边缘抽运复合Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器设计与功率扩展

设计了边缘抽运复合Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器.薄片激光器的显著优点是热梯度和激光传输方向相同，减小了横向的温度梯度，解决了高功率激光器冷却和高功率抽运的矛盾，避免了放大的自发辐射. 与高功率棒状和板条激光器相比，一维空间冷却理论和边缘抽运理论可以获得更高的功率输出，列举了两种高功率Yb:YAG/YAG薄片激光器设计实例. 关键词： 固体激光器 薄片激光 边缘抽运 功率扩展     

Yb∶YAG薄片激光介质的温度效应

研究了Yb∶YAG薄片激光器中影响激光介质温度的几个因素。理论和实验均表明减薄Yb∶YAG片并增加抽运光被YAG片吸收的次数 ,是降低激光介质温度、提高激光器输出功率和效率的有效途径。用 0 .35mm厚的Yb∶YAG薄片获得 15 .9W的 1.0 3μm激光输出 ,斜率效率超过 40 %。     

Yb3+:YAG片状激光器的温度效应及金刚石窗口冷却设计

 基于准三能级速率方程分析了Yb³⁺:YAG 片状激光器的温度效应，结果表明随着激光介质的温度由300 K升高到400 K，激光器的储能提取效率由43%下降到26%。提出了利用热传导性能及优异的金刚石窗口对激光片的两端面进行冷却设计。模拟结果表明对掺杂11.6 %厚度为1.2 mm的激光片在泵浦功率密度为15 kW/cm²，重复频率为10 Hz的条件下，要将最高温度控制在可接受的范围内（比如320 K），周围冷却水的对流换热系数不应小于2 kW/(m²·K）。模拟结果还表明，在相同的热功率密度和冷却条件下，减小激光片的厚度同时增加抽运光的传输次数可以明显的降低激光片的温度。     

Yb离子抽运动力学及脉冲储能特性研究

从准三能级Yb离子的能级结构出发，建立了Yb离子的抽运和激光速率方程，结合解析和数值方法，研究了Yb激光介质的抽运动力学过程，包括抽运激发效率、最低抽运强度、激光能量提取效率等关键参数.比较了三类典型的Yb激光介质性能：Yb:S-FAP,Yb:YAG以及Yb:FP-glass.以放大自发辐射(ASE)为设计判据，重点研究了脉冲储能型Yb激光器的设计准则，包括增益介质的厚度与掺杂浓度.最后利用此模型给出了基于Yb:S-FAP以及Yb:YAG的100J级二极管抽运固体激光器(DPSSL)的总体设计参数.将对基于Yb激光介质的脉冲储能型DPSSL的设计提供有益的参考. 关键词： Yb离子 速率方程 抽运动力学 二极管抽运固体激光器     

LD泵浦的被动调QYb:YAG薄片激光器实验研究

采用中心波长为940nm的激光二极管泵浦,实现了Yb:YAG薄片的Cr4+:YAG被动调Q激光输出.Yb:YAG薄片掺杂Yb3+离子浓度为10%,厚度为500μm.理论上计算了Yb:YAG薄片在直接水冷方式与不同厚度SiC冷却方式下的温度分布.实验中采用厚度800μm的SiC冷却方式,获得了最高功率2.8 W的1 030nm连续激光输出,输出功率相比直接水冷方式提高了40%.通过Degnan理论优化了被动调Q晶体Cr4+:YAG的初始透过率和输出耦合镜,采用初始透过率为93%的Cr4+:YAG晶体和透过率为10%的输出耦合镜,在800μm SiC冷却方式下,获得了平均输出功率1.95 W、单脉冲能量1.2mJ、脉冲宽度74ns、重复频率1.6kHz的稳定调Q脉冲输出,斜效率为18.1%.光束质量因子M2x=1.622,M2y=1.616.     

