垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物对厌氧氨氧化的影响研究

采用好氧活性污泥和厌氧颗粒污泥混合接种启动UBF厌氧氨氧化反应器,共耗时165d。反应器启动成功后,容积负荷达到了0.17kg总氮/(m3·d),NO2--N与NH4+-N去除率分别为100%和93%。在此基础上进行垃圾渗滤液有机物浓度梯度实验,研究其在不同有机物浓度下对厌氧氨氧化反应的影响作用。实验结果表明:NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率随有机物浓度的增加依次降低。当TOC浓度小于100mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化运行稳定,NH4+-N和NO2--N的去除率分别达80%和95%以上;当TOC浓度大于200mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化反应减弱,体系中出现了明显的异氧反硝化反应;当TOC浓度大于500mg/L时,厌氧氨氧化反应几乎完全停止。由于该垃圾渗滤液有机污染物多为难降解的大分子,具有毒性、易降解,有机物的含量较少,因此认为其对厌氧氨氧化的毒性抑制远比竞争性抑制大。     

垃圾渗滤液厌氧氨氧化脱氮技术的工程化应用探索

在两级AO工艺处理实际垃圾渗滤液工程应用程中,首先采用精准曝气控制溶解氧(Dissolve oxygen, DO)完成硝化池短程硝化反硝化启动,同时结合生物填料投加的控制策略,在60日内快速实现厌氧氨氧化功能菌群的高效自富集,其相对丰度高达4.04%。研究结果表明,当一级硝化池DO浓度由2.6 mg/L逐步降低至1.2 mg/L后,亚硝态氮积累达到70%以上。当生化池混合液中存在NH₃-N和NO^-₂-N时,在COD<1 650 mg/L且DO≈0.3 mg/L的控制条件下最有利于厌氧氨氧化菌生长增殖和发挥代谢作用。与传统运行方式相比,本研究构建的短程硝化反硝化脱氮技术可节约26.9%曝气能耗,单位水量运行电费可降低4.03元/m²。结合短程硝化反硝化启动控制策略和厌氧氨氧化菌生长的关键控制指标,提出了厌氧氨氧化脱氮技术工程应用的设计思路。     

我国垃圾渗滤液处理现状及存在误区

对我国目前垃圾渗滤液处理现状进行了总结,指出了渗滤液处理存在的几个误区,并在此基础上,提出了厌氧-亚硝酸硝化-厌氧氨氧化组合工艺为渗滤液初级处理的最佳途径.     

垃圾渗滤液对厌氧氨氧化混培菌活性的影响研究

采用厌氧复合床,经自养型反硝化过程转化,成功启动了厌氧氨氧化反应器,共耗时165d。反应器启动成功后,容积负荷达到了0.17kg总氮/(m3.d),NO2--N与NH+4-N去除率分别为100%和93%。在此基础上,研究了垃圾渗滤液的亚硝化出水对厌氧氨氧化混培菌活性的影响。研究结果表明:在低质量浓度基质(NH+4-N～60mg/L,NO2--N～60mg/L)条件下,垃圾渗滤液亚硝化出水对厌氧氨氧化反应产生了微弱的影响,氨氮的平均抑制率为10.73%,亚氮的平均抑制率为11.71%。     

亚硝化-厌氧氨氧化工艺的试验研究

本文采用两种不同来源的活性污泥 ,利用ＣＳＴＲ反应器对亚硝化工艺处理高浓度氨氮自配废水进行了试验研究。试验结果表明 :(1)以处理饮料废水的活性污泥接种的ＣＳＴＲ反应器 ,从第 2 6天开始成功地实现了亚硝化 ,并从第 73天开始 ,反应器出水中检测不到ＮＯ3 -;反应器在进水氨氮容积负荷达到 1 4ｋｇ/(ｍ3 ·ｄ)时 ,氨氮去除率仍保持在 95 %以上 ;(2 )以处理生活污水的活性污泥为接种污泥的ＣＳＴＲ反应器 ,以高浓度氨氮废水在较高负荷下直接启动 ,从第 1天开始就成功地实现了亚硝化 ,至第 2 3天之后出水中检测不到ＮＯ3 -;亚硝化反应器的…     

晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化反硝化工艺特性研究

采用间歇式反应器(Batch Reactor,BR)研究了晚期垃圾渗滤液短程硝化反硝化工艺(SND)工艺特性.试验发现:在进水氨氮负荷约为0.27 gNH3—N/(L·d),温度约为27℃,pH控制在7.5时,该工艺DO浓度控制在1 mg/L时硝化效果较好.DO浓度从0.75 mg/L增加到1 mg/L时,氨氧化速率明显增加;继续再增加溶解氧浓度,氨氧化速率增加不明显.在整个过程中,亚硝酸盐积累率变化不大,维持在91％以上.当温度控制在25℃以上时,反应器处理效果较好.随着温度的下降,亚硝酸菌和反硝化菌活性降低,当温度低于25℃时,氨氧化速率和亚硝酸盐降解速率下降较快,曝气时间和出水亚硝酸盐氮浓度明显增加.     

