超声处理对玉米淀粉热性质的影响

研究超声处理前后玉米淀粉热性质的变化。采用超声波对70%水分含量的玉米淀粉进行处理。结果表明超声处理提高了糊化转变温度、膨胀度和溶解度,降低了析水率、焓值以及转变温度范围。玉米淀粉经处理后粘度降低,但其粘度曲线不改变。以上数据表明超声处理优先降解无定形区,且直链淀粉比支链淀粉更容易被降解。     

超声波处理对玉米淀粉流变性质的影响

本文研究了不同功率超声波处理玉米淀粉的流变性质.结果表明,所有淀粉糊均呈现假塑性流体特征.随着超声功率的增大,其处理的淀粉糊触变性减弱.     

湿热处理对玉米淀粉性质的影响

利用烘箱和高压灭菌锅对水分含量分别为10%、18%、25%、30% 的玉米淀粉在121℃处理5h,研究淀粉性质发生改变的情况。实验结果表明,玉米淀粉经湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒中心出现凹坑,颗粒结晶程度增加,淀粉的糊化温度上升,糊液黏度降低,在相同的处理条件下,利用高压灭菌锅处理对淀粉的性质影响更为显著。湿热处理对淀粉的性质产生明显影响。     

微波场对玉米淀粉颗粒性质影响的研究

微波是一种能以高频的方式使物质在电磁场中加热的非电离能量.研究了淀粉经微波作用后颗粒性质的变化,结果表明,微波作用后淀粉的颗粒形貌没有发生变化,偏光十字存在,部分颗粒脐点表面出现小孔,X射线主要衍射峰的强度增大.以上数据表明微波使淀粉内部分子发生迁移形成更加有序的排列.     

不同湿热处理方法对玉米淀粉性质的影响

利用烘箱和高压灭菌锅对水分含量为25%(w/w)的玉米淀粉在121℃处理5h,研究淀粉性质发生改变的情况.试验结果表明,玉米淀粉经湿热处理后,淀粉颗粒中心出现凹坑,颗粒结晶程度增加,淀粉的糊化温度上升,糊液黏度降低,膨胀能力升高,溶解度下降.在相同的处理条件下,利用高压灭茵锅湿热处理对淀粉的性质影响更为显著.     

湿热处理对玉米淀粉性质的影响

研究了湿热处理对不同直链淀粉含量的普通玉米淀粉?高直链玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉性质的影响。试验证明,经湿热处理后,三种玉米淀粉的颗粒形状都没有发生明显的变化,偏光十字也没有消失,但表面出现一些裂纹;湿热处理不会改变三种玉米淀粉的晶型,但经湿热处理后玉米淀粉的晶体结构变强,糊化温度提高,糊黏度降低。     

微波处理对普通玉米淀粉和蜡质玉米淀粉理化性质的影响

为探讨微波处理对普通玉米淀粉(CCS)和蜡质玉米淀粉(WCS)理化性质的影响,采用快速黏度分析法、差示扫描量热法、流变分析法,研究了不同时间或功率微波处理后CCS、WCS的理化性质。结果表明,微波处理时间和功率影响CCS、WCS的理化性质。60~90 s或462~700 W的微波处理增加CCS、WCS的糊化难度,使其起糊温度升高。微波处理导致CCS淀粉糊稠度、糊化焓降低,WCS的膨胀度降低。微波处理使WCS淀粉糊储能模量、损耗模量升高,增加其在外力作用下的稳定性,但只能形成弱凝胶。不同时间、不同功率的微波处理对CCS、WCS的短期老化和长期老化均有一定的抑制作用,使CCS、WCS的回生值、老化率均降低。     

高温处理对玉米淀粉应用性质变化的影响

探讨在100℃以上的高温处理后,玉米淀粉应用性质的变化,本实验对玉米淀粉进行蒸煮、焙烤、油炸的高温处理,并对高温处理后的淀粉颗粒形态、淀粉糊黏度、糊化温度及淀粉糊性质等进行检测和对比分析。结果说明,玉米淀粉经过蒸煮、焙烤和油炸处理后,淀粉颗粒形态发生很大变化;蒸煮和焙烤的玉米淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度都低于原淀粉,随温度升高而增加的趋势变缓;峰值粘度降低,粘度稳定性增加,冻融稳定性变化不大,淀粉糊透明度好于原淀粉。玉米淀粉油炸处理后,淀粉粒结构变化程度大,应用性质不及蒸煮、焙烤淀粉和原淀粉。      

