Knockout of csrA Gene in Escherichia coli and Its Effects on Phenylalanine Biosynthesis

csrA 基因产物是大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成途径中碳中心代谢有关的一种全局性调控蛋白质.采用 Red 敲除系统介导的同源重组的方法定位缺失大肠杆菌染色体 csrA 基因,经 PCR、DNA 测序等多种方法证实了基因重组缺失的可靠性.csrA基因缺失后,缺失菌株较对照菌株,糖酸转化率有所提高,发酵生产苯丙氨酸的能力也得到一定的提高,产酸提高约13％.     

大肠杆菌莽草酸途径限速酶多基因盒的构建及基因替换

优化大肠杆菌芳香族氨基酸生物合成代谢途径 ,构建莽草酸代谢途径限速酶的多基因盒PtacaroAaroCaroBkan .利用Red重组系统 ,在破坏整体调控基因csrA时 ,替换多基因盒 .Southern印迹证实 ,基因破坏和基因替换是成功的 .摇瓶发酵表明 ,构建的基因工程菌株比原始菌株基础产酸率提高了 4 5 3倍     

rimJ基因缺失不影响大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)生长的温度敏感性

目的:研究rimJ基因对大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株生长的温度敏感性的影响。方法:利用SceⅠ-Red同源重组技术将大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)基因组中的rimJ基因缺失,得到rimJ缺失突变菌;比较缺失突变株和原始菌株在不同温度(25℃、37℃、42℃)下的最大比生长速率,利用统计学方法分析rimJ基因的缺失对BL21(DE3)菌株生长的温度敏感性是否有影响。结果:rimJ基因被成功敲除;统计分析结果表明缺失突变株和原始菌株的最大比生长速率没有明显区别。结论:rimJ基因缺失对大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)生长的温度敏感性无影响。     

大肠杆菌基因组基因无痕敲除的优化方法

目的：优化大肠杆菌基因组基因无痕敲除的方法,提高无痕敲除的效率。方法：以无痕敲除大肠杆菌nanKETA基因簇为模型,利用Red同源重组系统和核酸内切酶I-SceI的筛选作用,通过两步连续同源重组无痕敲除大肠杆菌CLM37基因组中的nanKETA基因,优化无痕敲除时同源DNA长度与诱导用于筛选阳性克隆I-SceI表达的诱导剂浓度。通过比较敲除nanKETA基因前后菌株的生长曲线,研究大肠杆菌CLM37缺失nanKETA基因后的生长状态。结果：成功无痕敲除大肠杆菌CLM37基因组中的nanKETA基因,并在无痕化处理时,通过延长与基因组同源DNA的长度,由通常使用的80碱基对延长到684碱基对;并通过提高诱导筛选基因表达的四环素的浓度,由500 μg/ml提高到1000 μg/ml后,使无痕敲除效率高达90%以上。生长曲线研究表明,缺失nanKETA基因后的菌株生长状态与原菌株基本一致。结论：通过延长与基因组同源的双链核苷酸的长度和诱导筛选基因表达的四环素的浓度可显著提高无痕敲除的效率。     

棉铃虫核型多角体病毒Ha105的序列分析及敲除和回复菌株的构建

通过生物信息学方法对Ha105的生物功能进行预测,运用λ噬菌体Red重组系统介导的同源重组,在大肠杆菌BW25113中,用含有350 bp同源臂的氯霉素抗性基因和绿色荧光蛋白基因替换了棉铃虫病毒细菌人工染色体HaBacHZ8上的Ha105基因,然后利用Bac-to-Bac系统把Ha105回复到Ha105缺失的重组病毒上,构建了Ha105的缺失和回复重组病毒.生物信息学分析结果表明,Ha105是bro基因家族成员,含有Bro-N结构域,可能对宿主细胞的转录和病毒复制有一定影响.此外,重组病毒的PCR及酶切结果表明,成功构建了vHaHa105-KO-PH-gfp缺失菌株和vHaHa105-REP-PH-gfp、vHaHa105-REP-gfp回复菌株.该Ha105缺失及回复菌株的获得为进一步研究Ha105的功能奠定基础.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶escN基因突变株的构建

