DP600/AZ31无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊轴肩下压量对接头性能的影响

根据无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊焊接过程的特点,建立了简化的热输入数值模型,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS模拟出1mm DP600镀锌钢板和2mm AZ31镁合金板搭接无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊过程中的温度场,进而耦合得到不同轴肩下压量下焊接材料的应力场及变形量;通过对比分析不同轴肩下压量下接头横截面处宏观形貌的模拟结果与试验结果,总结得到接头界面迁移量的演变规律及其对接头力学性能的影响,从而为后续工艺试验参数的选取提供了科学依据。     

工艺参数对钛/铝搅拌摩擦点焊成形及拉剪性能影响

对3 mm厚的TC4钛合金和3 mm厚的2A14铝合金进行直插式搅拌摩擦点焊试验,通过对各种工艺条件下的点焊接头焊点表面形貌观察和剪切拉伸试验。分析了不同工艺参数对点焊接头形貌和拉剪性能的影响。结果表明:在本次试验研究范围内,随着搅拌头旋转速度、轴肩下压量和停留时间等工艺参数变量的增加,焊点表面成型变好;当工艺参数增加的过大时,焊点表面成型又会重新变差。搅拌头旋转速度、轴肩下压量和停留时间等工艺参数对点焊接头剪切拉伸强度的影响都是随着该变量的增加呈现先增大后减小趋势;当搅拌头旋转转速为950 r/min、停留时间为9 s和轴肩下压量为0.3 mm时,焊点表面成型较好,此时接头的剪切拉伸载荷达到最大值,为7.262 k N。     

轴肩下压量对搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头力学性能的影响

采用表面为右螺纹圆柱型搅拌针的搅拌头对3mm厚LY12铝合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊搭接试验,研究了轴肩下压量对接头界面迁移和搭接接头力学性能的影响.结果表明,随轴肩下压量增大,焊缝两侧的搭接界面均向下迁移,其迁移量随下压量的增加而增加,焊缝返回侧的界面迁移量大于前进侧.控制轴肩下压量,当轴肩下压量合适时,焊缝两侧的界面仅发生较小的迁移.当焊缝两侧的界面仅发生较小的迁移量时,搭接接头有较高的抗剪强度,且断裂都发生在上板,呈正断.焊缝两侧的搭接界面向下迁移时,断裂都发生在下板,接头抗剪强度随界面迁移高度的增加而减小,且受拉侧在下板前进侧时,接头的抗剪强度较受拉侧在下板返回侧时的高.     

镁钢无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数对接头扩散程度的影响

对DP600镀锌钢板和AZ31B镁合金板进行无匙孔搅拌摩擦搭接点焊试验,利用正交试验确定影响因素主次和最优试验方案,在最优焊接工艺下接头的拉伸载荷达到10.1 kN.通过分析接头宏观、微观形貌及界面元素分布,探讨不同工艺参数对接头元素扩散程度的影响,结果表明,搅拌区镁钢存在“弯钩”状的机械互锁结构,形成牢固的机械连接;扩散区镁钢发生了元素扩散,最优工艺参数下扩散层厚度为8 μm;在一定的范围内,增大搅拌头转速、轴肩下压量和搅拌针伸出量,可以促进元素之间的扩散,提高接头连接性能.     

树脂基复合材料/铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头成形及性能研究

用搅拌摩擦焊方法对树脂基复合材料与铝合金进行了搭接试验,研究了轴肩下压量对接头成形及力学性能的影响。结果表明:利用搅拌摩擦焊方法可以实现这两种材料的搭接,其界面结合机制为机械结合;轴肩下压量对接头成形和性能具有重要的影响,采用合适的轴肩下压量可形成成形良好、无宏观缺陷的焊接接头;SEM观察表明,接头界面存在的微裂纹可能是接头力学性能不太理想的主要原因。     

7075铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦点焊接头力学性能研究

采用正交试验法对7075铝合金薄板搅拌摩擦点焊工艺参数进行了优化,分析了点焊接头的成形情况,测试了接头的抗拉强度和焊点的硬度,分析了接头冶金结合面积与最大抗拉载荷之间的关系.结果表明,焊接停留时间对焊点抗拉强度的影响最显著,其次是搅拌头旋转速度,而轴肩下压量的影响最小.焊接工艺参数为:停留时间6s、下压量0.2mam、旋转速度1 500 r/min时,焊点最大抗拉载荷为6.07 kN,焊点表面成形良好,冶金结合程度最佳,焊点硬度分布呈“W”形,热影响区硬度值最低.     

