基于Bossa的工作流管理系统的开发方法

Petri网作为一个比较好的过程建模技术,在工作流模型的描述中有着一定的优势。基于Petri网的工作流模型如何投入到具体的工作流管理系统中,需要选择合适的工作流引擎,此引擎必须要能够完全支持基于Petri网的工作流模型的定义,Bigbross Bossa是各种工作流引擎中为数不多的采用Petri网来定义工作流的引擎之一,该文就Bossa工作流引擎的使用方法进行探讨和描述。     

一种基于BPEL的网格工作流引擎

随着网格应用复杂性的不断增加,需要将多个网格服务编排成为一个网格服务工作流模型,然后由工作流引擎执行对网格服务的调用.为此,我们设计并实现了一个基于BPEL的网格服务工作流引擎BPEL FlowEngine.考虑到网格环境的各种特征,该引擎采用分级处理机制,可以同时调用Web服务、网格服务以及网格调度器.本文将介绍该引擎的结构和具体实现技术,并且与GWES引擎的性能进行比较,最后描述了该引擎在生物信息学计算中的示范应用.     

QoS感知的分布式网格工作流引擎的研究和设计

在网格工作流系统的研究工作的基础上,设计开发了一种QoS感知的、分布式网格工作流引擎Q GWFE,经过改进后的分布式工作流引擎能够对网格的服务质量进行自动感知,从而达到改进网格工作效率,提高网格服务质量的效果.并且对网格工作流描述语言GridBPEL进行了进一步扩充,通过添加相关QoS元素,使扩充后的语言Q GridBPEL支持过程定义中的QoS描述需求.     

基于语义的网格工作流复合技术及实现

作为网格环境的基本服务,网格工作流的大规模共享和重用是使网格成为问题求解的智能化集成环境的一项核心技术。工作流复合技术能够通过已存在的解决方法的重用简化复杂的科学应用问题,而基于语义的工作流复合降低了需要了解工作流语法细节才能重用网格工作流带来的复杂性。首先运用知识表达技术提出一个基于目标概念的网格工作流语义模板,其次介绍了一个实现基于语义的工作流复合的工作流管理原型系统,其中详细阐述了工作流建模过程中基于语义的工作流复合的实现。     

基于微内核的工作流引擎技术

工作流技术是企事业单位信息化的一个重要技术,工作流管理系统的核心是工作流引擎。但传统工作流引擎大多采用宏内核结构,即内核要同时完成调度和服务功能,这种结构造成了工作流引擎重构和维护的困难。本文提出基于微内核结构的工作流引擎技术,从而降低了工作流引擎重构和维护的难度。     

工作流模型的仿真分析

为了使管理者能够更加科学,有效地对工作流进行管理,应用仿真技术对模型实施实时跟踪,及早发现工作流瓶颈等问题有着现实的经济意义.针对当前工作流模型仿真方法的不足,提出了一种基于虚拟运行环境的工作流仿真方法,通过建立工作流虚拟运行环境,以仿真引擎仿真活动的执行,自动处理过程中的半自动化活动或人工活动,并采用规则与随机变量相结合的方法处理仿真过程中遇到的不确定因素,从而完成工作流仿真.为了增强仿真的可信度和可视性,将虚拟现实技术引入仿真过程的动画显示.介绍了工作流虚拟运行环境的构成,环境中核心组件(仿真引擎)的工作方式,并讨论了基于代理的虚拟环境实现.     

面向电子政务的工作流模型的研究与应用

文章分析了我国电子政务应用的特点,提出了一种面向电子政务的基于活动网络图的工作流模型,描述了组成工作流的基本实体类型,讨论了模型如何支持电子政务应用中的复杂流程、如何利用已有组织模型、如何与现有系统集成,同时还讨论了工作流模型与XPDL的映射关系,最后介绍了基于该模型的工作流引擎的实现方法.该工作流引擎已经在税务等多个政府信息系统中得到成功应用,应用结果表明所讨论的工作流模型能够满足我国现有电子政务的应用需求.     

一种基于同步网的工作流管理系统

作为一类典型的CSCW系统,工作流管理系统主要提供异步、结构化的协同支持。本文从模型入手,介绍了一种基于Petri网的工作流模型——同步网。它采用分层视图描述了过程逻辑、语义及管理,过程模型和管理模型的互动关系用来指导工作流引擎的构造。本文基于同步网开发了工作流管理系统,支持工作流的定义、执行和管理。为了满足CSCW的需要,工作流管理系统中增加了同步协作机制。     

网格工作流引擎的设计与实现

针对传统工作流调度策略只强调任务的执行顺序、忽略任务本身相互间的逻辑关系等不足,基于GT4网格环境,以网格服务及其间的协作关系为出发点,设计并实现了用DAG(directed acyclic graph)模型描述网格工作流,并通过网格服务流语言(gridserviceflowlanguage,GSFL)形式化解析工作流的网格工作流引擎系统架构。在该架构中,设计并实现了基于Dijkstra的工作流调度算法,通过实例对该网格工作流引擎和调度算法进行了实验,实现了预期效果。     

一种服务质量感知的网格工作流引擎

引入服务质量等非功能特性作为网格工作流的调度依据,可以使得网格工作流的执行和调度围绕服务质量的参数体系进行,能够更好地满足最终用户的要求.提出一种服务质量感知的网格工作流引擎QGWEngine,介绍QGWEngine支持的服务质量参数体系和所基于的网格工作流模型.给出QGWEngine的系统结构,并通过一个假想的网格工作流的例子验证了QGWEngine的有效性.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).