人宫颈粘液葡萄糖、果糖变化规律的研究

本文对月经周期规律的１５例育龄妇女２０个月经周期宫颈粘液及血清葡萄糖、果糖水平进行测定，同时对血清促黄体激素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）、雌二醇（Ｅ２）和孕酮（Ｐ）放免测定；阴道Ｂ超、宫颈粘液Ｉｎｓｌｅｒ评分；尿ＬＨ酶联免疫测定和基础体温（ＢＢＴ）测定，综合评价预测和确定排卵日。２０个周期均为有排卵周期。结果：宫颈粘液葡萄糖、果糖水平均表现为卵泡期稍高，排卵前最低，排卵后逐渐升高，黄体中期达高峰；卵泡期果糖水平与Ｅ２呈负相关（ｒ＝－０．７３，Ｐ＜０．０１）；黄体期葡萄糖、果糖水平均与Ｐ呈正相关（ｒ＝０．９９，Ｐ＜０．０１；ｒ＝０．９８，Ｐ＜０．０１）；血葡萄糖、果糖水平无周期性变化且与宫颈粘液葡萄糖、果糖水平无明显相关性（ｒ＝０．２３，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：宫颈粘液葡萄糖、果糖水平变化具有明显规律性，可能与雌孕激素调节有关。     

多普勒超声心动图对宫内发育迟缓胎儿心脏舒张功能的研究

目的：研究宫内发育迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）胎儿心脏舒张功能的变化。方法：６４例正常妊娠胎儿及３３例ＩＵＧＲ胎儿，用多普勒超声心动图测定心脏二、三尖瓣血流的舒张早期流速峰值（Ｅ）、晚期流速峰值（Ａ）、平均速度（Ｖ）、速度积分（ＴＩ）、计算每搏输出量（ＳＶ）、Ｅ／Ａ。结果：在正常胎儿中，随胎龄的增长，二、三尖瓣的Ｅ峰、Ｅ／Ａ、ＴＩ、ＳＶ都增加，Ａ峰无显著变化，Ｅ＜Ａ。三尖瓣的Ｅ、Ａ、Ｖ、ＴＩ、ＳＶ均大于二尖瓣。在ＩＵＧＲ组，随胎龄的增长，二、三尖瓣Ｅ、Ａ、Ｖ、ＴＩ、ＳＶ均增加，Ｅ／Ａ变化不明显。与正常组比较：二尖瓣的Ａ峰明显增高，Ｅ／Ａ下降，三尖瓣的Ｅ、Ａ、Ｖ、ＴＩ、ＳＶ、Ｅ／Ａ均下降。二尖瓣的Ｅ、Ａ、Ｖ、ＴＩ、ＳＶ均大于三尖瓣。结论：以上变化可能是在ＩＵＧＲ胎儿中，发生“脑微效应”，使胎心血流动力学发生改变。     

多普勒超声心动图对宫内发育迟缓胎儿心脏舒张功能的 …

目的：研究宫内发育迟缓（ＩＵＧＲ）胎儿心脏舒张功能的变化。方法：６４例正常妊娠胎儿及３３例ＩＵＧＲ胎儿，用多普勒超声心动图测定心脏二，三尖瓣血流的舒张早期流速峰值（Ｅ），晚期流速峰值（Ａ），平均速度（Ｖ），速度积分（ＴＩ）计算每搏输出量（ＳＶ），Ｅ／Ａ。结果：在正常胎儿中，随胎龄的增长，二三尖瓣的Ｅ峰，Ｅ／Ａ，ＴＩ，ＳＶ都增加，Ａ峰无显著变化，Ｅ〈Ａ。三尖瓣的Ｅ，Ａ，Ｖ，ＴＩ，ＳＶ均大于二尖瓣，在     

黄体功能不全与生殖激素的关系

本文对２２例有排卵不孕妇女于Ｂ超监测排卵的同时，在卵泡中期、围排卵期和黄体中期测血清ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、ＰＲＬ、Ｅ２、Ｐ、Ｔ；排卵后第１０￣１４天取子宫内膜行病理学检查。按子宫内膜发育落后于月经周期〉２天判断为黄体功能不全（ＬＰＤ）。比较ＬＰＤ组（ｎ＝１２）和正常组（ｎ＝１０）生殖激素值与卵泡直径的差异。结果：ＦＳＨ和卵泡期ＬＨ、Ｅ２在两组间无差异，黄体期ＬＨ、Ｅ２、Ｐ水平，ＬＰＤ组低于正常组（Ｐ〈０．     

