橡胶的纳米增强及纳米复合技术

分析了橡胶增强中几个主要因素的作用和地位,认为粒径是橡胶增强的第一要素,粒径因素包括部分表面活性因素和结构性因素,纳米增强是同效增强的必要条件,并指出炭黑和白炭黑增强橡胶属于纳米复合材料范畴。综述了橡胶基纳米复合材料的研究进展,包括炭黑和白炭／橡胶纳米复合材料、粘土／橡胶纳米复合材料、原位二氧化硅／橡胶纳米复合材料、丙烯酸金属盐／橡胶纳米复合材料、纤维／橡胶纳米复合材料等。总结了第一种复合材料所涉     

纳米技术在橡胶领域的应用

分析了纳米技术对橡胶复合材料增韧的理论,指出纳米增强是橡胶高效增强的必要手段.同时介绍了利用纳米材料对橡胶复合材料进行改性的制备技术及方法.综述了橡胶纳米复合材料的研究现状和未来前景.     

功能纳米填料在橡胶中的作用及橡胶纳米复合材料的制备

综述了功能纳米填料在橡胶中的作用,如可提高橡胶力学性能,改善橡胶硫化性能、抗老化性能、阻隔及隐身等性能;介绍了橡胶纳米复合材料的制备方法,主要有共混法、原位聚合法、溶胶-凝胶法及层间插入法;展望了功能纳米填料在橡胶中的作用及橡胶纳米复合材料制备的发展前景。     

纳米纤维素增强橡胶的研究进展

介绍了纳米纤维素增强橡胶的原理及纳米纤维素/橡胶复合材料的制备方法,综述了纳米纤维素/橡胶复合材料的物理机械性能、生物降解性、吸湿性及导电性,并对纳米纤维素的发展作出展望。     

纤维素在橡胶复合材料中的应用进展

纤维素经过处理后得到微米/纳米尺寸结构、高结晶度的纤维素，是可再生橡胶补强填料。本文系统介绍了微米、纳米纤维素晶体的制备方法，综述了微米、纳米纤维素晶体及不同改性材料改性后增强橡胶制备复合材料的进展，最后对纤维素增强橡胶复合材料研究的方向进行了展望。     

纳米二氧化硅的结构及表面改性对橡胶复合材料性能影响的研究进展

分析了纳米SiO_2结构及表面改性对其填充橡胶复合材料性能的影响,对比了不同表面改性方法对SiO_2增强效果的影响,指出基于良好分散性的适度结构化和高效功能化表面改性是提高SiO_2增强橡胶复合材料性能的重要因素.简要介绍了纳米SiO_2在橡胶复合材料中的应用研究现状.     

橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的制备方法及性能特征。重点介绍了溶液插层法、乳液插层法和熔体插层法及相关研究进展。评价了各种制备技术的优缺点,提出了橡胶／粘土插层纳米复合材料的发展趋势。     

纳米CaCO3/胶清橡胶复合材料的研究

采用乳液共凝法,研究了纳米CaCO3/胶清橡胶复合材料的制备与力学性能。结果表明:乳液共凝法制备纳米CaCO3/胶清橡胶复合材料时混合速度、混合时间,纳米CaCO3加入方法以及纳米CaCO3用量对复合材料的力学性能有较大的影响,乳液共凝法制备的复合材料综合性能较机械共混法制备的复合材料综合性能好。     

纳米粒子对硅橡胶的增强改性研究进展

纳米粒子和纳米复合技术对于开发新型功能复合材料具有十分重要的意义,其中纳米粒子对橡胶的复合改性为硅橡胶性能的提高提供了新的途径.评述了二氧化硅、黏土、氧化铝、碳酸钙、二氧化钛等纳米粒子对硅橡胶的物理机械性能、耐热性能、阻燃性能及耐老化性能等方面的增强改性,简述了溶胶-凝胶法、层间插入法及共混法三种纳米硅橡胶复合材料的制备方法,并指出了纳米硅橡胶复合材料的研究发展方向.     

剥离型黏土/丁吡橡胶/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的制备及表征(英文)

采用溶液法将剥离型黏土/丁吡橡胶纳米复合材料与丁腈橡胶复合,制备了黏土/丁吡橡胶/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料。热重分析表明黏土在复合材料中的含量提高,大部分丁吡橡胶被去除。通过与乳液絮凝法制备的黏土/丁腈橡胶纳米复合材料的X射线衍射及透射电子显微镜分析结果比较表明,厚为1 nm数量级的黏土片层均匀地分散在橡胶基质中,制得的黏土/丁吡橡胶/丁腈橡胶复合材料属于剥离型纳米复合材料。     

淀粉功能化改性及在补强橡胶中的研究进展

淀粉作为补强填料替代部分炭黑或白炭黑可以改善橡胶轮胎的抗湿滑性和滚动阻力,且淀粉来源广,成本低,无污染,有望成为新型橡胶补强填料。但淀粉极性强,与橡胶相容性差,直接使用无法起到补强效果。本文综述了淀粉细微化、酯化改性、接枝改性、原位改性这四种改性淀粉的方法。这些方法通过减小淀粉颗粒尺寸和引入其他分子链或基团等途径,改善淀粉在橡胶中的分散性及其与橡胶的相容性,使淀粉能够成为橡胶轮胎的优质补强填料。     

Structure and properties of hollow carbon black and filled rubber nanocomposites

Abstract

Hollow carbon black (HCB) is introduced in this work. It has a special hollow structure, high specific surface area, high structure and high electric conductivity. Hollow carbon black is used to fill styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR). The bound rubber test results show that the bound rubber of SBR/HCB can be measured when the HCB content reaches 25 phr because a strong filler network is formed, which indicates good electric conductivity of SBR/HCB. In comparison, the bound rubber of SBR/N330 can not be measured even when the N330 content is 40 phr. The mechanical measurements show that HCB has very good reinforcing effect on SBR especially when the filler content is low. The electric conductivity and thermal conductivity increase with the increase in filler content. At the same filler content, the properties of SBR/HCB nanocomposites are better than those of SBR/N330 nanocomposites, which suggests that HCB has good application potential.     