7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头界面成形与力学性能

为了研究7B04高强铝合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头的界面成形与力学性能,对2 mm厚薄板搭接接头进行了不同工艺参数的搅拌摩擦焊接。试验结果表明:当旋转速度和轴肩下压量不变,焊接速度在50~300 mm/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减;当旋转速度和焊接速度不变,轴肩下压量在0.1~0.4 mm之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度逐渐增大;当焊接速度和轴肩下压量不变,旋转速度在400~1000 r/min之间变化时,接头的抗拉强度先增后减。当旋转速度为600 r/min、焊接速度为200 mm/min、轴肩下压量为0.3 mm时,接头强度最高。     

镁-钢异种金属无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊工艺的研究

采用自行研制的无匙孔搅拌摩擦点焊方法对3mm厚AZ31B镁板和1mm厚DP600镀锌钢板异种金属进行搭接焊接(钢板在上,镁板在下),研究了其焊接工艺参数对焊点成形及力学性能的影响.通过正交试验结果分析表明:参数因素影响从主到次为:B(轴肩下压量)→A(搅拌头旋转速度)→C(搅拌针直径).在焊接时间一定时,确定了搅拌针伸出量为1.8～2.0mm、转速为1200～1500r/min、轴肩下压量为0.1～0.3mm、搅拌针直径为5.5～6.0mm时,得到的接头表面成形较好,接头剪切力均能达到7.5kN以上.     

7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化

接头强度是搅拌摩擦焊接头性能的一个重要指标,通过搅拌头旋转频率、焊接速度和轴肩下压量等焊接工艺参数的不同组合制备了35个7A52焊接试板,对试板进行拉伸试验检测了接头的抗拉强度,建立并分析了焊接接头抗拉强度与焊接工艺参数之间的回归模型,搅拌头旋转频率n,焊接速度v和轴肩下压量d<,ta>单独变化时,接头抗拉强度都有峰值...     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊工艺

在铝合金传统搅拌摩擦点焊的基础上,以提高点焊接头力学性能为目标,提出"搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊"技术.其基本工艺原理是,搅拌头沿交叉轨迹做极短距离的往复式搅拌摩擦焊,以实现高性能的点焊连接.对4mm板厚5A02-H14铝合金进行"搅拌摩擦焊-交叉点焊"试验及分析.结果表明,该工艺可大大拓宽点焊接头的连接面积,并显著降低搭接界面畸变和匙孔处材料缺失的不利影响,与传统搅拌摩擦点焊相比,该工艺能够显著提高铝合金点焊接头的抗剪切性能.     

Analysis of process parameters effects on dissimilar friction stir welding of AA1100 and A441 AISI steel

Abstract

A prominent benefit of friction stir welding process is to join plates with dissimilar material. In this study, an attempt is made to find effects of tool offset, plunge depth, welding traverse speed and tool rotational speed on tensile strength, microhardness and material flow in dissimilar friction stir welding of AA1100 aluminium alloy and A441 AISI steel plates. Here, one factor at a time experimental design was utilised for conducting the experiments. Results indicated the strongest joint obtained at 1·3?mm tool offset and 0·2?mm plunge depth when the tool rotational speed and linear speed were 800?rev min^??1 and 63?mm min^??1 respectively. The maximum tensile strength of welded joints with mentioned optimal parameters was 90% aluminium base metal. Fracture locations in tensile test at all samples were in aluminium sides. Owing to the formation of intermetallic compounds at high tool rotational speed, the microhardness of joint interface goes beyond that of A441 AISI steel.     

Friction stir welding of aluminium lap joint by tool without probe

A friction stir welding process, with a rotating tool without a probe, was employed and applied to a lap joint of aluminium plate. The thickness of the aluminium plates was 0.5 mm. New tool shapes were developed. The tops of the tool were dome shaped. In this process, the rotating tool was plunged into the aluminium plate. The tool-rotating axis was vertical to the specimen surface, and then moved in the welding direction at a speed of 20 mm/s. Tool rotation speed was 18,000 rpm.

At tool plunge depths of 0.1 mm or over, it was possible to weld the two plates. At tool plunge depth of 0.1 mm, its joint was fractured at the weld interface. At tool plunge depth of 0.2 mm or over, the joints were fractured at the stir zone of the upper plate or the heat affected zone of the lower plate. Based on observation of the hardness profiles and the thickness change of the weld area, controlling factors of the joint strength are discussed.     

Effect of Sleeve Plunge Depth on Interface/Mechanical Characteristics in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welded Joint

Refill friction stir spot welding was employed to produce 6061-T6 aluminum alloy joints with different sleeve plunge depths.The interface characteristics of joint-line remnant and hook are investigated by optical and scanning electron microscopy.The joint-line remnant consists of primary bonding region and secondary bonding region,and two types of hook can be identified as downward hook and upward hook.Tensile shear results demonstrate that joint-line remnant and hook make interaction effects on tensile shear properties.The optimal joint is achieved when sleeve plunge depth was 2.0 mm with the corresponding failure load of 8673.4 N.Three different types of fracture mode are exhibited in joints produced at different sleeve plunge depths,which are closely related with the morphology of interface characteristics.     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Double-Side Friction Stir Welds Between Medium-Thick 6061-T6 Aluminum and Pure Copper Plates