老年雌性大鼠脑垂体及大脑中雌二醇核受体的含量测定

本文建立了一个能灵敏和精确地测定脑组织中低水平的ＲｎＥ２，并能观察到生殖功能衰退时老年大鼠ＲｎＥ２量变化的方法。对雌性大鼠垂体前叶（ＡＰ）及大脑三个脑区：视前区（ＰＯＡ）、丘脑下部内侧基底部（ＭＢＨ）和杏仁核（ＡＭＧ）的雌二醇核受体（ＲｎＥ２）进行了测定，结果显示：１．中年大鼠ＡＰ、ＰＯＡ、ＭＢＨ和ＡＭＧ中ＲｎＥ２的含量以ＡＰ中最高，ＡＭＧ中最低；２．青年和中年大鼠的ＡＰ和三个脑区中ＲｎＥ２的含量是动情前期比间情期高出一倍以上；３．老年大鼠ＡＰ中ＲｎＥ２的含量比青年和中年两个组低；４．经植入孕酮或摘除一侧卵巢后的老年大鼠，在ＡＰ和三个脑区中ＲｎＥ２的量与正常老年大鼠相比出现波动。     

应用多普勒超声心动图测定糖尿病孕妇胎儿心功能的研究

目的研究糖尿病孕妇胎儿的心功能变化。方法应用多普勒超声心动图测定２３例妊娠期糖尿病孕妇胎儿（糖尿病孕妇胎儿组）和５４例正常胎儿（正常胎儿组）心脏的解剖数值：室间隔厚度（ＩＶＳ）、主动脉（ＡＯ）、肺动脉（ＰＡ）、二尖瓣（ＭＶ）、三尖瓣（ＴＶ）的直径,并测定主、肺动脉血流的峰速（ＰＦＶ）、平均速度（Ｖ）、加速时间（ＡＣＴ）、每搏输出量（ＳＶ）、心输出量（ＣＯ）、心脏收缩功能参数（ＦｏｒｃｅＦ）。测定二、三尖瓣血流舒张早期峰值流速（ＰＦＶｅ）、舒张晚期峰值流速（ＰＦＶａ）、平均速度（Ｖ）、表示舒张功能的参数。结果糖尿病孕妇胎儿组与正常胎儿组相比,ＩＶＳ明显增厚,ＡＯ、ＰＡ、ＭＶ、ＴＶ直径均增大。主、肺动脉血流的ＰＦＶ、ＳＶ、ＦｏｒｃｅＦ均增加,ＡＣＴ无明显变化。二、三尖瓣的ＰＦＶａ明显增加、二、三尖瓣血流舒张早期峰值流速及舒张晚期峰值流速比值（Ｅ／Ａ）明显下降。结论糖尿病孕妇的胎儿体重、心脏相对较大,心脏收缩力增强,心输出量增加。ＩＶＳ的明显增厚使舒张功能受到影响。     

超声心动图测定宫内发育迟缓胎儿心功能的研究

目的：研究宫内发育迟缓胎儿的心功能变化。方法：应用多普勒超声心动图测定６４例正常胎儿（正常胎儿组）和３６例ＩＵＧＲ胎儿（ＩＵＧＲ组）主动脉、肺动脉血流的峰速（ＰＦＶ）、平均速度（Ｖ）、加速时间（ＡＣＴ）、每搏输出量（ＳＶ）、心输出量（ＣＯ），以此表示心脏收缩功能的参数。测定二、三尖瓣血流的舒张早期峰值流速（ＰＦＶｅ）、舒张晚期峰值流速（ＰＦＶａ）、Ｅ／Ａ、Ｖ表示舒张功能的参数。结果：在正常胎儿组中，主动脉的ＰＦＶ、Ｖ、ＡＣＴ均大于肺动脉，而左心室的ＳＶ、左心室输出量（ＬＣＯ）、均小于右心室。二尖瓣的ＰＦＶｅ、ＰＦＶａ、均小于三尖瓣。ＩＵＧＲ组与正常胎儿组比较，主、肺动脉的ＰＦＶ、Ｖ、ＳＶＣＯ、均明显下降，肺动脉的ＡＣＴ明显减少，主动脉的ＡＣＴ明显增加，左心室ＳＶ、ＬＣＯ、均大于右心室。二尖瓣及三尖瓣的Ｅ／Ａ明显下降，三尖瓣的ＰＦＶｅ、ＰＦＶａ、Ｖ明显下降，二尖瓣的ＰＦＶｅ、ＰＦＶａ均大于三尖瓣。结论：在ＩＵＧＲ胎儿中可能发生“脑微效应”，即胎儿缺氧后，出现血流灌注再分布。     

