700MPa级低合金高强钢低匹配焊接接头组织和性能研究

按照低匹配设计原则,采用熔化极气体保护焊对屈服强度为700 MPa级的低合金高强钢进行了焊接。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和力学性能试验研究了焊接接头的组织和性能。结果表明,焊缝区组织主要为针状铁素体和少量先共析铁素体,粗晶热影响区组织为上贝氏体;焊缝区显微硬度明显低于母材,焊缝区-40℃时的冲击韧度(AKV)为58 J,抗拉强度达到了母材抗拉强度的92.4%,焊接接头的综合力学性能良好。     

X90钢直缝埋弧焊管焊接接头的组织和性能

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜分析了某厂生产的X90钢管线钢焊接接头的显微组织,通过硬度试验和冲击试验测试了其硬度和韧性变化规律。试验结果显示,其焊缝为针状铁素体和粒状贝氏体组织,熔合区和粗晶区为粗大粒状贝氏体组织,细晶区为多边形铁素体、珠光体和MA组织,混晶区为粒状贝氏体、多边形铁素体、珠光体和MA的混合组织;热影响区有局部硬化和软化现象,且内焊缝硬度高于外焊缝;试验温度高于-20 ℃时,热影响区的冲击吸收能量和剪切断面率高于焊缝,低于-40～-20 ℃区间某个值后,冲击性能将降低至焊缝性能以下;热影响区的韧脆转变温度约在-50 ℃附近,而焊缝的韧脆转变温度约在-70 ℃附近。     

X80螺旋埋弧焊管的性能分析

在X80管线钢卷板的性能符合西气东输要求的情况下,研究了其螺旋埋弧焊管的组织形貌、力学性能和维氏硬度.研究表明:X80管线钢螺旋焊管焊接接头形貌良好,焊缝、热影响区的晶粒细小,组织合理:力学性能优良,-10℃管体、焊缝和热影响区的冲击功分别为267、147和96J,剪切面积分别为98%、78%、49%,0℃管体DWTT剪切面积为100%;硬度均低于275HV10,各项指标均满足西气东输X80管线钢螺旋焊管要求.     

X80管线钢双焊炬自动焊接头微观组织和力学性能研究

对准φ1219 mm×18.4 mm的X80管线钢进行全自动下向焊试验,采用双焊炬进行填充、盖面焊。对X80管线钢接头的组织和力学性能进行了分析。结果表明,热影响区粗晶区以粗大的板条状贝氏体铁素体(BF)为主,BF板条间分布有少量的M-A组元,硬度较高;细晶区组织主要是多边形铁素体(PF)和少量贝氏体(B),两者分布较均匀,硬度较小。外层焊缝组织主要是晶内形核的针状铁素体(AF);内层焊缝组织中除了有AF和PF外,还有少量粗大的镐牙状侧板条(FSP)铁素体析出;中部焊缝组织与外层焊缝的相差不大,只是晶粒更细小,析出物数量更多。在-20℃时,热影响区平均冲击功为181 J,断口呈韧性断裂;焊缝区的平均冲击韧性为157 J,断口为韧脆混合断裂,焊缝中形成的镐牙状侧板条铁素体及氧化物夹杂降低了韧性。     

1.4003铁素体不锈钢与耐候钢对接焊试验结果及分析

采用MAG焊对1.4003铁素体不锈钢与Q345NQR2耐候钢进行对接焊,通过对焊接接头进行力学性能试验、金相组织分析、显微硬度测试、冲击试验等,研究1.4003铁素体不锈钢与Q345NQR2耐候钢2种钢的焊接工艺。结果表明：1.4003铁素体不锈钢与Q345NQR2耐候钢对接接头的力学性能良好;焊缝显微组织为奥氏体+铁素体双相组织,对焊缝的力学性能有一定的改善;1.4003不锈钢侧热影响区为粗大的多边形铁素体晶粒,Q345NQR2钢侧热影响区为片层状珠光体组织+白色铁素体;焊缝组织主要为奥氏体,硬度有所升高,1.4003不锈钢侧粗晶区由于铁素体晶粒粗大,硬度有所下降;Q345NQR2耐候钢侧热影响区粗晶区为珠光体和残余奥氏体,硬度与焊缝的相差不大;对接接头室温和-40℃下的冲击性能均比较好。     

