碳/碳复合飞机刹车材料低能摩擦性能研究

研究了碳/碳(简称C/C)复合飞机刹车材料在低能载条件下的摩擦磨损性能,分析了刹车力矩与刹车速度之间关系曲线,探讨了C/C复合材料因能载变化出现摩擦系数最大值的根本原因.结果表明:随着刹车比压增加,摩擦系数最大值下降;低能条件下C/C复合材料摩擦面较粗糙,磨损率约为正常能载下的两倍.     

化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料性能研究

分析了化学气相沉积碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的刹车力矩和刹车速度的关系曲线及影响因素，结果表明，刹车力矩一刹车速度曲线上的初始力矩峰值随着摩擦界面温度的升高而增大，提高材料的石墨化度、改变刹车盘的结构、降低刹车比压的施加速度都可以降低初始力矩峰值，改善Ｃ／Ｃ材料的摩擦性能．Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料具有良好的自润滑性能，其磨损率仅为１．２×１０－３ｍｍ／次．它们具有较高的机械性能和热物理性能，完全可以满足飞机刹车的要求．     

高摩擦学性能碳／碳复合材料研制

探索了高摩热学性能碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料的制备途径，设计出了高摩擦学性能Ｃ／Ｃ材料的组织模型，并按模型制备出了在碳纤维上分布着球状沉积碳组织的Ｃ／Ｃ材料，实验表明：这种Ｃ／Ｃ材料具有良好的摩擦磨损性能，刹车力矩和速度的关系曲线平稳，初始力矩峰值小，摩擦系数适中；磨损率小，摩擦面光滑；试样无分层、碎裂、掉块等失效情况。     

热解碳涂层碳纤维增强碳化硅复合材料热压工艺研究

采用经妥碳涂层的Ｍ４０ＪＢ碳纤维，以有机硅先驱体聚碳硅烷为粘结剂，絷压烧结制备了Ｃｔ／ＳｉＣ复合材料。测试了复合材料的性能并进行了对比，同时运用ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ等分析手段对复合材料的微观结构进行了表生。结果表明，所采用的碳纤维热解碳涂层对复合材料的性能有较大的影响，较好的热压温度为１８５０℃，压力为２５ＭＰａ。     

碳／碳复合材料的发展前景

论述了国内外碳／碳复合材料（Ｃ／Ｃ）的优越性、性能、工艺、应用及其前景。     

碳／碳材料快速CVD工艺结构性能及应用研究

首次提出了快速化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料的工艺模型，设计出制备碳／碳复合材料的新工艺－－快速定向扩散法。这种方法能省去常规制备方法中需多次３人反复进行的中间机加工、高温热工处理工序，缩短制备周期约达１／４，制备的碳／碳复合材料的密度达到１．８５以上。弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别高达２４５ＭＰａ、４９ＧＰａ，氧化起始点将近提高３００℃。深入研究了快速化学气相沉积碳／碳复合材料的组织特征，揭示了工艺、性能和     

原位法表征碳／碳复合材料界面性能的研究

用单丝顶出和束顶出法分别测试了细编穿刺碳／碳（Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料不同层次的界面粘结性能，研究了生产工艺对不同层次界面性能的影响，建立了顶出试验的力学模型，并用有限元方法分析了界面上应力的分布情况，对可能的界面破坏模式进行了预测，为最终优化Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的生产工艺提供了依据。     

碳／碳复合材料在高能刹车副中的应用

碳／碳材料是碳基体用碳纤维增强的复合材料，它具有良好的韧性、导热性和导电性能，耐腐蚀、耐磨蚀性好，大量应用在飞机高能刹车副作热库材料，本文介绍了Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料用作高能刹车热库时，较钢、铍等金属材料有优势。还介绍了Ｃ／Ｃ材料的有关制造方法和抗氧化工艺等。     

碳／碳复合材料及其在航空上的应用前景

本文分四部分论述了碳／碳（以下称为Ｃ／Ｃ）复合材料及其发展形势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的现状，工艺，性能及应用：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的制造工艺及其发展趋势：Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料的抗氧化保护涂层；Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料在航空上的应用前景。最后指出：Ｃ／Ｃ复合将逐渐由短期应用走向长期应用，制造工艺将由长时间走向短时间，抗氧化保护涂层将由单纯的表面涂覆走向立体多重涂覆，成本将大大降低，主要应用范围将逐渐由航天技术的结构功能材料发展     

Carbon′94西班牙国际碳会议论文题录

Ｃａｒｂｏｎ′９４西班牙国际碳会议论文题录大会报告１．碳，能源与环境ＬａｈａｙｅＪ２．碳与含氧分子的反应ＭｏｕｌｉｊｎＪＡ３．Ｃ／Ｃ复合材料中结构与性能的关系ＲｅｌｌｉｃｋＧＳ４．碳作为催化剂及催化剂载休Ｌｏｐｅｚ－ＧｏｎｚａｌｅｚＪＤ５．高密各向同...     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.