母乳喂养与人工喂养对新生儿免疫功能的影响

应用放射免疫测定法（ＲＩＡ）和酶联免疫吸附实验（ＥＬＩＳＡ）检测８０例分娩前和分娩后６天，母亲血清及新生儿出生时脐血清，新生儿生后３天、６天血清中分泌型免疫球蛋白Ａ（ＳＩｇＡ）、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ和可溶性白细胞介素２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）水平。分为纯母乳喂养组（３０例），混和喂养组（３０例）和人工喂养组（２０例）。结果：３组母亲分娩前后血清中ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｓＡ、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＭ、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平，差异均无显著性；生后６天新生儿血清与出生时脐血清中ＳＩｇＡ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平相比，纯母乳喂养组明显高于人工喂养组。提示：纯母乳喂养可以提高新生儿体液免疫和细胞免疫功能。     

口服乙炔雌三醇环戊醚对绝经妇女心血管功能的影响

采用三维超声和多普勒超声，对２７例绝经后妇女口服乙炔雌三醇环戊醚（ＣＥＥ＿３）前后心血管功能，及二尖瓣口血流速度的变化进行研究。结果：口服ＣＥＥ＿３个月后心率、血压和血清雌二醇无明显变化；左心室舒张末期容积无显著变化，而收缩末期容积明显缩小（Ｐ＜０．００１）；每搏输出量、每分输出量和射血分数显著增加；外周血管总阻力明显降低。二尖瓣口最大血流速度、平均流速和舒张晚期最大流速明显加快；而舒张早期最大流速及舒张早晚期最大流速之比无差异。提示：ＣＥＥ＿３具有加强绝经后妇女心脏功能、增加心输出量、加快心室内血流速度和降低外周血管阻力的作用。     

输卵管结扎术后盆腔静脉瘀血综合征患者腹腔液中内皮素-1和心钠素的变化

目的：测定妇女腹腔液内皮素－１（ＥＴ－１）和心钠素（ＡＮＰ）浓度，探讨其在结扎术后盆腔静脉瘀血综合征（ＰＶＣＳＳ）发病中的作用。方法：应用放射免疫技术对２１例ＰＶＣＳＳ患者（ＰＶＣＳＳ组）腹腔液及血浆中ＥＴ－１和ＡＮＰ浓度、腹腔液量和巨噬细胞密度进行测定，并与１２例绝育术后正常妇女（ＮＷＳ组）、１１例正常妇女（ＮＷ组）进行比较。结果：ＰＶＣＳＳ组腹腔液ＥＴ－１浓度、ＥＴ－１／ＡＮＰ比值、巨噬细胞密度均低于ＮＷＳ组和ＮＷ组（Ｐ＜０．００５，Ｐ＜０．００１，Ｐ＜０．００１），且均与疾病严重性评分呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５），但腹腔液量多于ＮＷＳ组和ＮＷ组（Ｐ＜０．００１）；各组巨噬细胞密度均与ＥＴ－１浓度呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；各组血浆ＥＴ－１和ＡＮＰ浓度间差异无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论：妇女腹腔液含有一定浓度ＥＴ－１，腹腔液ＥＴ－１浓度和ＥＴ－１／ＡＮＰ比值降低，与ＰＶＣＳＳ发病有关。     

血清抑制素含量在月经周期中的变化及其与卵泡刺激素的相关性

目的了解育龄妇女在月经周期中血清抑制素(INH)含量的变化规律及其与卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄 体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)及孕酮(P)的相关性。方法建立一种改良的INH放射免疫测定法(RIA),对育龄妇 女正常月经周期中及绝经后妇女血清INH含量的变化进行监测;同时测定血清FSH、LH、E     

T-lymphocyte subsets in normal menstrual cycle

OKT3, OKT4, OKT8 positive cells levels were evaluated in 27 healthy volunteers, during preovulatory phase, luteal phase and menstrual period. OKT3, OKT4 positive cells showed no statistical difference over the three periods, while OKT8 positive cells decrease in preovulatory phase compared to both luteal phase (p less than 0.05) and menstrual period (p less than 0.02). A possible immunoregulatory function of oestrogens is discussed.     