生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮的脱除

从垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氨氮的特性及其对渗滤液生化处理的影响出发 ,对渗滤液氨氮的脱除技术———氨吹脱、电化学氧化、生物脱氮进行了综述 ;并结合渗滤液回灌对生物脱氮新技术在渗滤液脱氮中的应用进行了探讨     

好氧硝化污泥启动厌氧氨氧化试验研究

以好氧硝化污泥为培养污泥,采用经稀释的猪场废水启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,经过125 d的培养,根据ASBR反应器出水水样监测结果显示:ASBR反应器稳定运行后NH4+-N、NO2--N的去除率分别达到91.7%、92.0%,说明采用ASBR反应器,接种好氧硝化污泥可成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,验证了利用厌氧氨氧化工艺处理类似养殖废水的高氨氮废水的可能性.     

常温亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺对淀粉废水生物脱氮的研究

采用常温亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺对淀粉废水生物处理出水进行生物脱氮处理,在SBR亚硝化反应器和气提式亚硝化反应器中均实现了稳定的半亚硝化反应。亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化工艺正常运行时,全流程总氮去除率基本维持在80%左右,最高达85.5%。一级亚硝化反应进水容积负荷为0.20kg/(m3·d),平均HRT为1.11d。厌氧氨氧化平均总氮进水容积负荷为1.11kg/(m3·d),最高达1.61kg/(m3·d);平均总氮去除负荷为0.83kg/(m3·d),最高去除负荷达1.29kg/(m3·d);平均HRT为0.20d。淀粉工业废水生物处理后出水中的有机物对亚硝化和厌氧氨氧化反应均未产生显著影响,所含过多的悬浮物和胶体物对亚硝化—厌氧氨氧化反应器存在潜在影响。     

高浓度氨氮渗滤液脱氦方式的比较及选择

氨氮浓度高是垃圾渗滤液的水质特征之一,目前对于高浓度氨氮废水的处理方法主要有硝化—反硝化、氨吹脱法、化学沉淀法以及新型生物脱氮技术。基于工程实例,对国内外已有的去除垃圾渗滤液高浓度氨氮的方法进行了阐述和对比,并对渗滤液处理厂脱氮方式的选择提出了建议。     

影响反硝化除磷与厌氧氨氧化耦合的因素

氧对厌氧氨氧化菌有毒,但在颗粒污泥和生物膜中的厌氧氨氧化菌对氧有较高的耐受能力,并且聚磷菌能消耗影响氧氨氧化菌生长的氧。厌氧氨氧化菌的生长无需有机物的参与,聚磷菌释磷需要吸收有机物,少量有机物的加入对厌氧氨氧化菌的活性影响不大。亚硝酸盐是厌氧氨氧化菌氧化氨的电子受体,较高浓度的亚硝酸盐对反硝化聚磷有抑制作用,但合适浓度的亚硝酸盐(该浓度可以通过驯化来提高)可以作为反硝化聚磷菌吸磷的电子受体。厌氧氨氧化过程中有硝酸盐生成,反硝化聚磷菌能利用这部分硝酸盐。另外,两类菌都适宜于中温略偏碱性的环境。因此,通过创造同时对厌氧氨氧化菌和反硝化聚磷菌有利的微生态环境,发挥两者在脱氮除磷方面的协同耦合作用,达到高度脱氮除磷,是极有前景的废水厌氧(缺氧)处理研究方向。     

Effect of advanced oxidation processes on the toxicity of municipal landfill leachates.

The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (oxidation ozone and peroxide/ozone) on the toxicity of leachates from municipal landfill for Warsaw, Poland, using a battery of tests. AOPs used to pre-treat leachates were carried out in laboratory conditions after their coagulation with the use of FeCl3. The effects of the pre-treatment of leachates using the method of coagulation with FeCl3 depended on the concentration of organic compounds and with optimal conditions of the process ranged from 40 to 70%. Further pre-treatment of the leachates after coagulation, involving the use of oxidation with 03 and H2O2/O3, did not cause significant decrease of leachate toxicity. The data of this study demonstrated the usefulness of the battery of tests using Daphnia magna, Artemia franciscana, Scenedesmus quadricauda and Vibrio fischeri for the toxicity evaluation of raw and pre-treated leachates.     

机械蒸发—离子交换铵回收工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

介绍了机械蒸发(MVC)-离子交换(DI)铵回收工艺的原理及相关技术参数,该技术解决了常规渗滤液处理技术能耗高的问题,在去除氨氮的同时,实现铵盐的回收利用,具有流程简单、占地少、运行费用低等优点。工程出水水质良好,达到《生活垃圾填埋场污染控制标准》(GB 16889—2008)和广东省地方标准《水污染物排放限值》(DB 44/26—2001)第二时段一级排放标准要求。     

Sequenced anaerobic-aerobic treatment of high strength, strong nitrogenous landfill leachates.

