中国明对虾血蓝蛋白C末端片段在毕赤酵母中的表达及其抗菌活性

为研究中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)血蓝蛋白C末端(FcHC-C)的抗菌功能,将血蓝蛋白基因FcHC的2个C末端基因片段连接到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K中,构建酵母表达载体pPIC9K/FcHC-C。该载体经SalI酶切后,采用PEG法转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris GS115)。转化子经过PCR鉴定后,阳性克隆通过含有G418的YPD平板筛选,获得高拷贝重组子。重组毕赤酵母利用甲醇诱导表达目的基因。经Tricine-SDS-PAGE和Western blot分析结果表明,利用酵母工程菌成功表达了血蓝蛋白C末端片段(rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2)。抑菌活性鉴定实验结果显示,重组蛋白rFcHC-C1和rFcHC-C2作为阴离子抗菌肽具有抗真菌和抗细菌的活性。     

海洋球石藻病毒(Coccolithovirus)硫氧还蛋白(Trx)在毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中的表达及其活性分析

从实验室保存的pBS-Trx重组质粒中克隆球石藻病毒EhV-Trx基因,构建毕赤酵母重组表达载体pPIC9K-EhV-Trx,将重组质粒电转化毕赤酵母GS115,诱导分泌表达并对重组蛋白进行二硫键还原酶活性分析。结果表明,EhV-Trx基因开放阅读框为591bp,编码197个氨基酸;在毕赤酵母GS115中成功诱导表达重组EhV-Trx,经SDS-PAGE分析目的蛋白分子量约为27.8kDa;重组EhV-Trx具有二硫键还原酶的活性,能有效打开胰岛素A、B两条链的二硫键,有望开发成一种新型的硫氧还蛋白脱敏制剂应用于食品安全领域。     

副溶血弧菌tdh基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及溶血活性检测

通过PCR技术从副溶血弧菌(Vibrio Parahaemolyticus,VP)基因组DNA上扩增耐热溶血素基因tdh,双酶切后定向插入到酵母表达载体pPICZaA中,构建重组表达质粒pPICZaA-tdh,经限制性内切酶SacI线性化后电转化毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris,P.pastoris)GS115,经PCR和测序鉴定耐热溶血素基因成功整合到毕赤酵母的基因组中。在甲醇诱导下进行tdh的表达,SDS-PAGE分析证明重组TDH(thermostable direct hemolysin,TDH)的分子质量约为23ku,经Western blotting鉴定VP抗体能与表达的TDH发生特异反应,说明tdh基因在毕赤酵母中的表达是准确的。溶血实验证明了表达的TDH具有溶血活性。本研究首次应用毕赤酵母表达耐热溶血素基因tdh,在培养基中获得分泌表达的耐热溶血素,为研究tdh基因的功能奠定了基础。     

重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)的纯化与鉴定

报道了重组大肠杆菌表达的别藻蓝蛋白的下游生产工艺研究,并对产物进行了分析鉴定。工程菌株P1先在NBSBioFlo3000型5L自动发酵罐进行高密度发酵,融合蛋白获得了高效表达,且主要在细胞内以可溶形式存在。纯化前先将获得的菌体超声破碎,然后经硫酸铵沉淀、疏水层析和离子交换层析三步纯化,接着对纯化的重组别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)进行SDS-PAGE、PAGE、Westernblot等电点分析。证明已获得纯度为96.4%的rAPC,其等电点为6.0,并且具有与天然APC相似的抗原性。     

《海洋与湖沼》2012 年第2 期论文导读

Bohaisea-9145海洋耶氏酵母碱性脂肪酶基因的克隆、异源表达和重组酶酶学性质采用基因重组和分子生物学相关技术,对海洋耶氏酵母(Yarrowia lipolytica)Bohaisea-9145海洋低温碱性脂肪酶(Y.lipolytica Bohaisea-9145,LipYp)基因lipYp(1116bp)克隆,并在巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)中进行了异源真核表达研究。结果表明,阳性重组子经摇瓶发酵54 h后     

