A method for detecting the transition from corona from water droplets to dry-band arcing on silicone rubber insulators

The paper presents an investigation on the use of partial discharge (PD) as a means to study the development of leakage current (LC) on silicone rubber insulators in a salt-fog chamber. Simultaneous measurements of LC and PD on dead-end type silicone rubber insulators exposed to different combinations of electrical stress and salt-fog salinity are performed. The results show that for an electrical stress of 33 V/mm applied to the insulator, the average LC experiences gradual changes and reaches a critical level (around 1 mA) where dry-band arcing is observed after 20 minutes at 2300 /spl mu/S/cm, and after 25 minutes at 1800 /spl mu/S/cm. The corresponding PD levels reach hundreds of pC after 15 minutes at 2300 /spl mu/S/cm, and after 20 minutes at 1800 /spl mu/S/cm. For a salinity corresponding to 1800 /spl mu/S/cm and stress of 26 V/mm, the LC changes much more gradually and reaches the critical level only after approximately 60 minutes. The corresponding PD reaches hundreds of pC after 30 minutes and more than 1500 pC after 60 minutes. Pattern recognition techniques have been applied to investigate the transition from corona to dry-band arcing. The features extracted from the maximum and mean apparent charge trends are found to be useful to cluster and classify the two phenomena. Simultaneous visual observations of the discharges on the insulator surface support the results. The investigation, therefore, shows that PD is a sensitive method for detecting the transition from corona from water droplets to dry-band arcing and an alternative method for studying the early aging stage of silicone rubber insulators.     

750 kV变压器现场工频感应耐压和局部放电试验

介绍了我国750 kV输变电示范工程中变压器现场局放交接试验的标准、程序和过程,分析了局放起始电压和熄灭电压定义中的含混之处,比较了750 kV变压器的工频耐压值和局放试验电压值、分析了局放试验中经常出现的问题。提出如下建议：①提高750 kV变压器的工频绝缘水平;②放宽变压器局放现场交接试验标准至1 000 pC;③重新定义局部放电起始电压和熄灭电压;④加强现场实用技术的研究;⑤试验人员持证上岗;⑥试验仪器定期校验;⑦必要时采用在线监测。这些建议不限于750 kV变压器,也可为 1 000 kV变压器的现场局放交接试验参考。     

空气湿度对开关柜局部放电影响的试验研究

介绍暂态对地电压法检测10 kV开关柜局部放电的基本原理,结合具体试验,就空气湿度对10 kV开关柜局部放电的影响进行研究.根据不同湿度条件下局部放电产生的暂态对地电压信号幅值,结合经验判据对10 kV开关柜内部绝缘子的绝缘状态进行评估.     

Improved feedthrough with recessed triple junction for reduction insurface PD

Surface PD (partial discharge) on an insulator from a TJ (triple junction) are reduced by recessing the TJ at the HV electrode. The insulators have an inner electrode connected to the ground potential. PD pulses whose magnitude is >10 pC are measured. The applied HV (50 Hz) is 1 to 1.5× higher than that at the initiation of the PD. The thickness of the insulator is in a range from 2 to 7.5 mm. For insulator thickness of 7.5 mm, the integrated magnitude and number of the PD pulses from the recessed TJ are reduced to ~20% and 50% of those from TJ without recess, respectively. The reduction in the pD by the recessed TJ is explained by the field conditions on the insulator near the TJ. It is considered that the reduction in the pD by the recessed TJ results mainly from the following three factors: high surface potential (V_s ) on the insulator, weak parallel component of electric field on the insulator surface, and strong normal component of the field on the surface. Propagation of the pD is restricted by these three factors. We have designed the improved configuration of recessed TJ in order to further emphasize these three factors. It is experimentally confirmed that the improved one reduces surface pD more efficiently than the recessed TJ before the improvement. At 7.5 mm insulator thickness, the integrated magnitude and number of pD pulses are reduced to ~5% and 15% of those for TJ without recess, respectively     

架空交流输电线路劣化瓷质绝缘子自动检测技术研究

针对500kV及以上电压等级的架空输电线路瓷质绝缘子没有有效检测方法的问题,分析了现有绝缘子检测方法的优缺点及适用范围,提出了500kV及以上线路绝缘子自动检测装置的设计指标,并提出了一种适用于目前主流绝缘子串类型及布置方式的新型绝缘子自动检测装置设计方案。     

交流输电线路劣化瓷质绝缘子自动检测技术研究

针对500kV及以上电压等级的架空输电线路瓷质绝缘子没有有效检测方法的问题,分析了现有绝缘子检测方法的优缺点及适用范围,提出了500kV及以上线路绝缘子自动检测装置的设计指标,并提出了一种适用于目前主流绝缘子串类型及布置方式的新型绝缘子自动检测装置设计方案。     

110~500 kV复合绝缘子的雷电闪络特性

为研究复合绝缘子的雷电冲击闪络特性,在110 kV、220 kV和500 kV电压等级下对复合绝缘子进行了大量的试验。利用Matlab分析试验数据,得到了不同电压等级绝缘子50%雷电冲击电压与干弧距离的关系曲线,拟合出了110~500 kV绝缘子50%雷电冲击电压与干弧距离的关系表达式,通过逐步提高冲击电压的峰值研究并绘制出了110 kV绝缘子的伏秒特性曲线,为复合绝缘子的选型提供了参考。     