体外受精-胚胎移植周期中血清抑制素水平的研究

目的:探讨体外受精(IVF)周期与生理周期中抑制素水平变化规律的差异及其对IVF周期可能产生的影响。方法:测定10例正常育龄妇女月经周期各期血清INHA、INHB水平;测定35例初次接受IVF患者,IVF周期月经d2、d7、hCG注射日、取卵日及黄体中期分别取血检测定INHA、INHB水平。分析自然周期与IVF周期中激素水平变化规律间的差异。结果:育龄妇女月经周期中INHA、INHB水平的变化曲线各不相同。IVF周期中INHB变化趋势与自然周期相似。但INHA水平自围排卵期达峰值后持续下降,不再如自然周期那样出现黄体期高峰。结论:IVF周期取卵过程中颗粒细胞的损伤和丢失,导致INHA黄体中期峰值的缺陷。INHA水平的非生理性改变可能通过对黄体功能及子宫内膜蜕膜化的不利作用影响妊娠。     

Cyclic changes in the concentration of glucose and fructose in human cervical mucus.

OBJECTIVE: To determine a possible cyclic change in the concentration of glucose and fructose in the aqueous phase of human cervical mucus (CM). DESIGN: Concentrations of glucose and fructose were longitudinally determined in the aqueous phase of CM of normal cycling women using enzymatic techniques, modified for small quantities. SETTING: Patients visiting a fertility clinic were selected. PATIENTS: Nine healthy women with regular menstrual cycles of 28 +/- 3 days that appeared to be ovulatory, demonstrated by sonographic follicle immaging and serum progesterone (P) measurements. INTERVENTIONS: Cervical mucus samples were longitudinally collected preovulatory, postovulatory, and premenstrual in ovulatory cycles, monitored by ultrasound and blood estradiol and P measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The study was designed to measure glucose and fructose longitudinally on three different points during one cycle. RESULTS: The preovulatory glucose concentrations in CM were lower than postovulatory and premenstrual. The preovulatory fructose concentrations were lower than premenstrual. The glucose concentration correlated with the blood P level. CONCLUSION: There is a consistent change in the glucose concentration measured in human CM in three phases of the menstrual cycle. The preovulatory and premenstrual fructose concentrations differ significantly. Knowledge of the carbohydrate metabolism in human cervical mucus may contribute in illuminating the possible role of the carbohydrate metabolism in sperm migration at midcycle and implantation in the luteal phase.     

The influence of stress and state anxiety on the outcome of IVF-treatment: psychological and endocrinological assessment of Swedish women entering IVF-treatment

BACKGROUND: Comparing stress levels in women entering IVF treatment with those of fertile controls as well as relating these levels to the outcome of IVF. METHODS: State anxiety and personality profiles as well as stress hormones were studied in 22 normally menstruating women entering IVF treatment for tubal infertility. Their personality profiles as well as state anxiety scores measured before entering IVF treatment were related to the outcome of treatment. Twenty-two fertile women served as controls. Stress markers were serum prolactin and cortisol. These were estimated by radioimmunoassay. The psychological evaluation included the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP) and state anxiety as measured by the STAI questionnaire. Basal FSH on cycle day 3 and E2 and P4 AUC during the luteal phase were evaluated as hormonal predictors for the outcome of IVF treatment. RESULTS: Comparison of the personality profiles of the two groups, showed that infertile women had significantly higher scores of suspicion (p>0.05), guilt (p>0.05), and hostility (p>0.01), but lower somatic anxiety (0.05) and indirect aggression (0.05) than fertile controls. The infertile women also had significantly higher levels of prolactin and cortisol throughout the menstrual cycle. Serum cortisol, prolactin and FSH levels on cycle day 3 did not differ between the women who conceived after IVF treatment and those who did not conceive. However, significant differences were found in E2 and P4 AUC (p>0.01) in the luteal phase between those women who became pregnant and those who failed. There was a trend (p<0.06) toward higher state anxiety levels among the women who did not succeed in becoming pregnant after IVF treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The main findings suggest that infertile women have a different personality profile in terms of more suspicion, guilt and hostility as compared to the fertile controls, perhaps as a response to their infertility. Their stress levels in terms of circulating prolactin and cortisol levels were elevated compared to the fertile controls. Psychological stress may affect the outcome of IVF treatment since state anxiety levels among those who did not achieve pregnancy were slightly higher than among those who became pregnant.     

Physiological changes of Fas expression in peripheral lymphocyte subsets during the menstrual cycle

We have examined changes in peripheral lymphocyte subsets, and Fas expression in these subsets, during the menstrual cycle. Measurements were made by three-color flow cytometry in the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle in ten healthy women. The numbers of leukocytes, granulocytes and monocytes were significantly higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. The percentage of CD8⁺ cells was greater in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. The percentages of Fas⁺ cells among T cells and NK cells were higher in the luteal phase than the follicular phase. These findings suggest that the menstrual cycle affects leukocytes, lymphocyte subsets, and Fas expression in these subsets, and that changes in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle are similar to those in pregnancy.     