高温处理对玉米淀粉应用性质变化的影响

探讨在100℃以上的高温处理后,玉米淀粉应用性质的变化,本实验对玉米淀粉进行蒸煮、焙烤、油炸的高温处理,并对高温处理后的淀粉颗粒形态、淀粉糊黏度、糊化温度及淀粉糊性质等进行检测和对比分析。结果说明,玉米淀粉经过蒸煮、焙烤和油炸处理后,淀粉颗粒形态发生很大变化;蒸煮和焙烤的玉米淀粉的溶解度和膨胀度都低于原淀粉,随温度升高而增加的趋势变缓;峰值粘度降低,粘度稳定性增加,冻融稳定性变化不大,淀粉糊透明度好于原淀粉。玉米淀粉油炸处理后,淀粉粒结构变化程度大,应用性质不及蒸煮、焙烤淀粉和原淀粉。     

低压等离子体处理对蜡质玉米淀粉性质的影响

采用低压等离子体对蜡质玉米淀粉进行改性。在等离子体处理时间为4 min,处理功率分别为100、200、300、400 W时,研究了蜡质玉米淀粉的红外光谱特性、交联度、糊化特性和流变学性质。实验结果表明:等离子体处理使蜡质玉米淀粉发生了交联反应,淀粉的储能模量增加,损耗模量基本不变,能形成弱凝胶;糊化难度增加,糊化温度升高。     

Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment on the Physicochemical Properties of Maize Starches Differing in Amylose Content

Normal maize, waxy maize and amylomaize V starches were treated at a moisture content of 70% by ultrasonic treatment. The results showed that the surface of normal and waxy maize starches was porous after treatment and a fissure could be clearly observed in the surface of amylomaize V starch. Ultrasonic treatment did not change the X‐ray pattern of the three maize starches. The swelling power (amylomaize V (B‐type) > normal maize > waxy maize (A‐type)) and solubility (amylomaize V > normal maize > waxy maize), the syneresis of amylomaize V starch and the gelatinization transition temperatures of the three starches increased on this treatment. Ultrasonic treatment decreased the syneresis of normal and waxy maize starches, the enthalpy of gelatinization (amylomaize V > waxy maize ≈︂ normal maize) and the gelatinization temperature range (amylomaize V > normal maize ≈︂ waxy maize) of all starches. A drop in viscosity of all three starches was observed and the viscosity patterns of three starches remained unchanged after ultrasonic treatment. The data showed that ultrasonic treatment degraded preferentially the amorphous regions and more easily attacked linear amylose than highly branched amylopectin.     

颗粒冷水可溶高直链玉米淀粉的制备及特性研究

以高直链玉米淀粉为原料,采用乙醇-碱法和羟丙基醚化法结合,研究不同碱添加量、环氧丙烷添加量、反应时间、反应温度下淀粉的冷水溶解度和羟丙基含量的变化规律。结果发现:随碱添加量的增加,淀粉颗粒的溶解度先上升后降低,羟丙基含量随碱添加量的增加而增加;随环氧丙烷添加量的增加,溶解度呈现先升高后降低的趋势,羟丙基含量随环氧丙烷添加量的增加出现先升高后降低的趋势;随反应时间的延长,溶解度先升高后略有降低,羟丙基含量随反应时间的增加而增加;随反应温度的增加,溶解度先升高再降低,羟丙基含量随温度的升高先增加后略有下降。对制得的不同溶解度下颗粒冷水可溶淀粉糊的透明度研究发现,随着淀粉溶解度的增大,淀粉糊透明度显著提高。扫描电镜观察冷水可溶淀粉的颗粒形态保持完整,但表面出现凹陷。X射线衍射结果显示:冷水可溶淀粉颗粒的晶型从高直链淀粉的"B"型结晶变为"V"型,且尖峰衍射峰消失,全部变为弥散特征峰。     