核电站钢衬里壁板安装脉冲TIG自动焊试验

采用脉冲TIG自动焊对6 mm厚核电站钢衬里壁板用钢P265GH进行横焊、立焊试验,并分析焊接接头的组织和力学性能。结果表明:钢衬里壁板对接焊采用I形坡口和适当的焊接工艺,能够得到成形良好且无缺陷的焊接接头;横焊和立焊焊接接头的焊缝组织均主要为侧板条铁素体(FSP)+针状铁素体(AF)+晶界铁素体(GBF)+粒状贝氏体(GB),粗晶热影响区(CGHAZ)组织均主要为侧板条铁素体(FSP)+上贝氏体(UB)+晶界铁素体(GBF)。横焊和立焊焊接接头的力学性能试验结果表明,其横向抗拉强度均≥470 MPa,断裂位置均位于母材;焊缝的0℃冲击功吸收均≥130 J,热影响区的0℃冲击吸收功均≥140 J;焊接接头硬度均≤HV10350,未出现硬化倾向;焊接接头弯曲试样均未出现裂纹,焊接接头的力学性能符合RCC-M标准要求。     

X100管线钢焊接接头组织及力学性能分析

采用埋弧焊对X100管线钢板施焊,分析焊接接头组织及力学性能。结果表明:X100管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头焊缝区组织为针状铁素体(AF)、先共析铁素体(PF)、粒状贝氏体和部分镐牙状侧板板条铁素体(FSP);HAZ组织为粒状贝氏体和铁素体;焊接接头平均抗拉强度为796.3 MPa,与母材组织达到了等强匹配;冲击功平均为133 J,剪切面积百分比平均为72%。焊缝冲击断口为脆性断裂,河流状花样明显。Mg O、Al2O3夹杂物呈树枝状析出,引起了多个二次裂纹,降低了韧性。     

焊后热处理温度对G115/T92异种钢接头组织及力学性能的影响

利用钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)和手工电弧焊(SMAW),采用767、774、790℃3种焊后热处理温度对G115/T92异种钢进行焊接试验,并利用光学显微镜、显微硬度仪、拉伸试验机、冲击试验机等对焊接接头的显微组织及力学性能进行研究。结果表明:接头焊缝、热影响区均为典型的回火马氏体组织,T92钢侧熔合线附近δ-铁素体的体积分数分别为0. 3%、0. 1%、0. 1%。随着焊后热处理温度升高,显微硬度、室温强度降低,焊缝冲击吸收能量增大,室温强度和冲击吸收能量均符合母材标准要求。室温拉伸断裂均发生在T92钢侧母材,650℃高温断口位于T92钢侧不完全相变区。推荐焊后热处理温度为(770±5)℃,偏上限控制。     

X80管线钢的接头组织和力学性能研究

以X80管线钢为研究对象,通过对X80管线钢采用气保焊封底+全自动焊填充、盖面(工艺1)和气保焊封底+自保护药芯半自动焊填充、盖面(工艺2) 2种焊接工艺,并且对其焊接接头试样进行显微组织分析、力学性能、冲击和硬度试验。结果发现,工艺2的焊缝区显微组织主要由马氏体和奥氏体组成,其中马氏体主要形态为准多边形铁素体,奥氏体则主要分布在铁素体的晶内及晶界上。工艺2的焊接接头盖面层和根焊层的硬度均小于工艺1焊接接头相同部位的硬度。工艺2的焊接接头比工艺1的焊接接头具有更高的抗拉强度、更高的焊缝冲击吸收功和较低的焊接接头硬度。     

X80管线钢热丝TIG焊接接头显微组织和力学性能

采用热丝TIG焊对X80钢板进行对接,并研究了接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:焊缝区主要为针状铁素体(AF)组织,热影响区粗晶区主要为贝氏体铁素体(BF)和粒状贝氏体(GB)组织,细晶区主要是多边形铁素体(PF)和少量贝氏体组成;焊接接头的平均抗拉强度为643 MPa,断裂在母材区;在-30℃时焊缝区的冲击吸收功高于热影响区,焊缝主要是韧脆混合断裂为主,而HAZ主要以脆性断裂为主。焊缝区的硬度较高,焊接接头HAZ存在硬化和软化现象。     

La2O3对MGH956合金TIG焊焊缝组织和性能的影响

为了研究La₂O₃对焊缝组织和性能的影响,分别以未填加、填加2%和4%La₂O₃的填充材料对MGH956合金进行TIG焊接,应用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜对焊缝的微观组织和拉伸断口进行观察,同时测试焊缝的抗拉强度.结果表明,适当提高La₂O₃含量,可以使焊缝晶粒得到细化,填加2%La₂O₃的焊缝晶粒最细小均匀,焊缝中的颗粒相增多且分布均匀,强化机制是由细晶强化和Orowan强化共同作用,但当La₂O₃加入量达到4%时,发现颗粒相有团聚现象,强化主要由位错塞积引起.填加2%La₂O₃的焊缝抗拉强度最大,为628 MPa,拉伸断口为韧-脆混合断裂.     

