琼东南盆地深水区松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征及油气地质意义

利用新三维地震资料对松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带发育特征、形成期次进行研究,并从构造背景及力学机制两个方面探讨反转构造的成因机制。研究结果表明,松南-宝岛凹陷反转构造带主要发育一系列"上凸下凹"的大型褶皱背斜,伴生NWW向弱走滑断裂构造和NNW向张剪构造。反转构造及其伴生构造符合NEE右旋剪切应力场特征,形成时间与东沙运动一致,表明该反转构造带可能受晚中新世南海东北部东沙运动产生的右旋走滑应力场作用控制。反转构造有利于研究区圈闭的重建和改造,对琼东南盆地东部新区油气运移和重新优选分配的认识,具有重要的油气地质意义。     

琼东南盆地深水区陵南低凸起古潜山油气成藏条件

基于琼东南盆地深水区砂岩储层整体欠发育这一地质背景,综合评价了陵南低凸起古潜山领域油气成藏地质条件,并对该区的成藏模式与特征进行了预测和讨论。研究表明,陵南低凸起古潜山由邻近的乐东-陵水富生烃凹陷供烃,被成熟烃源岩包围,具有中生界花岗岩潜山储层与新近系厚层海相泥岩构成的储盖组合,发育大型沟源断裂及与之配置较好的大型继承性构造脊等构成畅通的运聚系统,具有源储压差大、近源直接充注的优势。相较已获勘探成功的松南低凸起古潜山油气藏,其成藏条件更为优越,成藏模式与越南白虎大型古潜山油田和渤海渤中19-6大型古潜山凝析气田具有一定的可类比性。陵南低凸起的石油地质条件切合琼东南盆地深水区“富泥贫砂”的地质背景,可形成大规模、连片性古潜山油气藏,是琼东南盆地中央峡谷水道领域之外又一有利的深水油气勘探新领域。     

琼东南盆地深水区生物礁生长环境及分布特征分析

生物礁储层是一种典型的油气储层,具有非常大的油气勘探潜力.位于南海北部大陆边缘的琼东南盆地,在形成演化过程中出现了有利于生物礁发育的环境.盆地南部深水区远离物源,在构造演化过程中产生了较多的构造隆起,在这些构造隆起的周缘适合生物礁的发育.通过地震资料解释认为,琼东南盆地南部深水区发育有规模大小不等的生物礁,而且这些生物礁的发育与构造演化的阶段可以对应起来,应具有较好的油气勘探潜力.     

琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩生烃动力学及生气模式

In order to investigate the hydrocarbon generation process and gas potentials of source rocks in deepwater area of the Qiongdongnan Basin, kinetic parameters of gas generation(activation energy distribution and frequency factor) of the Yacheng Formation source rocks(coal and neritic mudstones) was determined by thermal simulation experiments in the closed system and the specific KINETICS Software. The results show that the activation energy(Ea) distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 50 to 74 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 2.4×1015 s–1 for the neritic mudstone and the Ea distribution of C1–C5 generation ranges from 49 to 73 kcal/mol with a frequency factor of 8.92×1013 s–1 for the coal. On the basis of these kinetic parameters and combined with the data of sedimentary burial and paleothermal histories, the gas generation model of the Yacheng Formation source rocks closer to geological condition was worked out, indicating its main gas generation stage at Ro(vitrinite reflectance) of 1.25%–2.8%. Meanwhile, the gas generation process of the source rocks of different structural locations(central part, southern slope and south low uplift) in the Lingshui Sag was simulated. Among them, the gas generation of the Yacheng Formation source rocks in the central part and the southern slope of the sag entered the main gas window at 10 and 5 Ma respectively and the peak gas generation in the southern slope occurred at 3 Ma. The very late peak gas generation and the relatively large gas potential indices(GPI:20×108–60×108 m3/km2) would provide favorable conditions for the accumulation of large natural gas reserves in the deepwater area.     

琼东南盆地深水区天然气水合物运聚成藏模式

天然气水合物是当今油气资源研究的热点之一,前人对天然气水合物的理化性质和运聚成藏要素已有详尽的研究,但关于水合物的运聚和成藏过程仍众说纷纭,缺乏系统性归纳和总结。为进一步梳理水合物运聚成藏模式,以期对天然气水合物勘探评价及有利富集区带优选预测等有所裨益,笔者以琼东南盆地天然气水合物运聚成藏为研究重点,结合前人有关琼东南盆地水合物成藏模式的研究基础,深入开展高精度三维地震解释与地质综合分析研究,并根据水合物气源供给的构成特点、运聚方式及产出赋存特征等的差异性,重点对琼东南天然气水合物运聚成藏模式进行系统地分类与划分,深入探讨了其运聚分布规律及控制因素等。在此基础上,根据气源供给及源储关系差异,初步将琼东南盆地水合物运聚成藏模式分为下生上储型、自生自储型和复式混合型3大类,其中,下生上储型可分为4小类：气烟囱主导型、泥底辟主导型、微裂缝主导型和断层主导型;自生自储型仅1小类,即浅层原位赋存型。     