It is difficult to achieve Al/Cu dissimilar welds with good mechanical properties for medium-thick plates due to the inherent high heat generation rate at the shoulder-workpiece contact interface in conventional friction stir welding. Thus, double-side friction stir welding is innovatively applied to join 12-mm medium-thick 6061-T6 aluminum alloy and pure copper dissimilar plates, and the effect of welding speeds on the joint microstructure and mechanical properties of Al/Cu welds is systematically analyzed. It reveals that a sound Al/Cu joint without macroscopic defects can be achieved when the welding speed is lower than 180 mm/min, while a nonuniform relatively thick intermetallic compound (IMC) layer is formed at the Al/Cu interface, resulting in lots of local microcracks within the first-pass weld under the plunging force of the tool during friction stir welding of the second-pass, and seriously deteriorates the mechanical properties of the joint. With the increase of welding speed to more than 300 mm/min void defects appear in the joint, but the joint properties are still better than the welds performed at low welding speed conditions since a continuous uniform thin IMCs layer is formed at the Al/Cu interface. The maximum tensile strength and elongation of Al/Cu weld are, respectively, 135.11 MPa and 6.06%, which is achieved at the welding speed of 400 mm/min. In addition, due to the influence of welding distortion of the first-pass weld, the second-pass weld is more prone to form void defects than the first-pass weld when the same plunge depth is applied on both sides. The double-side friction stir welding is proved to be a good method for dissimilar welding of medium-thick Al/Cu plates.     

塑料板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺研究

主要对塑料板的搅拌摩擦焊工艺进行了探索,研究了主要的工艺参数（包括搅拌头的形状、搅拌头的旋转速度、焊接速度、轴肩下压量和主轴倾角）对塑料焊缝成形的影响,并对焊后成形较好的试样进行了力学性能试验和焊缝横截面的宏观分析.结果表明,当工艺参数选择合适时,可以得到光滑、美观和无缺陷的焊缝,接头的抗拉强度可达到母材的90%以上.     

异种铝合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊的组织与性能

选用6061-T6与7075-T6铝合金为研究对象,研究异种合金回填式搅拌摩擦点焊接头的组织和拉剪性能. 将7075铝合金作为上板,主要讨论套筒下扎深度对接头成形和性能的影响. 结果表明,当套筒刚扎透上板时,接头内部无缺陷产生. 随着套筒下扎深度的增大,接头内部会出现孔洞、撕裂和未充分回填等缺陷. 当使用较小的套筒扎入量时,决定接头性能的关键位置,即钩状缺陷处和焊点中心搭接面处的结合情况良好. 接头的断裂载荷随着套筒下扎深度的增大先增大后减小,最大载荷在深度为3.4 mm时达到7 236 N.     

Reducing bubbles in friction lap welded joint of magnesium alloy and polyamide

The direct joining between AZ31B Mg alloy and MC Nylon 6 using friction lap welding (FLW) was performed over a wide range of welding parameters to clarify the effect of welding parameters on bubble formation for the purpose of obtaining high strength hybrid joints without bubbles. The volume of bubbles in the FLW joints was influenced by the amount of gases generated due to the pyrolysis of Nylon 6 and the amount of gases squeezed out of the joints during welding. An appropriate increase in welding speed, tool rotation rate and plunge depth can reduce the volume of bubbles. Strong FLW joint with area fraction of bubbles <8% was obtained after welding process optimisation.     

铝合金无减薄搅拌摩擦焊工艺优化及特征分析

为提高无减薄搅拌摩擦焊接头力学性能,基于响应面法对参数进行优化,建立了响应面模型,并对模型进行回归分析. 结果表明,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊是成形优良的焊接工艺,而且焊接参数对接头拉伸性能影响明显,其中主轴转速及焊接速度对其影响更为显著. 在无缺陷条件下,提高主轴转速的同时选取适中的焊接速度,以得到性能更优的焊接接头. 焊接参数为主轴转速1 000 r/min,焊接速度200 mm/min、轴肩下压量0.25 mm时,接头的抗拉强度最大为363 MPa,为母材的94.3%,断后伸长率11.2%. 而且相比于常规搅拌摩擦焊,无减薄搅拌摩擦焊在厚度方向上的性能更加均匀.     

TC4线性摩擦焊接头微观特征

对TC4线性摩擦焊接过程中的接头微观结构形态特征进行了分析,研究了接头微观特征参数随时间的变化趋势.结果表明,焊接过程为接头界面融合过程,界面呈现完全焊合区、过渡区及完全未焊合区3个区域.完全焊合区内界面完全融合、晶粒细小,为动态再结晶组织.过渡区内界面部分融合,有微孔出现.完全未焊合区内两侧金属未接触,夹杂着金属碎渣,晶粒无变形.振动方向飞边与垂直振动方向飞边分离是导致接头出现三叉形貌特征的原因.摩擦压力及顶锻力有使三叉形貌枝叉"闭合"的趋势,而摩擦剪切力有使三叉形貌枝叉"张开"的趋势.