As a first step in treatment of high strength, strong nitrogenous landfill leachates (total COD--9.66-20.56 g/l, total nitrogen 780-1,080 mg/l), the performance of laboratory UASB reactors has been investigated under sub-mesophilic (19+/-3 degrees C) and psychrophilic (10+/-2 degrees C) conditions. Under hydraulic retention time (HRT) of around 1.2 days, when the average organic loading rate (OLR) was around 8.5 g COD/l/day, the total COD removal accounted for 71% (on average) for sub-mesophilic regime. The psychrophilic treatment conducted under the average HRT of 2.44 days and the average OLR of 4.2 g COD/l/day showed an average total COD removal of 58% giving effluents more suitable for subsequent biological nitrogen removal. Both anaerobic regimes were quite efficient for elimination of heavy metals by concomitant precipitation in the form of insoluble sulphides inside the sludge. The subsequent submesophilic aerobic-anoxic treatment of submesophilic anaerobic effluents led to only 75% of total inorganic N removal due to COD deficiency for denitrification created by too efficient anaerobic step. On the contrary, psychrophilic anaerobic effluents (richer in COD compared to the submesophilic ones) were more suitable for subsequent aerobic-anoxic treatment giving the total N removal of 95 and 92% at 19 and 10 degrees C, respectively.     

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物处理技术

城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液污染浓度极高,持续时间长,若不加处理而直接排放,会造成严重的环境污染.分析了渗滤液处理工艺的现状,并结合国内外的工程实例,重点阐述了渗滤液生物处理技术.     

Ozone catalysed with solids as an advanced oxidation process for landfill leachate treatment.

Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation (HCO) of wastewater is gaining both research and industrial interests. It is proved to be an advanced oxidation process since it involves hydroxyl radicals as oxidation species. Few studies have been carried out to test HCO in the treatment of landfill leachates. This work has been carried out to test three types of catalysts: activated carbon (AC), expanded perlite (EP) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) combined with ozone at 80 g/m3 gas concentration for the treatment of a leachate generated by Jebel Chakir landfill site near Tunis-capital of Tunisia. The work has shown a reduction in COD of about 45% and an increase in biodegradability (BOD5/COD) from 0.1 to 0.34. A catalyst concentration of 0.7 g/L was found optimal for the treatment of the leachate.     

Ammonia removal in the catalytic wet air oxygen process of landfill leachates with Co/Bi catalyst.

Oxidation of ammonia in landfill leachates in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) process was investigated with Co/Bi catalyst. The characterization of the Co/Bi catalyst was carried out by the X-ray diffraction technique. Studies of ammonia removal from the landfill leachates by CWAO showed that Co/Bi catalyst exhibited higher activities for both total organic carbon (TOC) and ammonia with removal levels of 99% for TOC and 98% for ammonia, respectively. Results also indicated that large amounts of ammonia were produced during the elimination of nitrogenous organic compounds in the CWAO process and the further oxidation of ammonia gave off essentially N2 under 240 degrees C. When the system temperature reached above 240 degrees C, ammonia oxidation rate was much higher with nitrate dominating in the effluent; a very small amount of nitrite was observed in the reaction process, it possibly acts as the intermediate of nitrate ion and molecular nitrogen formation, showing that the system temperature had significant effects on the ammonia oxidation and reaction selectivity towards the production of molecular nitrogen or nitrate.     

Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂的制备、表征及其对垃圾渗滤液微波催化氧化活性的研究

以浸渍法制备用于常温常压微波催化氧化工艺的负载型Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂并通过XRD和SEM手段进行表征;利用优化制备后的催化剂进行微波催化氧化垃圾渗滤液的研究.结果表明:Fe-O/CeO_2催化剂中活性组分Fe以α-Fe_2O_3和CeFe_2的形式存在.在渗滤液初始COD_(Cr)5 736 mg/L、氨氮1 840 mg/L、色度500倍和pH 8.69的条件下,在Fe-O/CeO_2投加量10 g/L、H_2O_2(30%)投加量22.5 mL/L、微波功率800 W、微波辐射时间10 min和水样初始浓度C_(水样)/C_(原水)为100%的最佳运行条件下,微波催化氧化工艺对COD_(Cr)、氨氮和色度的去除率分别为73%、78%和85%;在反应的第4～8 min和第2～8 min,COD_(Cr)和氨氮去除率分别与反应时间呈近似直线的关系.     

厌氧氨氧化脱氮技术的研究进展

介绍厌氧氨氧化技术机理以及与此相关的微生物生理生态学特征,综述该脱氧技术研究现状及具体应用以及不同反应器应用厌氧氨氧化技术的脱氧情况,比较不同脱氧工艺,探讨了厌氧氨氧化技术未来的研究重点。     

UASB-MBR-DTRO工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理中的应用

李坑生活垃圾填埋场污水处理站设计规模为800 m3/d,污水处理采用目前渗滤液处理中先进的UASB-MBR-DTRO工艺,污泥处理采用机械脱水-焚烧工艺,反渗透浓缩液采用回喷焚烧的方法,臭气处理采用分散收集后生物法集中除臭的方法.介绍了工程的设计情况,着重阐述了UASB池、MBR系统、DTRO系统工艺的设计参数、工艺流程及设计特点,为该工艺在垃圾渗滤液处理的工程应用提供参考.