琼东南盆地深水区新近系沉积特征与有利储盖组合

南海北部琼东南盆地具有准被动大陆边缘性质,其深水区具有较好的勘探前景.综合利用地震、钻井等资料,从层序地层研究出发,探讨了等时地层格架内新近系储层沉积特征,总结了浅水(陆表海)背景和深水(陆坡)背景下的储层沉积模式.根据储盖层沉积背景,并结合已有钻井资料,指出深水区新近系主要发育深水沉积和浅水沉积两大类型储盖组合:浅水...     

琼东南盆地深水区L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田形成条件及成藏模式

近期在琼东南盆地超深水区发现了L18气田上新统地层圈闭气田,但在聚气背景、烃源岩、储层沉积成因及天然气输导体系等气田形成条件和成藏模式认识存在争议。通过对该气田形成条件的综合分析,认为上新世轴向古洼槽内地层圈闭、陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩、上新统限制型重力流砂岩储层和渐新统-中新统断裂垂向沟源通道是形成上新统地层圈闭气田的4个基本条件。中中新世以来盆地中央继承性发育轴向古洼槽和限制型重力流沉积,随着后期地层沉积迁移、差异压实作用,上新统莺歌海组砂岩顶面在轴向洼槽内起伏,并被周边泥岩封盖、封堵,形成了地层圈闭;约3.4 Ma BP,陵水凹陷东洼下渐新统崖城组浅海相烃源岩生成了成熟天然气,沿渐新统-中新统断裂向上运移到上新统莺歌海组重力流沉积砂岩中,再侧向运移至地层圈闭中聚集成藏,具有"烃源岩、圈闭、断裂+砂岩输导层"三要素控藏的上新统地层圈闭成藏模式。     

琼东南盆地深水区BSR带裂隙系统空间分布特征

为解决甲烷渗漏系统末端裂隙系统空间分布规律问题,基于南海北部深水区高分辨率三维地震数据,采用可视化与相干体技术描述似海底反射层分布区裂隙空间结构与分布特征,阐述了裂隙产生的地质成因类型,讨论了裂隙与其他类型输导体系对甲烷气成藏的关系。似海底反射层界面上部空间裂隙远少于下部空间的地质结构体,使水合物成藏过程中甲烷气供大于散,对研究水合物成藏和检测甲烷气的渗漏有普遍指示作用。根据裂隙的发育规模,研究区大致可以识别出短裂隙、长裂隙、裂隙束、裂隙群(组) 4种类型,它们对流体的渗漏能力依次增强,这些裂隙在地层中往往以多类型共存的方式,或与其他地质构造共同构成渗漏系统。这些结果和认识对完善深水盆地甲烷气渗漏系统水合物成藏模式及成藏机理有广泛意义。     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷黄流组物源特征

物源分析作为岩相-古地理研究的前提和基础,物源体系决定了砂体的展布和储集性能。为明确中央峡谷体系黄流组储集体展布规律及下一步勘探方向,本文应用中央峡谷最新钻井资料,采用重矿物组合、锆石U-Pb测年等分析方法,结合地震反射特征,对中央峡谷黄流组物源体系特征进行分析。地震反射特征表明来自海南隆起和昆嵩隆起物源的三角洲体系,通过二次搬运沉积了陆架斜坡区和盆底的低位海底扇,为中央峡谷的沉积充填提供了充足的粗碎屑沉积物;新钻井黄流组样品中重矿物组合以白钛矿、石榴石、磁铁矿含量较高为主要特征,与莺歌海盆地受蓝江物源影响和琼东南盆地受丽水-秋滨河物源影响的地层重矿物组合相似;锆石U-Pb测年分析表明,中央峡谷黄流组地层中样品年龄图谱具有30~2 000Ma变化范围,与莺歌海盆地受昆嵩隆起物源影响的钻井以及越南现代河流采集的沙样具有非常一致的年龄段和丰度。综上所述,中央峡谷受多物源的影响,越南昆嵩隆起为主的琼东南盆地西部物源体系,是琼东南盆地乐东凹陷晚中新世深水扇以及中央峡谷粗碎屑物质的主要沉积物供给来源区。     

