中西医结合治疗猪呼吸道疾病综合征

<正>猪呼吸道疾病综合征致病微生物包括猪繁殖和呼吸综合征(蓝耳病)病毒、猪肺炎支原体、2型猪圆环病毒和某些细菌等。该病传染性极强,可通过呼吸道感染、空气及胎盘等途径传播,猪呼吸道疾病综合征病原体可长期存活于猪呼吸道、呼吸道分泌物中,在饲养管理不良、猪机体抵抗力下降时而发病。1症状表现为精神沉郁、食欲下降或者消失、严重腹式呼吸,部分病猪可表现为气喘急促、呼吸困     

家兔支原体病的防治

支原体病是由支原体引起的家兔的一种慢性、呼吸道传染病。临床上以呼吸道和关节的炎症反应为主要特征。支原体广泛存在于土壤、污水和组织培养物中;可从正常的或感染的动物的粘膜(包括生殖道)分离到;也可从家兔的鼻腔、结膜和呼吸道分离到,是一种呼吸道寄生菌。本病发生于世界     

鸡多病因呼吸道疾病原因分析与防制

<正>呼吸系统疾病又成呼吸道综合征——是由病毒、细菌、支原体以及免疫抑制性疾病和不利的环境因素等多病因并发而引起的呼吸道感染。除此之外,常规免疫接种引起的呼吸道反应在多病因呼吸道病的发生中也可起重要作用。1鸡呼吸道病的发病机理1.1禽类与哺乳动物不同     

蛋鸡呼吸道病的综合防制

引起呼吸道症状的蛋鸡呼吸道疾病,主要有传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管 炎、传染性鼻炎、慢性呼吸道病、肺型鸡白痢杆菌病和曲霉菌病等,前二种由病毒 引起,传染性鼻炎由副鸡嗜血杆菌引起,慢性呼吸道病是由鸡败血霉形体感染所 致,肺型鸡白痢杆菌病的病原为鸡白痢沙门氏杆菌,曲霉菌病的病原为烟曲霉 菌。 大多数蛋鸡呼吸道疾病主要经呼吸道感染,但也可经消化道感染,因而传播 迅速。肺型鸡白痢杆菌病主要经消化道感染;曲霉菌病则既可呼吸道感染,也可 经消化道感染。蛋鸡呼吸道疾病有类似的呼吸道症状,需仔细观察并通过剖检才 能鉴别。     

牛呼吸道疾病的预防及治疗

<正>近几年,牛呼吸道病症的发病情况表现不断的严重,发病的数量也在不断增多,对于呼吸道相关病症的预防工作显得很重要。有研究认为对牛群做出呼吸道病症的预防工作,可以降低牛群呼吸道病症的发生率,这样可在很大程度上减少养殖户不必要的损失。1关于牛呼吸道相关病症的治疗方法探究在牛呼吸道发病的情况中,最为常见的呼吸道病症,主要是牛支原体病、巴氏杆菌病、呼吸道荷     

专家深度剖析鸡多病因呼吸道疾病

<正>概述多病因呼吸道病,又称呼吸道疾病综合征,是指商品化生产条件下,包括病毒、细菌、支原体以及免疫抑制性病原和不利的环境因素等多种病因并发引起的呼吸道感染,其本质是呼吸系统炎症。这种病比单一感染更多见,而且诊断难度加大。常规免疫接种引起的呼吸道反应在多病因呼吸道的发生中也可起重要作用。     

蛋鸡感染支原体、巴氏杆菌和葡萄球菌的诊断和防控

正1支原体感染鸡毒支原体和滑液囊支原体是两种常见的对鸡有致病性的支原体。鸡毒支原体可引起慢性呼吸道病,以张口呼吸、咳嗽、流鼻液和呼吸道锣音为特征;滑液囊支原体可致急性或慢性关节滑膜炎、腿滑膜炎或滑液囊炎。本病既可垂直传播,也可水平传播;一年四季均可发生,但以寒冷季节流行严重。1.1症状鸡毒支原体感染呈慢性经过,表现为流浆液或黏液性鼻液,甩头、喷嚏、咳嗽。炎症蔓延到下呼吸道时,有呼吸道锣音     

鸡群常见呼吸道病的防治体会

正4慢性呼吸道疾病占所有呼吸道疾病的10%左右。该病是由鸡毒支原体引起的一种呼吸道疾病。临床上见到的发病应激因素主要是:在春、秋季,昼夜温差较大;鸡舍通风不良,舍内有毒有害气体浓度过高;饲养密度过大;多种疾病如鸡新城疫、传染性支气管炎、传染性喉气管炎、传染性鼻炎等病发生时,可继发慢性呼吸道疾病;当     

奶牛常见的呼吸道疾病及防治措施

奶牛在季节变换或气温变化过快时,易发生呼吸道感染.呼吸道是奶牛机体的门户,很易受到风寒及病原微生物的侵袭;如遇机体抵抗力减弱或呼吸道寄生菌及外源性非特异性病原微生物侵入,大量生长繁殖,就会出现呼吸道感染.呼吸道包括上呼吸道(鼻、咽、喉)和下呼吸道(气管、支气管)两部分,上呼吸道感染进一步发展可致下呼吸道及肺部感染.奶牛...     

鸡慢性呼吸道病的防治

鸡慢性呼吸道病是养鸡临床常见病之一,由败毒支原体感染所引起;病原对环境抵抗力弱,一般消毒剂和常规消毒方法就能将其杀死,血清型只有一种;本病呈世界流行,鸡日龄越长,危害性越小,雏鸡感染后发病最为严重;呼吸道症状是本病的主要表现,剖检病变也集中在肺部和呼吸道,疾病后期可出现全身供氧障碍;临床可通过疫苗免疫、加强管理和及时对症对因治疗的方法来防控本病。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。