500kV XLPE电缆局放屏蔽试验室

本文介绍了浙江晨光电缆集团公司成功建立的500 kV交联聚乙烯(XLPE)电缆局放屏蔽试验大厅,并阐明了设计理念。屏蔽室尺寸:长28.0 m×宽21.0 m×高15.0 m;大门:宽5.5 m×高6.0 m,供有电缆盘进出的25 t轨道车。试验电源:10 kV,500 kVA经专用电缆供电。接地电阻0.14Ω;地下绝缘槽电阻>103MΩ;屏蔽系数(衰减值):80~100 dB(局放频带)。高压测试设备由德国High Volt公司提供,整体试验表明:系统空载输出电压700 kV时,局放水平≤0.8 pC。     

Modeling PD inception voltage of epoxy resin post insulators usingan adaptive neural network

One of the parameters used to characterize the partial discharge (PD) behavior is its inception voltage. The partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) should always be higher than the operating voltage to ensure that PD does not occur at or near operating voltage. Under these circumstances, other PD parameters such as apparent charge, energy dissipation need not be considered. This paper deals with modeling of PDIV of epoxy-resin post insulators using a neural network (NN). The PDIV is obtained experimentally for various shapes and sizes of post insulators, with a working voltage in the range of 3.3 to 33 kV. The electrode spacing d and creepage length l are the key parameters employed for the present modeling. An adaptively trained multilayer NN is employed for the modeling. Detailed studies are carried out to optimize the NN parameters for minimum error. The model results obtained closely follow the experimental data indicating the effectiveness of NN as an efficient tool in estimation of PDIV of epoxy-resin postinsulators     

全尺寸复合绝缘子内部缺陷微波无损检测研究

为减少由复合绝缘子内部缺陷造成的事故隐患,研究了基于微波理论的全尺寸复合绝缘子内部缺陷无损检测方法,提出了适用于该检测方法的数据处理及判定依据。根据所提出的理论,研制了由微波检测系统与自动化系统组成的全尺寸110 kV复合绝缘子自动化无损检测试验平台,制备了多种带有人造缺陷的全尺寸110 kV复合绝缘子样品。通过使用试验平台对人造样品的检测,得出了该方法对于气隙、碳化、金属缺陷的检测特征及精度。同时试验结果验证了所提出的理论的可行性与所研制的设备的可靠性。     

高海拔地区750kV输电线路绝缘子选型研究

在2种盐密、4种海拔高度下对8种典型的大吨位电瓷和玻璃绝缘子进行了人工污秽试验,得出了各种绝缘子污闪电压随海拔高度的变化规律。通过比较,三层伞型电瓷绝缘子的耐污闪性能最好,双层伞型电瓷绝缘子的耐污闪性能也较好,而且随海拔升高其污闪电压降低幅度较小,所以推荐使用三层伞或双层伞电瓷绝缘子。采用工程设计中广泛采用的爬电比距法,给出了4种污秽等级、4种海拔高度下750kV线路悬式绝缘子的片数,并用污闪试验结果对选择结果进行了验证。     

750 kV变电站支持绝缘子在高海拔地区的污闪特性研究

在2种盐密、4种海拔高度（气压）下对3种不同伞形结构的750kV电站支持绝缘子进行了人工污秽试验，得出不同支持绝缘子污闪电压随海拔高度（气压）的变化规律。对于不同结构绝缘子，分别给出750kV变电站所需的最低绝缘高度。并对伞裙结构进行了选择。     

Partial discharge recognition system for current transformer using neural network and 2D wavelet transform

In this paper, a neural network and two‐dimensional (2D) wavelet transform are applied to recognize partial discharge (PD) patterns on current transformers (CTs). To avoid the discrepancy between simulated results and real experimental data, we adopted seven cast‐resin CTs that were purposely fabricated with various insulation defects as the PD patterns collected samples to actually emulate the various defects incurred often during their production. All measurements are taken in a shielded lab; the commercial TE571 PD detector is adopted to measure PD patterns to ensure the reliability of the PD signals. Next, we extract the patterns' features via a 2D wavelet transform and use the features as the training set of a backpropagation neural network (BNN) to construct the recognition system for CTs' PD patterns. Finally, we add random noises to the measured PD signals to emulate the field diagnosis under a high‐noise environment. The study results indicate that, under a simulated noise magnitude of 30 pC, the recognition rate of the proposed system still can reach around 80%, signifying a great potential in applying the proposed recognition system in field measurements in the future. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

运行中110 kV复合绝缘子电气性能变化分析

复合绝缘子具有优异的耐污闪性能使其在电力系统得以广泛应用,但其使用寿命、老化等仍是各国应用复合绝缘子十分关心的问题。文章以某电网运行中的110 kV线路复合绝缘子为例,对其运行不同年份下的电气性能、积污规律等进行对比分析和研究,结果表明：随着运行时间的增加,复合绝缘子的电气特性将逐渐变差;运行中的复合绝缘子表面的盐密与灰密的堆积速度不同;自然污秽的复合绝缘子污闪电压比人工污秽的污闪电压高;运行4~8 a后的复合绝缘 子仍具有较强的耐污性能和憎水性。     