琼东南盆地南部坳陷带12号断层性质及成因

利用琼东南盆地的反射地震剖面等资料,重点分析了盆地南部坳陷带内12号断层平面、剖面及断层附近地层沉积特征,指出该断层为玉琢礁凹陷和华光礁凹陷内部控凹断层之间的转换断层。结合盆地构造演化特征,进一步将该断层演化划分出以下几个阶段:从始新世-渐新世,12号转换断层活动强烈,它的产生与发展主要受其两侧凹陷的伸展断层所制约,如华光2号、11号等控凹断层;中新世后,盆地处于裂后沉降期,随着盆地控凹断裂活动停止,12号断层活动亦停止;晚中新世之后,可能受吕宋岛弧向西聚合影响,此转换断层表现为走滑性质;进入第四纪断层完全停止活动。     

琼东南盆地深水区中央峡谷油气指标的多重分形性分析

不同形态的多重分形频谱可用于含油气远景评价和油气分布规律的研究,本文运用多重分形矩方法对中央峡谷体系已钻井获得的2 684个数据13项油气指标的多重分形谱函数形态特征进行了研究。结果表明,琼东南盆地深水区中具有较强多重分形特征的指标,具有多重分形谱函数宽而连续的特征,成一右偏弧形状;而其他指标则显示较弱或单一分形特征。将这一结果与常用的统计方法因子分析结果做对比,结果表明,通过多重分形分析对这几项油气指标的分组结果与常规的统计分析结果基本吻合。为更进一步探究这几种主要油气指标在油气指示中的权重,采用主成分分析法对这几种指标进行分析,结果表明在琼东南盆地深水区,异丁烷、正丁烷、异戊烷为圈定油气远景区的重要指标。     

空间地质建模技术在宝岛凹陷深水成藏研究中的应用

随着盆地模拟和地质建模技术的不断进步,油气成藏研究逐渐向定量化、动态化和3D可视化方向发展。通过集成PetroMod多维度盆地模拟和Petrel数据处理的功能,搭建起多维度、动态化、可视化技术平台,建立了勘探阶段空间地质建模技术的流程及方法,包括构造建模、岩相建模、参数设置和模型校正。应用该技术,首次建立了琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷空间地质模型,重点实现了深水区南部断阶带油气成藏动态化和成藏3D可视化,恢复了4个关键时期的空间成藏动态过程,研究表明,南部断阶带早期成藏时空配置良好,成藏规模小,晚期成藏时空配置优越且纵向叠置,成藏规模大。南部断阶带成藏模式为煤系和浅海源岩供烃、断裂-砂体-构造脊阶梯型输导、大型海底扇储集、多层系复式聚集,主力聚集层系是陵三段和三亚一段,下一步勘探应积极寻找多期叠置成藏的大型储集体。     

南海西北部琼东南盆地深水沉积环境演化及其油气勘探意义

Over the past several years, a number of hydrocarbon reservoirs have been discovered in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin, northwestern South China Sea. These oil/gas fields demonstrate that the...     

Geology and hydrocarbon accumulations in the deepwater of the northwestern South China Sea——with focus on natural gas

The deepwater of the northwestern South China Sea is located in the central to southern parts of the Qiongdongnan Basin(QDN Basin),which is a key site for hydrocarbon exploration in recent years.In this study,the authors did a comprehensive analysis of gravity-magnetic data,extensive 3D seismic survey,cores and cuttings,paleontology and geochemical indexes,proposed the mechanism of natural gas origin,identified different oil and gas systems,and established the model of hydrocarbon accumulations in the deep-water region.Our basin tectonic simulation indicates that the evolution of QDN Basin was controlled by multiple-phased tectonic movements,such as Indochina-Eurasian Plate collision,Tibetan Uplift,Red River faulting and the expansion of the South China Sea which is characterized by Paleogene rifting,Neogene depression,and Eocene intensive faulting and lacustrine deposits.The drilling results show that this region is dominated by marineterrestrial transitional and neritic-bathyal facies from the early Oligocene.The Yacheng Formation of the early Oligocene is rich in organic matter and a main gas-source rock.According to the geological-geochemical data from the latest drilling wells,Lingshui,Baodao,Changchang Sags have good hydrocarbon-generating potentials,where two plays from the Paleogene and Neogene reservoirs were developed.Those reservoirs occur in central canyon structural-lithologic trap zone,Changchang marginal trap zone and southern fault terrace of Baodao Sag.Among them,the central canyon trap zone has a great potential for exploration because the various reservoirforming elements are well developed,i.e.,good coal-measure source rocks,sufficient reservoirs from the Neogene turbidity sandstone and submarine fan,faults connecting source rock and reservoirs,effective vertical migration,late stage aggregation and favorable structural–lithological composite trapping.These study results provide an important scientific basis for hydrocarbon exploration in this region,evidenced by the recent discovery of the significant commercial LS-A gas field in the central canyon of the Lingshui Sag.     