Pulsatile secretion of prolactin during the human menstrual cycle

Recent investigations have demonstrated the pulsatile nature of prolactin (PRL) secretion and the synchronous relationship between PRL and LH pulses in normal and hypogonadal women. The present study was designed to confirm this synchrony and to investigate the characteristics of PRL pulses at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Blood samples were obtained at 10-min intervals beginning at 1000 h for a duration of 4-7 h in women during the follicular (n = 11), preovulatory LH surge (n = 2) and luteal phases (n = 10). Detectable pulses in plasma PRL concentrations were present in almost all subjects during the each phase of the cycle. During the total 121 h-blood sampling throughout the three phases, 62 PRL pulses and 74 LH pulses were detected and about 80% of these PRL pulses were observed to coincide with LH pulses. The mean (+/- SD) pulse frequency of PRL was significantly lower during the luteal phase (0.28 +/- 0.17 pulses/h) than during the follicular (0.64 +/- 0.25 pulses/h) and preovulatory phases (0.72 +/- 0.16 pulses/h). The mean pulse amplitude of PRL was significantly greater during the luteal phase (6.8 +/- 2.3 ng/ml) than during the follicular (3.6 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) and preovulatory phases (4.8 +/- 1.4 ng/ml). These changes in pulse frequency and amplitude were also observed in LH pulses between the follicular and luteal phases, except during the LH surge when LH pulse amplitude increased markedly, whereas that of PRL did not alter. Further, a positive linear correlation between the pulse frequency of PRL and LH (r = 0.74; p less than 0.001) was found throughout the three phases of the cycle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

正常月经周期妇女和自然流产妇女外周血中树突状细胞亚群的变化

目的:探讨正常月经周期妇女和自然流产妇女外周血中髓样树突状细胞(myeloid dendritic cell,MDC)和浆细胞样树突状细胞(plasmacytoid dendritic cell,PDC)的变化。方法:选择正常月经周期妇女30例,分别在每个妇女月经周期卵泡期和黄体期采集外周血;早期自然流产妇女30例流产后清宫前采集外周血,并以正常早期妊娠妇女为对照组。应用流式细胞术,检测各组外周血单个核细胞中MDC和PDC的百分率及MDC/PDC比率。应用放射免疫法检测各组外周血中雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的水平。结果:正常月经周期黄体期外周血中MDC的百分率和MDC/PDC比率显著低于卵泡期(P<0.01),PDC的百分率黄体期与卵泡期无统计学差异(P>0.05)。正常月经周期妇女黄体期外周血中E_2和P_4水平显著高于卵泡期(P<0.01)。早期自然流产妇女外周血中MDC的百分率和MDC/PDC比率显著高于正常早孕组(P<0.01),而PDC的百分率与正常早孕组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。自然流产组E_2和P_4水平显著低于正常早孕组(P<0.01)。结论:早期自然流产妇女外周血中MDC的百分率和MDC/PDC比率显著升高,可能参与了导致母体对胎儿发生免疫排斥。     

Serum group II phospholipase A(2) levels during menstrual cycle and pregnancy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the circulating group II phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)-II) levels during normal menstrual cycle and to assess alterations in maternal circulating PLA(2)-II concentrations during pregnancy and at puerperium. Circulating serum PLA(2)-II concentrations were compared between 38 nonpregnant women with normal menstrual cycle (15 at menstrual phase, 11 at follicular phase, and 12 at luteal phase), 61 normal pregnant women (13 in the first trimester, 12 in the second trimester, and 36 in the third trimester), and 14 normal postpartum women at 5th puerperal day. Serum PLA(2)-II concentrations were also measured in 11 patients with threatened premature labor. Maternal and fetal serum PLA(2)-II levels before and after delivery were made to determine differences in 11 neonates delivered vaginally and 11 neonates delivered by elective cesarean section. Serum PLA(2)-II level was measured with an immunoradiometric assay. Serum PLA(2)-II concentrations at luteal phase were significantly lower than those at menstrual or follicular phase (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference for PLA(2)-II levels between first trimester and menstrual phase or follicular phase. There were no significant differences among three trimesters during pregnancy. There was no significant difference in serum PLA(2)-II levels between normal pregnant women and patients with threatened premature labor. Labor stress did not affect both maternal and fetal serum PLA(2)-II concentrations. There was also no significant difference for circulating PLA(2)-II levels between maternal and fetal serum. Interestingly, serum PLA(2)-II concentrations in postpartum women were significantly higher than those in normal pregnant women (p<0.05). These results suggest that a regulatory mechanism of PLA(2)-II may exist during the normal menstrual cycle and at puerperium.