Influences of annealing temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La2O3

Influences of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mo-La₂O₃ were investigated. Effects of annealing temperature on tensile properties, fracture toughness, and microhardness are discussed. Microstructure and fracture morphology of Mo alloys are observed by optical microscope, SEM, and TEM. The results indicate that grain size increased while tensile strength, fracture toughness, and microhardness decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Larger La₂O₃ particles are located at grain boundaries or sub-boundaries, while the majority of smaller La₂O₃ particles are located within the grain. The strengthening effect is quantitatively assessed, which yielded a predicted yield strength in good agreement with measurements.     

Effect of rare earth La2O3 on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC/W composites

In this study, La₂O₃ was investigated as an additive to TiC/W composites. The composites were prepared by vacuum hot pressing, and the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. Experimental results show that the grain size of the TiC/W composites is reduced by TiC particles. When 0.5 wt.% La₂O₃ is added to the composites, the grain size is reduced further. According to TEM analysis, La₂O₃ can alleviate the aggregation of TiC particles. With La₂O₃ addition, the relative density of the TiC/W composites can be improved from 95.1% to 96.5%. The hardness and elastic modulus of the TiC/W + 0.5 wt.% La₂O₃ composite are little improved, but the flexural strength and the fracture toughness increase to 796 MPa and 10.07 MPa·m^1/2 respectively, which are higher than those of the TiC/W composites.     

Mechanical behaviors of alumina ceramics doped with rare-earth oxides

The effects of three types of additives Y₂O₃, La₂O₃, and Sm₂O₃ on the sintering and mechanical behaviors of alumina ceramics were investigated. The bending strengths of alumina ceramics with Sm₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ additions were 455 and 439 MPa, respectively, higher than that with La₂O₃ addition. The fracture toughness of the ceramics with Sm₂O₃ and Y₂O₃ were also higher than that with La₂O₃ addition. The fracture mode of rare earth oxides doped alumina ceramics exhibited obvious transgranular fractures as well as intergranular fracture. The results of research show that the improvement of bending strength and fracture toughness of alumina ceramics with rare earth oxides was achieved by refining the grain size and strengthening the grain boundary.     

Synthesis and Properties of La2O3-Doped 8 mol% Yttria-Stabilized Cubic Zirconia

In this study, 8 mol% yttria-stabilized cubic zirconia (8YSZ) powder as a matrix material and 0-15 wt.% La₂O₃ powder as an additive were used to determine the effect of La₂O₃ addition and its amount on the phase stability, microstructure, sintering, and mechanical properties of 8YSZ. Colloidal processing was used to mix the powders uniformly and to obtain a homogenous microstructure. XRD results showed the existence of only a cubic crystal structure for 1 and 5 wt.% La₂O₃ addition amounts. However, La₂Zr₂O₇ with a hexagonal and cubic crystal structure was observed in 8YSZ specimens doped with 10 and 15 wt.% La₂O₃. Further, up to 5 wt.% La₂O₃ was completely dissolved in the crystal structure of the specimens; however, above 5 wt.%, La₂O₃ reacted with 8YSZ at high temperatures and formed pyrochloric La₂Zr₂O₇. Grain size measurements revealed that the grain size of 8YSZ increased up to 1 wt.% La₂O₃ addition, and then decreased beyond this amount. The hardness and fracture toughness of 8YSZ decreased and increased, respectively, with the increasing La₂O₃ amount.     

Effects of La<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Resistance of H62 Brass

In this article, the effects of lanthanum oxide (La₂O₃) on the microstructure and mechanical properties of H62 brass were investigated by using the universal testing machine, Brinell hardness tester, optical microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Immersion corrosion and electrochemical measurements were carried out to identify the influence of La₂O₃ on the corrosion behavior of the H62 brass. The phase constitution, microstructure, and phase composition of the H62 brass were analyzed by x-ray diffraction, SEM, and energy-dispersive spectrometer, respectively. The results show that the microstructure of α phase changes from dendrite grains to equiaxed grains, and the content and distribution of β phase are improved significantly. When the La₂O₃ content reaches 0.8 wt.%, the H62 brass obtains favorable comprehensive mechanical properties and the strength and hardness decrease but elongation increases, which is conducive to plastic processing. In addition, under the optimum amount of 0.8 wt.% La₂O₃ content, the corrosion rate of immersion corrosion attains the minimum values: As 12.6 g m^?2 h^?1, it decreases by 24%; as the corrosion potential changes from ?1.1327 V to ?0.328 V, it increases by 70.9%; and as the corrosion current density decreases from ?2.833 mA mm^?2 to ?3.28 mA mm^?2 corrosion, it decreases by 15.78%, when compared with H62 brass.     