目的:利用λ噬菌体的Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的Ⅲ型分泌系统ATP水解酶Esc N,构建大肠杆菌esc N基因缺失突变株。方法:以O157∶H7为模板,PCR扩增目的基因两侧的同源臂序列,分别酶切连接于p UC19-kan质粒上,PCR获得中间嵌合卡那霉素抗性基因(带有FRT位点)的同源线性片段,利用质粒p KD46和p CP20介导的重组技术敲除esc N基因,并去除抗性标记;PCR及测序验证目的基因缺失后,测定缺失株及野生菌株的生长曲线。结果:敲除了肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7的esc N基因,突变株与野生株的生长曲线相近。结论:构建了Ⅲ型分泌系统缺陷菌株,为进一步研究Ⅲ型分泌系统因子在肠出血性大肠杆菌致病过程中的作用奠定了基础。     

应用基因敲除快速构建大肠杆菌突变体改造脂肪酸代谢途径

【目的】基因敲除技术是研究基因功能的重要手段。我们试图建立一种快速、高效的大肠杆菌基因敲除方法。【方法】利用大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)BW25113单基因缺失体Keio文库,将经典的Red同源重组技术与P1噬菌体转导技术相结合,对E.coli MG1655脂肪酸代谢基因进行快速敲除。【结果】获得了大肠杆菌β-氧化途径的缺失菌株△fadD、△fadE和△fadD-△fadE;脂肪酸合成途径缺失菌株△fabH、△fabF和△fabH-△fabF。敲除fadD和fadE对生长情况没有影响;敲除fabH后,生长速度明显减慢;敲除fabF对生长几乎没有影响。FadD、FadE及双敲缺失体的脂肪酸含量18.2 mg/L、20.0mg/L和19.2 mg/L,略高于野生型17.5 mg/L;FabH、FabF及双敲缺失体的含量分别为12.6 mg/L、15.2 mg/L和11.2 mg/L,明显低于野生型。【结论】在单基因突变体文库基础上,利用P1噬菌体转导、Red同源重组和抗性基因消除进行基因敲除,简化了构建大肠杆菌单基因和多重突变体的方法。     

大肠杆菌TdcC、SstT和LIV-1系统缺失对胞外L-苏氨酸积累的影响

【目的】比较分析苏氨酸吸收系统TdcC、SstT和LIV-1缺失对大肠杆菌吸收和积累胞外苏氨酸的影响。【方法】从菌株E.coli W3110出发,敲除tdcC、sst T和liv J基因,构建Tdc C、SstT和LIV-1系统单缺失和多缺失菌株,将过量表达苏氨酸操纵子基因的重组质粒pKKthr AC1034TBC分别转入原始菌和重组菌,考察各菌株吸收和积累胞外苏氨酸的能力。【结果】敲除tdc C和sst T基因的重组菌T04的苏氨酸吸收能力比原始菌W3110降低了43.28%,T04(pKKthr AC1034TBC)胞外苏氨酸积累量最高达到1.09 g/L,比对照菌W3110(pKKthr AC1034TBC)高出172.5%。敲除tdcC、sstT和livJ基因的重组菌T07的苏氨酸吸收能力比T04降低了12.97%,然而T07(pKKthr AC1034TBC)胞外苏氨酸积累量最大为0.63 g/L,与T04(pKKthr AC1034TBC)相比降低了42.2%。【结论】阻断Tdc C和Sst T系统,能有效降低大肠杆菌吸收苏氨酸的能力,提高苏氨酸的胞外积累量。阻断LIV-1系统,虽然能减少大肠杆菌对苏氨酸的吸收,却不利于菌株积累胞外苏氨酸。     

大肠杆菌astE、rph基因敲除突变株的构建

目的:分别构建大肠杆菌astE、rph基因敲除突变株,并检测其异丁醇耐受性的变化。方法:利用Red重组系统分别敲除大肠杆菌的astE和rph基因,并对所获得的突变株进行异丁醇耐受性相关实验研究。结果:成功构建了astE基因缺失突变株△astE和rph基因缺失突变株Δrph,发现两种突变株的异丁醇耐受性均有所提高。结论:通过缺陷菌株的构建,为未来进一步代谢改造生产异丁醇和研究异丁醇耐受机制奠定了基础。     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失突变株的构建