扫描探针对炭黑结构及其结合胶微观形貌的研究

以N234、N330、低滞后DZ13 3种不同结构的橡胶补强炭黑为材料,通过扫描探针对其聚集体形貌及其结合胶的微观形貌进行了研究。实验表明:N234的聚集体小,分布窄,二次结构影响较小;N330的聚集体形貌如同葡萄串,有链枝状;DZ13的聚集体分布较宽,大小不一。通过对结合橡胶结构观察发现,N234的结合方式不同于其它2种结构炭黑,结合胶的量更大,而DZ13表面的橡胶壳大于N330表面的橡胶壳,侧面证明了DZ13的表面活性较大。结合胶形貌的研究有助于了解炭黑结构对橡胶补强的影响,对炭黑补强机理的研究提供了直观的证据。     

压力对炭黑附聚体结构的影响研究

为了研究炭黑附聚体含量对橡胶补强的影响,本文在165MPa下将炭黑进行不同次数的压缩.采用SPM扫描了原样及压缩4次后的炭黑形貌;利用激光粒度分布仪测定了它们的粒径.讨论不同压缩次数下炭黑吸油值、吸碘值、CTAB及氮吸附值的变化规律.结果表明,从形貌图上看,压缩前后粒子的分布更加均匀.压缩后的颗粒粒径明显减小.随着压缩次数的增加,炭黑的吸油值都减小,且结构越高,减小值越大.炭黑的其余三个参数都随着压缩次数的增多而增大;其中,CTAB值和吸碘值的增幅较小,而氮吸附值增幅较大.     

Influence of carbon black in polychloroprene organoclay nanocomposite with improved mechanical,electrical and morphology characteristics

Abstract

The effect of carbon black on nanoclay filled polychloroprene (CR) composites has been investigated. The nanoclay loading is fixed at 5 part per hundred rubbers (phr), and carbon black loading varied from 5 to 20 phr in rubber compounds. The rubber nanocomposites are prepared in laboratory by mixing in two-roll mill. The addition of nanoclay enhances mechanical properties especially tear strength and decreases water absorption without change in electrical properties compared to gum rubber vulcanisates. Wide angle X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy are used to study the microstructure of CR nanocomposites. The addition of 5 parts of nanoclay to 15 phr carbon black filled samples shows synergistic effect between the fillers and suggests that the reinforcement is due to a more developed filler network formation in hybrid filler system than that in single phase filler. Significant improvement in mechanical, electrical and low water absorption properties has been obtained with these nanoclay and carbon black filled rubber nanocomposites. The paper concludes that nanocomposites containing a mixture of organoclay and carbon black in right proportion can be a substitute for rubber components used in underwater cable and device encapsulation applications.     

白炭黑粒径对天然橡胶/白炭黑湿法混炼胶性能的影响

通过使用球磨机在液相状态下对白炭黑进行研磨,可得到4种不同粒径白炭黑。采用湿法混炼工艺,将4种不同粒径的白炭黑与天然乳胶进行混合,制备出天然橡胶/白炭黑复合材料。对此种类型复合材料性能测定结果表明:用4种不同粒径的白炭黑制备的复合材料性能呈现出较大差异,当白炭黑粒径为9.4um,复合材料表现出最佳的综合性能。     

Preparation and characterization of rubber–clay nanocomposites

Rubber–clay nanocomposites were prepared by two different methods and characterized with TEM and XRD. The TEM showed clay had been dispersed to one or several layers. The XRD showed that the basal spacing in the clay was increased. It was evident that some macromolecules intercalated to the clay layer galleries. The clay layer could be uniformly dispersed in the rubber matrix on the nanometer level. The mechanical tests showed that the nanocomposites had good mechanical properties. Some properties exceeded those of rubber reinforced with carbon black, so the clay layers could be used as an important reinforcing agent as the carbon black was. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1879–1883, 2000     

Overall properties of fibrillar silicate/styrene–butadiene rubber nanocomposites

The mechanical properties, heat aging resistance, dynamic properties, and abrasion resistance of fibrillar silicate (FS)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites are discussed in detail. Compared with white carbon black (WCB)/SBR composites, FS/SBR composites exhibit higher tensile stress at definite strain, higher tear strength, and lower elongation at break but poor abrasion resistance and tensile strength. Surprisingly, FS/SBR compounds have better flow properties. This is because by rubber melt blending modified FS can be separated into numerous nanosized fibrils under mechanical shear. Moreover, the composites show visible anisotropy due to the orientation of nanofibrils. There is potential for FS to be used to some extent as a reinforcing agent for rubber instead of short microfibers or white carbon black. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2725–2731, 2006     

天然橡胶湿法混炼的研究进展

根据补强填充体系种类,分别介绍炭黑、白炭黑和石墨烯等与天然橡胶的湿法混炼工艺技术,并对天然橡胶湿法混炼所面临的问题及发展趋势进行了分析和展望。湿法混炼研究包括不同补强填充体系水乳液的配制方式和配方优化及湿法混炼胶的后处理工艺。今后应对湿法混炼多组分复杂反应的特征和混炼胶结构与性能的关系开展深入研究,并加强自动化与连续化生产工艺的研发。