脉冲储能型重复频率Yb:YAG片状激光放大器ASE效应研究

探讨了脉冲储能型重复频率片状Yb:YAG激光放大器抽运过程中的自发辐射放大（ASE）效应和能量提取过程.在Yb³⁺离子抽运动力学的基础上,建立了抽运过程中的自发辐射放大模型,计算了Yb:YAG晶体中三维含时储能密度分布和全片可提取能量.讨论了不同介质尺寸、掺杂浓度及厚度、介质温度参数下,自发辐射放大对储能的影响.给出了较为优化的设计,将有助于基于Yb激光材料的大能量二极管抽运的固体激光器设计. 关键词： 脉冲储能 Yb:YAG激光放大器 自发辐射放大（ASE）     

角抽运Yb:YAG激光器

报道了一种高功率准三能级激光器角抽运方法，抽运光从板条激光器结构中的板条工作介质的角注入，综合考虑抽运吸收、抽运亮度、晶体的掺杂浓度以及晶体尺寸等因素，进行了角抽运复合Yb:YAG激光器设计，实验上获得了最大连续输出功率400W, 斜效率28%的输出，实验结果充分证明了角抽运原理的正确性和应用于高功率激光器方面的可行性. 关键词： Yb:YAG 角抽运 复合晶体     

LD抽运钕玻璃薄片放大器热管理结构

基于传热学基本理论,借助有限元分析方法,对LD端面抽运钕玻璃薄片激光放大器激光介质的瞬态热效应进行数值模拟.通过对不同边界条件下钕玻璃薄片内部温度场及应力场的分析,研究了LD端面抽运钕玻璃薄片的热效应特性,并对比了不同热管理方案下钕玻璃薄片的温度分布.结果表明:采用白宝石窗口结合外围热沉TEC制冷的冷却方案最佳.此种冷却方案下钕玻璃薄片内最高温度在非抽运面中心处,约120℃.虽然比直接对抽运面水冷方式的冷却效果稍差,但是可以避免抽运面直接水冷所引起的一些问题.相关研究结果也表明,由于钕玻璃热阻较大,即使加强径向散热,抽运区的热量仍然难以从径向疏散,对热管理方案进行优化时应该考虑从尺寸较小的轴向进行散热.     

Yb：YAG薄片激光介质的温度效应

研究了Yb:YAG薄片激光器中影响激光介质温度的几个因素,理论和实验均表明减薄Yb:YAG片并增加抽运光被YAG片吸收的次数,是降低激光介质温度,提高激光器输出功率和效率的有效途径。用0．35mm厚的Yb:YAG薄片获得了15．9W的1．03um激光输出,斜率效率超过40％。     

LD抽运Yb:GSO实现1090 nm低阈值激光运转

用Yb:Gd₂SiO₅(Yb:GSO)晶体实现激光运转.利用940 nm的二极管激光器作为抽运源，得到Yb:GSO激光器的激光中心波长为1090 nm，抽运阈值功率密度仅为1.27 kW/cm²，小于Yb:YAG的理论阈值1.53 kW/cm².利用2%的输出镜得到最大输出功率为360 mW，相应的斜效率为19%. 关键词： Yb:GSO晶体 激光二极管抽运 阈值     

Temperature-related performance of Yb^3＋：YAG disc lasers and optimum design for diamond cooling

In this paper the temperature-related performances of the Yb^3＋：YAG disc laser has been investigated based on quasi-three level rate equation model. A compact diamond window cooling scheme also has been demonstrated. In this cooling scheme, laser disc is placed between two thin discs of single crystal synthetic diamond, the heat transfer from Yb^3＋：YAG to the diamond, in the direction of the optical axis, and then rapidly conducted radically outward through the diamond to the cooling water at the circumference of the diamond/Yb^3＋ ：YAG assembly. Simulation results show that increasing the thickness of the diamond and the overlap-length （between diamond and water） decreases the disc temperature. Therefore a 0.3-0.5 mm thick diamond window with the overlap-length of 1.5 2.0 mm will provide acceptable cost effective cooling, e.g., with a pump intensity of 15 kW/cm^2 and repetitive rate of 10 Hz, to keep the maximum temperature of the lasing disc below a reasonable value （310K）, the heat exchange coefficient of water should be about 3000 W/m^2K.     

侧面抽运板状激光介质的热汇冷却

高热负荷固体激光介质的热效应已经成为制约激光器功率进一步提高的严重障碍,只有对激光介质进行有效的冷却才能保证其安全运行。以不均匀换热系数模型为基础,研究了具有非均匀内热源的侧面双向抽运板状激光介质在狭窄通道强制对流冷却情况下的耦合换热问题,对热汇冷却方案下介质的温度分布和热应力分布进行了数值模拟和分析,并对复合介质、蓝宝石和金刚石三种热汇材料进行对比。结果表明,忽视换热系数的非均匀性将导致应力计算结果偏低。对于侧面抽运、侧面冷却的激光介质,金刚石热汇冷却方案最佳,蓝宝石热汇方案次之,而复合介质方案不宜采用。     

Effect of heat spreader thickness and material on temperature distribution and stresses in thin disk laser crystals

Yb:YAG thin disk is mounted on the surface of the W–Cu heat spreader. The back side of the heat spreader is cooled directly using jet-impingement cooling system. In order to reduce the undesirable effects caused by the increase of temperature in gain medium, numerical analysis of the influence of material type and thickness of heat spreader was performed. The effect of various materials and thickness on temperature distribution, deformation and stress in disk laser is investigated using FEM analysis. Good agreement between the temperature distribution of numerical results and experimental thermography is obtained.     