500kV变压器局部放电试验的分析处理

介绍了对出厂局部放电试验不合格的某500 kV变压器的多次处理和分析试验的情况,确定局部放电量偏大的原因是调压线圈内部固体绝缘存在大量封闭性气泡,解体验证也予以证实。实践表明,对于局部放电量较小,(仅为数百pC)的内部缺陷,难以定位,需要综合放电波形和放电特性各个要素,结合试验分析推理,才能找到缺陷部位。     

基于场路耦合低值绝缘子串温度分布研究

低值绝缘子对电网系统正常运行潜在一定的隐患。为此提出了一种新的计算低值绝缘子串温度分布的计算方法,该方法利用Maxwell电容矩阵计算绝缘子杂散电容,结合绝缘子串等效电路模型计算低值绝缘子串温度场分布。相比传统有限元仿真,该方法考虑更加全面,更加简便。通过该方法对某110 kV电压等级的低值绝缘子串进行了仿真计算,该方法与有限元、实测一致,且比传统电路法更加精确。利用此方法计算了110 kV线路中低值绝缘子在不同阻值、不同位置、风速和测量误差对含低值绝缘子串温度分布检测的影响,研究表明:低值绝缘子阻值、所处的位置以及风速和测量误差对低值绝缘子串温度分布影响很大,容易造成误检。     

Effect of insulator profile on aging performance of silicone rubber insulators in salt-fog

The paper presents the results of the study on the influence of insulator profile on the aging performance of silicone rubber (SIR) insulators in salt-fog. Experiments have been conducted on various two-shed arrangements at 35 V/mm average stress and 0.25 S/m salt-fog conductivity level. The work is also extended to include commercial 15 kV class insulators with different profiles. Shed spacing, shed diameter, alternate shed design and shed shape are the parameters investigated in this study. The low frequency harmonics of the leakage current, early aging period (EAP), and equivalent salt deposit density (ESDD), are used to evaluate the aging performance of different designs. Insulator profile is shown to greatly influence the aging performance of SIR insulators. Shed shape proves to be the most important parameter to be considered in designing non-ceramic insulators profiles. Also, as the shed spacing decreases, the performance of SIR insulators improves. Simulation results using FEMLAB show that the electric field on insulators is below the corona onset at both dry and wet conditions. Dry band arcing is therefore the main electrical cause for aging in distribution class insulators and it is possible to improve the pollution performance of SIR insulators using appropriate profiles as suggested in this work     

直流复合绝缘子在耐张串上的应用及试验分析

为研究直流复合绝缘子应用在耐张串上的可行性,提高线路安全运行的可靠性,分析了耐张串复合绝缘子的受力,认为它能承受运行中可能出现的拉伸、扭转、弯曲、振动等各种载荷;对已运行1年的龙政线耐张串直流棒形悬式复合绝缘子的试验分析表明,其电气和机械性能无任何下降。因此复合绝缘子完全可应用在耐张串上,≤220 kV电压等级线路建议推广应用,≥330 kV电压等级线路建议2~4串并联小批量试运行,积累运行经验。建议针对耐张串复合绝缘子实际运行的电气和机械工况,研究适合于复合绝缘子的试验方法。     

复合绝缘子界面缺陷对电场分布特性影响的仿真研究

复合绝缘子的芯棒与护套粘接界面常常出现缺陷,畸变周围电场,影响绝缘子的电气和机械性能。为了研究不同缺陷形态下的绝缘子电场特性,文中以110 kV复合绝缘子为考察对象,应用有限元分析软件COMSOL搭建了绝缘子三维模型,对电场分布进行了仿真计算,研究了界面出现气隙、水汽等缺陷对局部电场及绝缘子整体轴向电场分布特性的影响。结果表明:气隙处电场强度相比正常情况下显著增大,场强最大值与气隙跨度、厚度正相关,与气隙长度负相关,并基于气隙等效弧柱体模型给出了理论分析,修正了等效圆柱模型的不足;水分渗入能降低气隙场强,但同时严重畸变绝缘子轴向电场;护套受潮增重会使场强线性增加,超过一定程度会引发电晕放电,导致沿面闪络等事故。     

10.5kV/1.5kA高温超导电缆绝缘设计及加工

正在研制的75m长10.5kV 1.5kA三相交流高温超导电缆将于2004年底挂网试运行。本文分析75m高温超导电缆的电场分布特点,介绍了该电缆的总体绝缘设计与加工及试验情况。在由超导电缆本体、中间连接及终端模型组成的同实际电缆外体结构一致的电缆集成体模型上,完成了终端及电缆中间连接的绝缘预加工并进行了耐压试验;15kV工频电压下电缆本体绝缘局部放电试验;以及电缆本体及模型电缆集成体绝缘通过了35kV工频耐压试验。