钝顶节旋藻别藻蓝蛋白基因克隆、分析及重组表达蛋白荧光活性的研究

为探究蓝藻藻胆体核心色素蛋白-别藻蓝蛋白单个亚基的光学活性和功能,本研究克隆了钝顶节旋藻(Arthrospira platensis FACHB314)中的脱辅基别藻蓝蛋白基因apcAB及其亚基基因apcA和apcB。节旋藻基因组中apcAB全长共1 056 bp,由apcA和apcB串联组成,中间间隔84 bp。其中,apcA和apcB基因的全长均为486 bp,且均编码161个氨基酸,预测分子量分别约为17.39和17.33 kDa,它们分别编码的α和β亚基均属于Globin＿like超级家族,系统进化树分析显示其氨基酸序列在蓝藻和节旋藻中较为保守。将克隆出的亚基基因apcA、apcB分别同前期A.platensis FACHB314中获得的藻蓝胆素合成相关基因ho和pcyA以及色基裂合酶基因(cpcE、cpcF、cpcU、cpcS、cpcT)共同转化至大肠杆菌中,获得重组别藻蓝蛋白亚基菌株E.coli HPEFUSTA、E.coli HPEFUSTB。SDS-PAGE和Western Blot均显示重组菌株中已成功表达别藻蓝蛋白单亚基。荧光检测结果显示,在600 nm波长激发下,...     

几种重组别藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性

藻胆蛋白是某些藻类特有的捕光色素蛋白,其中天然别藻蓝蛋白、藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性已经被证明。实验以2,2-盐酸脒基丙烷(AAPH)为自由基生成者,应用藏红花素退色反应为检测清除氢过氧自由基的方法,探讨了在大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)中表达并纯化的带有6×His(6×组氨酸)标签和带有麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)标签的重组别藻蓝蛋白及其α、β亚基的抗氧化活性。结果表明,带有His标签的6×Hisα-APC、6×Hisβ-APC和6×His-APC均显示出一定的清除氢过氧自由基的能力,其中6×Hisβ-APC清除氢过氧自由基的IC50值可达到27.2 mg/L,Ka/Kc(氢过氧自由基与重组别藻蓝蛋白和藏红花素反应的速度常数比)达到1.24,大于带有色素基团的天然APC清除氢过氧自由基能力(IC5057.5 mg/L);而带有MBP标签的重组别藻蓝蛋白亚基MBPα-APC和MBPβ-APC和MBP-APC(rAPC)则无明显的清除能力。结果首次证实了脱辅基蛋白具有清除氢过氧自由基能力,因而在天然藻胆蛋白中脱辅基蛋白是清除自由基的贡献者之一,这为进一步研究重组别藻蓝蛋白的抗肿瘤机理提供了线索。     

海藻酸裂解酶基因在毕赤酵母中的表达及重组酶性质的初步研究

褐球固氮菌(Azotobacter chroococcum)是一种海藻酸降解菌.本实验采用PCR的方法,以褐球固氮菌基因组DNA为模板,克隆出约1.05 kb的海藻酸裂解酶基因algL的成熟蛋白编码序列,并将其插入巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-algL.重组质粒线性化后用聚乙二醇(PEG)法导入毕赤酵母菌株GS115中,获得高效分泌表达海藻酸裂解酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株.用甲醇诱导培养基进行摇瓶发酵,表达得到43 kDa的目的蛋白,酶活力可达1 400 U/cm3左右.经测定,该重组酶的最适反应pH为8.5,最适反应温度为40℃,并且在20~55℃,pH2.0~11.0具有较好的稳定性.另外,10 mmol/cm3的Cu2+,Fe2+,Co2+,Mn2+和Ca2+对酶有不同程度的抑制作用.     