SiCp/AlMMCs填充含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB2原位增强焊丝与4047焊丝的TIG焊研究

使用自制的含Sc、Ce、Be的TiB₂原位增强与4047焊丝为填充材料对T6态SiCp/AlMMCs 进行TIG焊,对接头的力学性能、显微组织以及断口形貌和第二相粒子进行分析。结果表明：两种焊丝焊接该种材料的焊缝成型优良,4047焊丝成型更加美观；TiB₂接头的抗拉强度明显优于ER4047接头,平均强度达到171.88MPa,相对于4047接头强度提高40.03%,TiB₂粒子起到了原位增强的作用；两种接头的硬度值在焊缝中心近似呈对称分布,焊缝区硬度最低,平均值分别为：71.65HV、60.02HV,热影响区硬度的“过时效”现象明显；焊缝中SiC颗粒较少,存在严重贫瘠区 ,未发现明显的Al₄C₃脆性物；显微组织都为枝晶组织,但4047接头焊缝枝晶粗大,TiB₂接头焊缝晶粒细小,稀土元素Sc、Ce、Be起到了细化晶粒的作用,且TiB₂粒子在焊缝中分布均匀；TiB2接头断口中气孔较少,为韧-脆性混合性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较多；4047接头断口中气孔较多,为韧性断裂,韧窝中第二相粒子较少。     

Y2O3含量对激光熔覆0.3C-18Cr合金涂层组织和性能的影响

在3Cr14不锈钢基体上激光熔覆制备不同Y₂O₃含量的0.3C-18Cr复合涂层。采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、显微硬度仪等设备研究了不同Y₂O₃含量对熔覆层的微观结构、相组成及硬度的影响。结果表明,未添加Y₂O₃试样熔覆层有较多孔洞,熔覆层组织由晶内铁素体、晶界分布的上贝氏体及少量马氏体组成;加入在3Cr14不锈钢基体上激光熔覆制备不同Y2O3含量的0.3C-18Cr复合涂层。采用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、显微硬度仪等设备研究了不同Y2O3含量对熔覆层的微观结构、相组成及硬度的影响。结果表明,未添加Y2O3试样熔覆层有较多孔洞,熔覆层组织由晶内铁素体、晶界分布的上贝氏体及少量马氏体组成;加入Y2O3后熔覆层枝晶长度减小且数量减少,枝晶尖端钝化且径向粗化,长径比减小,同时熔覆层气孔减少,熔覆层得到净化;熔覆层组织由板条马氏体+晶界少量贝氏体构成;且随Y2O3含量增加,板条马氏体略有粗化,贝氏体数量明显减少,贝氏体碳化物的碳浓度增大,碳化物类型由低碳型碳化物向高碳型碳化物转变。加入Y2O3后,熔覆层显微硬度显著提高,添加2% Y2O3时熔覆层的硬化效果最佳,比未添加Y2O3时增加160 HV0.2。     

铝/钢微束等离子熔钎焊接头组织及力学性能

采用微束等离子焊接方法进行6010铝合金/镀锌钢对接熔钎焊工艺试验,在合适的工艺参数下获得成形良好的铝/钢熔钎焊对接接头,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、拉伸试验机等多种测试手段对所得接头形貌、微观组织及力学性能进行分析. 结果表明,所得接头焊缝正、背面铺展良好,无气孔、裂纹、夹渣等明显缺陷,为典型的铝/钢熔钎焊对接接头;接头界面处形成锯齿状的Fe₂Al₅金属间化合物,且金属间化合物层厚度和焊缝铺展宽度共同决定了接头强度,当焊接电流为38.5 A时,熔钎焊接头抗拉强度为193 MPa,为铝母材的79.8%,接头断裂形式为韧脆混合断裂.     

焊接热输入对2219薄板铝合金焊接接头性能的影响

针对2219薄板铝合金,采用不同焊接热输入的TIG焊开展了对比试验,分析了焊接接头的力学性能、组织形貌和断裂特征。研究结果表明,单道焊比双道焊的接头抗拉强度的平均值提高了19.6%,断后伸长率基本相同;双道焊的接头在熔合线附近,焊缝区形成柱状枝晶,组织大小不一、形状不规则,热影响区晶粒粗化,几何形态变化,组织形态不均匀,接头在焊接温度升高时,晶粒粗化,强度降低,断口呈现了沿晶界撕裂扩展的痕迹,局部呈“河流花样”特征;单道焊的接头在熔合线附近,焊缝区等轴晶分布较多,组织均匀一致,晶粒细小,接头在经历了加热、快速冷却、常温放置后,强化相溶于固溶体,Cu原子扩散、聚集,产生点阵畸变,晶粒得到细化,强度升高,断口呈现了典型的塑形断裂痕迹,韧窝形态明显。