surgical piece determines adjuvant therapy. The negative prognostic factors are: maxillary localization because of limited exeresis margins, tumoral size, and osteoblastic sub-type.     

Patterns of practice regarding surgical site infection prevention in head & neck surgery: An international survey

IntroductionHead & neck surgery encompasses a variety of surgical approaches for benign and malignant conditions. Due to the complexity in treating patients with head and neck pathology, it is necessary to adhere to basic surgical principles to decrease complications. Among them, surgical site infection can be prevented using a surgery quality protocol including the correct use of antibiotics and optimization of nutritional status.Materials and methodsA survey was sent through the YO-IFOS and SEORL-CCC international mailing list.ResultsA total of 435 surgeons completed the survey. Of the respondents, 97.7% confirm that they scrub their hands before surgery, 40.9% respondents recommend nutritional support according to sign and symptoms, 60.9% use of antibiotic prophylaxis in clean surgery and just 9.2% use clindamycin in combination.ConclusionThis survey has broadened the scope regarding H&N surgical safety around the globe. Identifying innovative ways in which surgical care may be improved is mandatory.