目的:利用Red重组系统敲除肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体片段CP-933Y,进而构建CP-933Y缺失突变株。方法:以肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7菌株为模板,加入酶切位点PCR扩增前噬菌体CP-933Y上、下游各600 bp的同源臂序列;酶切后分别连接到p UC19-kan质粒的卡那霉素(包含FRT位点)抗性基因两侧,构建中间是卡那霉素抗性基因标记含有目的基因上、下游同源序列的线性片段;导入含有p KD46质粒的O157∶H7菌株中,利用Red编码的同源重组酶使该片段与目的基因上、下游发生同源重组,卡那霉素抗性基因置换菌株中CP-933Y前噬菌体片段,最后导入p CP20质粒去除卡那霉素抗性标记基因。结果:经PCR及测序验证,O157∶H7菌株中前噬菌体片段CP-933Y被敲除,敲除株与野生株具有相似的生长曲线。结论:构建了大肠杆菌O157∶H7前噬菌体CP-933Y缺失株,为进一步研究前噬菌体CP-933Y的功能奠定了基础。     

Biofilm Formation and Dispersal under the Influence of the Global Regulator CsrA of Escherichia coli

The predominant mode of growth of bacteria in the environment is within sessile, matrix-enclosed communities known as biofilms. Biofilms often complicate chronic and difficult-to-treat infections by protecting bacteria from the immune system, decreasing antibiotic efficacy, and dispersing planktonic cells to distant body sites. While the biology of bacterial biofilms has become a major focus of microbial research, the regulatory mechanisms of biofilm development remain poorly defined and those of dispersal are unknown. Here we establish that the RNA binding global regulatory protein CsrA (carbon storage regulator) of Escherichia coli K-12 serves as both a repressor of biofilm formation and an activator of biofilm dispersal under a variety of culture conditions. Ectopic expression of the E. coli K-12 csrA gene repressed biofilm formation by related bacterial pathogens. A csrA knockout mutation enhanced biofilm formation in E. coli strains that were defective for extracellular, surface, or regulatory factors previously implicated in biofilm formation. In contrast, this csrA mutation did not affect biofilm formation by a glgA (glycogen synthase) knockout mutant. Complementation studies with glg genes provided further genetic evidence that the effects of CsrA on biofilm formation are mediated largely through the regulation of intracellular glycogen biosynthesis and catabolism. Finally, the expression of a chromosomally encoded csrA'-'lacZ translational fusion was dynamically regulated during biofilm formation in a pattern consistent with its role as a repressor. We propose that global regulation of central carbon flux by CsrA is an extremely important feature of E. coli biofilm development.     

Global regulatory mutations in csrA and rpoS cause severe central carbon stress in Escherichia coli in the presence of acetate

The csrA gene encodes a small RNA-binding protein, which acts as a global regulator in Escherichia coli and other bacteria (T. Romeo, Mol. Microbiol. 29:1321-1330, 1998). Its key regulatory role in central carbon metabolism, both as an activator of glycolysis and as a potent repressor of glycogen biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis, prompted us to examine the involvement of csrA in acetate metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. We found that growth of csrA rpoS mutant strains was very poor on acetate as a sole carbon source. Surprisingly, growth also was inhibited specifically by the addition of modest amounts of acetate to rich media (e.g., tryptone broth). Cultures grown in the presence of >/=25 mM acetate consisted substantially of glycogen biosynthesis (glg) mutants, which were no longer inhibited by acetate. Several classes of glg mutations were mapped to known and novel loci. Several hypotheses were examined to provide further insight into the effects of acetate on growth and metabolism in these strains. We determined that csrA positively regulates acs (acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase; Acs) expression and isocitrate lyase activity without affecting key TCA cycle enzymes or phosphotransacetylase. TCA cycle intermediates or pyruvate, but not glucose, galactose, or glycerol, restored growth and prevented the glg mutations in the presence of acetate. Furthermore, amino acid uptake was inhibited by acetate specifically in the csrA rpoS strain. We conclude that central carbon flux imbalance, inhibition of amino acid uptake, and a deficiency in acetate metabolism apparently are combined to cause metabolic stress by depleting the TCA cycle.