凡纳滨对虾翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin的毕赤酵母表达及其对血细胞免疫反应的影响

翻译控制肿瘤蛋白Fortilin是1种多功能蛋白,参与重要的细胞活动.并且,对虾fortilin通过抑制病毒复制干扰病毒感染.参照Genbank中fortilin基因序列设计引物,PCR扩增得到凡纳滨对虾fortilin目的基因片段,EcoR I/XbaI双酶切插入表达载体pGAPZαA,转化大肠杆菌,经博来霉素(Zeocin)抗性筛选及测序分析,获得分泌型重组酵母表达载体pGAPZαA-F.酶切线性化后,经电穿孔法转入毕赤酵母细胞X-33,经Zeocin抗性筛选,得到阳性转化子.表达产物的上清液经SDS- PAGE电泳和质谱分析,表明在酵母中成功表达fortilin.以体外原代培养的对虾血细胞检测重组蛋白的免疫活性,结果显示重组蛋白显著提高了血细胞酚氧化酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性.该结果为下一步研究重组fortilin 在对虾养殖中的应用奠定了基础.     

重组别藻蓝蛋白的超快能量传递过程

藻胆体是红、蓝藻特有的光合作用捕光天线复合物。别藻蓝蛋白(APC)是组成藻胆体高效能量传递的核心结构的主要成分。本文以基因重组的别藻蓝蛋白(rAPC)的单体和三聚体为材料,通过稳态光谱、圆二色光谱以及超快时间分辨光谱研究了rAPC的结构构象和能量传递过程。结果表明,rAPC在测试条件下能保持和天然APC一致的光谱特性和活性构象;rAPC单体组装成三聚体后,其α84PCB和β84PCB可以组成激子色素对,通过激子分裂提高三聚体的能量传递效率;超快时间分辨光谱结果显示,在rAPC三聚体中,能量从620 nm传至650 nm的时间为300～600 fs,同时存在着19 fs的激子态的电子退相干过程。这些结果为揭示藻胆体的高效能量传递机制提供了数据基础。     

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中桩周土强度弱化研究

海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。     

Phylogenetic diversity and phenotypic characterization of cultivable bacterioplankton isolated from polar oceans

A set of 27 marine planktonic bacteria isolated from the polar regions was characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. More than half of these bacteria were positive for caseinase, gelatinase and 13-glucosidase, and could utilize glucose, maltose or malic acid as carbon source for cell growth. Twelve isolates expressed nitrate reduction activities. Except for one antarctic isolate BSwlO175 belonging to Actinobacteria phylum, these isolates were classified as γ-Proteobacteria, suggesting that γ-Proteobacteria dominated in cultivable marine bacterioplankton at both poles. Genus Pseudoalteromonas was the predominant group in the Chukchi Sea and the Bering Sea, and genus ShewaneUa dominated in cultivable bacterioplankton in the Prydz Bay. With sequence similarities above 97%, genus Psychrobacter was found at both poles. These 27 isolates were psychrotolerant, and significant 16S rDNA sequence similarities were found not only between arctic and antarctic marine bacteria （ 〉 99% ）, but also between polar marine bacteria and bacteria from other aquatic environments （ ≥ 98.8% ）, including temperate ocean, deep sea, pond and lake, suggesting that in the polar oceans less temperature-sensitive bacteria may be cosmopolitan and have a bipolar, even global, distribution at the species level.     

Estimation of Sediment Properties during Benthic Impact Experiments

Sediment properties, such as water content and density, have been used to estimate the dry and wet weights, as well as the volume of sediment recovered and discharged, during benthic impact experiments conducted in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The estimates show that the weights of dry (355-1332 t) and wet sediment (1651-4888 t) recovered during the experiments, are not only a function of the total duration and distance covered during the experiment, but also depend on water content and density of the sediment. Estimation of dry sediment and its volumetric ratio in the discharge, are key parameters for calculating the discharged volume. The estimated volume of wet sediment recovered (1427-4049 m 3 ) as well as discharged (2693-6951 m 3 ) during the experiments, provide important inputs to evaluate the sediment resettlement and migration. Using these estimates, the average depth of excavation on the seafloor, can also been calculated. However, the stages of sediment recovery and discharge are expressed differently in some of the experiments. In order to standardize these, different stages have been identified, and definitions of certain terms have been suggested, for use in the future. The methods of calculating different properties, as well as weight and volume of discharged sediment are described in the paper for use in other applications concerning deep-sea discharges.     