琼东南盆地深水区主要构造因素与成盆机制分析-地震解释与物理模拟实验

Located at the northwest continental slope of the South China Sea, the Qiongdongnan Basin bears valley-shaped bathymetry deepening toward east. It is separated from the Yinggehai Basin through NW-trend...     

琼东南深水区海陆过渡相富生烃凹陷评价及优选

琼东南盆地古近系崖城组被证实为海陆过渡相烃源岩,但是深水盆地内6个凹陷的特征及演化存在显著差异,如何确定最富生烃的凹陷直接关系到深水钻探的成效。本文在深水凹陷区域构造形成机制、沉积环境演变特征以及海陆过渡相烃源岩有机质特征分析的基础上,充分利用现有钻井和地震资料,首先依据地震相模式分析方法预测了烃源岩层段沉积相分布,并根据沉积相与有机相的对应关系,预测了有机相分布;同时采用地震速度岩性定量分析技术确定出各凹陷烃源岩厚度分布,并利用地震反演速度及区域内泥岩孔隙度和烃源岩Ro的关系,定量预测了源岩热成熟度分布;然后依据烃源岩有机相、厚度和热成熟度等参数计算了崖城组各层段生气量和生气强度;最后以这两个参数为主,结合资源量和油气发现概况,建立了深水区富生烃凹陷评价标准,以此对6个凹陷进行综合评价优选。研究认为陵水、乐东、宝岛和长昌四个凹陷是Ⅰ类(最富生烃)凹陷,而松南和北礁凹陷为Ⅱ类(较富生烃)凹陷。该评价结果对南海北部深水区下一步勘探部署和目标钻探有重要的指导意义。     

Seismic characteristics of a reef carbonate reservoir and implications for hydrocarbon exploration in deepwater of the Qiongdongnan Basin,northern South China Sea

Our analysis of approximately 40,000 km of multichannel 2-D seismic data, reef oil-field seismic data, and data from several boreholes led to the identification of two areas of reef carbonate reservoirs in deepwater areas (water depth ≥ 500 m) of the Qiongdongnan Basin (QDNB), northern South China Sea. High-resolution sequence stratigraphic analysis revealed that the transgressive and highstand system tracts of the mid-Miocene Meishan Formation in the Beijiao and Ledong–Lingshui Depressions developed reef carbonates. The seismic features of the reef carbonates in these two areas include chaotic bedding, intermittent internal reflections, chaotic or blank reflections, mounded reflections, and apparent amplitude anomalies, similar to the seismic characteristics of the LH11-1 reef reservoir in the Dongsha Uplift and Island Reef of the Salawati Basin, Indonesia, which house large oil fields. The impedance values of reefs in the Beijiao and Ledong–Lingshui Depressions are 8000–9000 g/cc × m/s. Impedance sections reveal that the impedance of the LH11-1 reef reservoir in the northern South China Sea is 8000–10000 g/cc × m/s, whereas that of pure limestone in BD23-1-1 is >10000 g/cc × m/s. The mid-Miocene paleogeography of the Beijiao Depression was dominated by offshore and neritic environments, with only part of the southern Beijiao uplift emergent at that time. The input of terrigenous sediments was relatively minor in this area, meaning that terrigenous source areas were insignificant in terms of the Beijiao Depression; reef carbonates were probably widely distributed throughout the depression, as with the Ledong–Lingshui Depression. The combined geological and geophysical data indicate that shelf margin atolls were well developed in the Beijiao Depression, as in the Ledong–Lingshui Depression where small-scale patch or pinnacle reefs developed. These reef carbonates are promising reservoirs, representing important targets for deepwater hydrocarbon exploration.     

琼东南盆地深水区新近系海底扇沉积特征与资源潜力

综合利用钻井、岩心、薄片及分析化验资料研究了琼东南盆地深水区新近系海底扇沉积特征,并利用最新的三维地震资料,通过井震精细标定、多属性融合技术、方差体切片、三维地貌砂体镂空等综合技术手段,精细刻画了海底扇砂体的空间分布特征。研究结果表明,深水区新近系海底扇是由陆架区的砂体滑塌并二次搬运形成,形成过程具有多期次性。受不同物源的影响,海底扇岩性和物性存在较大的差异。海底扇岩性及沉积构造具有砂质滑塌、碎屑流、浊流和深水底流改造的特征。海底扇的沉积微相、厚度、砂泥比和砂泥岩空间配置关系直接控制了地震振幅反射强度和频率的变化。砂体纵向叠置,横向连片,并被后期泥质水道切割分块形成多个岩性圈闭。综合分析认为,深水区海底扇砂体发育区烃源条件优越,储盖配置关系和圈闭条件良好,具备形成大中型岩性油气藏的有利条件,具有较大的油气勘探潜力。