Design of a RF window for 170 GHz, 1 MW gyrotron for ECRH application

This paper describes the design of a large sized diamond window for 1 MW, 170 GHz gyrotron. The diameter and the thickness of the diamond window are 80 mm and 1.482 mm, respectively, whose edge is directly cooled by water. The CST microwave studio has been used for the S-parameter, and finite element analysis code ANSYS has been used for the thermal and the structural simulation. The return loss (S₁₁) and insertion loss (S₂₁) of the 170 GHz gyrotron window have been found −39.80 dB and −0.011 dB, respectively. The thermal and structural analysis of RF window the 397 K temperature at disk center and maximum displacement 0.01 mm has been found in the window disk during the thermal analysis.     

高功率半导体激光器微通道热沉的方案设计

 对用于高功率半导体激光器的叠片式微通道热沉进行方案设计,利用计算流体力学和数值传热学对各种方案进行数值仿真,研究了微通道的特征尺寸和流量等因素对冷却效果和流动阻力特性的影响,一般情况下,减小微通道的特征尺寸和增加冷却水的流量可以降低传热热阻,但增加了流动压力损失;另外对金刚石热扩散片（次热沉）的效果也进行了数值计算,计算结果表明:金刚石热扩散片在该类型问题中降低温度作用明显。     

涡流管冷却的旋转晶体窗口有限元分析

 采用有限元分析方法,考虑到输出窗口在空间上的分布不均匀性,对白宝石、石英晶体窗口在光强分布均匀/不均匀、有/无冷却、是否旋转等各种情况下的温度场进行了分析和讨论。结果表明：当光强分布不均匀时,采用旋转方法能有效地减小温度场的不均匀性;当对输出窗口进行强迫冷却时,输出窗口温度场不均匀性明显减小。因此采用涡流管冷却的旋转晶体窗口能有效改善输出窗口的输出特性。     

涡流管冷却的旋转晶体窗口有限元分析

采用有限元分析方法,考虑到输出窗口在空间上的分布不均匀性,对白宝石、石英晶体窗口在光强分布均匀/不均匀、有/无冷却、是否旋转等各种情况下的温度场进行了分析和讨论.结果表明当光强分布不均匀时,采用旋转方法能有效地减小温度场的不均匀性;当对输出窗口进行强迫冷却时,输出窗口温度场不均匀性明显减小.因此采用涡流管冷却的旋转晶体窗口能有效改善输出窗口的输出特性.     

Analytical model of transient thermal effect on convectional cooled end-pumped laser rod

The transient analytical solutions of temperature distribution, stress, strain and optical path difference in convectional cooled end-pumped laser rod are derived. The results are compared with other works and good agreements are found. The effects of increasing the edge cooling and face cooling are studied. It is found that an increase in the edge cooling has significant effect on reducing the maximum temperature that can be reached in the laser rod but it has no effect on the value of optical path difference. It is also found that increasing this type of cooling significantly reduces the time required to reach the thermal equilibrium with a slight increase in the max. tensile hoop stress that can be reached as the cooling increases. On the other hand, increase in face cooling reduces the response time, optical path difference and the maximum temperature that can be reached in the laser rod but a significant increase in the max. tensile hoop stress is observed. A matching between the advantages of these two type of cooling may be useful for a designer.     

Heat resistance of the interface in the silicon-on-diamond structure at a temperature of 80 K

Heat propagation at liquid nitrogen temperature in a heterostructure consisting of a polycrystalline diamond film deposited from hydrocarbon plasma on an oriented silicon substrate is studied. A technique for measuring the cooling kinetics of a thin-film indium thermometer deposited on a diamond film after heating by nanosecond pulses of a nitrogen laser is used. The experimental data are compared with the results calculated within the theory of heat conduction for multilayer systems. The analysis performedmade it possible to simultaneously determine the thermal conductivity of the diamond film and the interfacial heat resistance of diamond/Si and In/diamond interfaces at liquid nitrogen temperature.