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.     

利用中国GF-3卫星SAR和HY-2A卫星微波散射计的首次台风联合定量观测

<正>The typhoon,as a mature tropical cyclone that develops in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean with high wind speed and heavy rainfall,is one of the most lethal and costly of natural disasters for the densely populated countries of East Asia.It can be easily detected by space-borne sensors operated at microwave,visible or infrared bands(Liu et al.,2014).Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)is     

离子交换—原子吸收光谱法测定海水中痕量铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰

本文介绍了用国产D401型螯合树脂分离富集海水中铜、铅、锌、镉、铁、锰等痕量元素,并用原子吸收光谱仪测定其含量的方法。讨论了各元素的分离条件选择及干扰元素的影响,并与溶剂萃取法的结果作了比较。各元素检测的定量下限为:铜0.5μg/L、铅0.1μg/L、锌1.0μg/L、镉0.01μg/L、铁2.0μg/L、锰2.0μg/L。方法精密度在4—8％之间,回收率为90—102％。     

Biogeochemistry of Mangrove Soil Organic Matter: a Comparison BetweenRhizophoraandAvicenniaSoils in South-eastern Brazil

Soil core samples fromRhizophora mangleL. andAvicennia schauerianaStapf & Leech forests from south-eastern Brazil were analysed for their total organic matter content and their sugars, amino acid and amino sugars composition. Organic carbon and nitrogen contents were higher inAvicenniathan inRhizophorasoils. The contribution of sugars and amino acids to the total organic carbon pool was constant with depth inRhizophorasoils whereas inAvicenniasoils it increased. Spectral distribution of sugars and amino acids showed a dominance of Ca-affine monomers, particularly acidic amino acids, and the sugar arabinose. Biogeochemical indicators derived from ratios of individual sugar and amino acid monomers confirm previous studies which showed that organic matter in both soils is mainly of mangrove origin. The results further suggest accumulation of organic matter inRhizophorasoils and a continuing degradation of organic matter inAvicenniasoils. The latter may thus release more nutrients to adjacent ecosystems thanRhizophorasoils.     

A review of orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus fisheries,estimation methods,biology and stock structure

Orange roughy Hoplostethus atlanticus are unusual fish. They form dense aggregations that have fuelled lucrative fisheries at great depths (600–1 400 m), especially off Namibia, New Zealand and Australia. They are thought to be very long-lived (>100 years, maturity at 22 – 40 years), and to have exceptionally low natural mortality (M = 0.045–0.064 year^?1) and slow growth rates (K = 0.055–0.070 year^?1). In addition, they spawn large eggs and have low fecundity. These factors combine to make orange roughy highly susceptible to overfishing; most stocks are below 30% of pristine levels. Assessments are obtained from indices of catch rate and trawl, acoustic and egg surveys. Acoustic estimates are the most direct, but are confounded by the species' low target strength (?50 to ?53 dB)–attributable to the wax-filled swim bladder. Extracellular wax esters are stored in abundance and comprise mostly mono-unsaturated fatty acids, with low concentrations of the ω-3 fatty acid family. This unusual composition (resultant from the species' diet) ensures neutral buoyancy. Stock separation has been inferred mainly from biological studies, but genetic studies have also found differences among stocks within New Zealand and Australia. Deep-water habitat may be damaged by trawling operations and may take many years to recover, so in some quarters there is a call for a portion of suitable habitat to be set aside for preservation. Although Namibian orange roughy are shallower, smaller and younger than those in other stocks, the Namibian fishery sustained high catches for only a few years before quotas were reduced, from 12 000 to 1 875 tons. Three management lessons are suggested for developing orange roughy fisheries based on the Namibian experience: (1) imposition of catch limits during exploratory fishing; (2) starting the acoustic surveys earlier in the fishery, if possible; (3) greater reliance on trends in catch rate until a survey series has been established.