颗粒状冷水可溶木薯淀粉性质的研究

对乙醇碱法制备的颗粒状冷水可溶木薯淀粉 (GCWS)的性质进行了研究 ,比较了其与预糊化木薯淀粉的差别。结果表明 ,GCWS淀粉仍保持颗粒形态 ,在冷水中的溶解度及溶解后形成糊的透明度、抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性和热稳定性都要比预糊化淀粉好。     

热处理对不同淀粉糊性质的影响研究

为研究热处理对不同种类淀粉糊性质的影响,测定了不同淀粉膨胀率、溶解率、透明度、酶解率、冻融稳定性等糊性质的变化情况。结果表明:热处理后淀粉膨胀率和溶解率在温度低时有所提高,但温度升高后,增加幅度变小。与原淀粉相比,热处理后的淀粉抗酶解性增强;淀粉糊的透明度、酶解率、冻融稳定性指标均有一定程度的降低,但不同淀粉间存在差异。     

Effect of Sugars on the Water Diffusivity in Hydrated Granular Starches

The effective diffusivity of water (D) in hydrated mixtures of two granular starches and three sugars (glucose, sucrose and dextrin) was investigated in the temperature range 40-100°C. Spherical samples (2-cm diameter) of the hydrated mixtures were air-dried at controlled conditions and the D values at various moistures were estimated from the slopes of the drying curves. The sugars reduced significantly the D values in proportion to their molecular size. The changes in water diffusivity were related to the porosity of the samples. Temperature had an Arrhenius-type effect, and the estimated energies of activation for diffusion of water increased significantly by the addition of sugars.     

酒精碱法制备颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉的研究进展

颗粒状冷水可溶淀粉是国外近几年研制出的新型变性淀粉,酒精碱法具有可在常温常压下进行反应和产品质量易控制等优点,是制备颗粒状冷水可溶性淀粉的较理想的方法。对酒精碱法制备工艺的机理、产品的性质和研究状况作了综述。     

Granular Structure and Physicochemical Properties of Starches from Amaranth Grain

The granular structure and physicochemical properties of starches isolated from grain amaranth cultivar K112 (Amaranthus cruentus L.) were studied in this study. Detailed physical and chemical analyses were performed by determining the granular morphology, crystallinity, particle size, thermal characteristics, blue value, enzyme susceptibility, and pasting properties. Results showed polygon-shaped A. cruentus L. K112 starch granules. The average diameter was 1.38 μm, in which half of the diameter was <2.91 μm. An A-type X-ray diffraction pattern was revealed with intense peaks of 15.2°, 17.5°, and 23.2°. The peak viscosity was 181 BU and the breakdown value was 2 BU. Amaranth starch obtained the highest pasting temperature (70.7°C) and enzymatic digestibility (absorbance value = 0.41 ± 0.013) compared with corn, cassava, and sweet potato starches.     

The Combined Effect of Oxidation and Carbamoylethylation on the Rheological Properties of Maize and Rice Starches

The combined effect of oxidation and etherification on the molecular structure of starch was investigated. Maize and rice starches were used. Oxidation was effected using sodium hypochlorite while etherification was performed by reacting starch with acrylamide in presence of sodium hydroxide; this reaction is known as carbamoylethylation. The extent of the latter, expressed as % N, was found to increase by decreasing the molecular size of starch through oxidation. The carbamoylethyl starches so obtained could be precipitated by ethanol and they are soluble in water irrespective of the kind of starch. On the other hand, results of rheological properties indicated that they are governed mainly by the molecular size of starch. Oxidized starches with relatively high molecular size exhibit thixotropic behaviour. The degree of thixotropy decreases and changes into pseudoplasticity as the molecular size of starch decreases. The results also indicated that at constant rate of shear the apparent viscosity of carbamoylethyl starches decreases as the molecular size decreases. Furthermore, the rheological properties of carbamoylethyl starch pastes undergo considerable changes and so does the apparent viscosity when these pastes were stored for 3 days.