时效和预变形对2195铝锂合金组织与性能的影响

利用透射电镜、拉伸试验等手段，研究了时效温度、时效时间和预变形量对2195铝锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响，优化了铝锂合金的时效处理工艺。结果表明：T6态和T8态铝锂合金的硬度均会随着时效时间的延长先增加后减小，经过预变形处理后铝锂合金的峰值硬度对应的时效时间缩短；随着时效时间的延长，T6态和T8态铝锂合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和断后伸长率的变化趋势相同，经过预变形处理的T8态(预变形量5%+175℃/36 h)铝锂合金的峰值抗拉强度、峰值屈服强度和对应断后伸长率较T6态(175℃/48h)铝锂合金分别增加了11.58%、22.97%和17.78%。T6态和T8态铝锂合金中均存在颗粒状δ′相、针状θ′相、类球形δ′/β′复合相和针状T₁相，且后者的T₁相更加细小、数量更多、分布更加均匀。2195铝锂合金适宜的时效工艺和预变形量为175℃/36 h+5%。     

两种Ce微合金化铝锂合金形变热处理时的微观组织与拉伸性能

研究了Ce添加量分别为0.09%及0.23%的Al-4.15Cu-1.25Li-X高强铝锂合金薄板T6态时效(175℃时效)及T8态时效(5%冷轧预变形+155℃时效)时的微观组织和拉伸性能。结果表明,相比T6态时效,T8态时效时铝锂合金强度及伸长率均有所提高。T8态时效时,含0.23%Ce的铝锂合金强度及伸长率均低于Ce含量为0.09%的铝锂合金。Ce含量增加未改变铝锂合金中时效析出相的种类,主要强化相仍为T1相(Al_2CuLi)及θ'相(Al_2Cu),但其数量减少。微量Ce的添加可形成含Ce且富Cu的Al_8Cu_4Ce相粒子,这些粒子在均匀化及固溶处理时均难以完全溶解。Ce含量增加,导致固溶基体中Cu含量降低,时效时含Cu析出相T1相及θ'相含量减少,铝锂合金强度降低。     

不同时效制度对铝锂合金力学性能与微观组织的影响

本文采用TEM、SEM、EBSD和室温拉伸测试等方法，研究了时效温度及预拉伸过程对喷射成形2195铝锂合金挤压棒组织性能的影响规律。结果表明：当时效温度低于145℃时，2195铝锂合金T6状态下基体微观组织中主要形成GP区+θ?/θ’相，而T8状态下基体微观组织中主要形成T1+θ’相，且T8状态下合金的晶界无析出带宽度相对T6状态显著降低。当时效温度增加至155℃时，2195铝锂合金T6状态下基体微观组织发生显著变化，逐渐由GP区+θ?/θ’相向T1+θ?/θ’相转变，并伴随θ?/θ’相数量的减少，而T8状态下基体微观组织由T1+θ?/θ’相转变为以T1相为主导的微观组织。3%的预拉伸增加了基体中的位错密度，可作为T1相优先形核位置，导致相同时效温度下，T8态合金的屈服强度明显高于T6态合金，但对抗拉强度的影响不明显，这是沉淀强化效果优于加工硬化效果导致的。T6状态下(165℃, 24 h)时效处理获得最佳的强塑性(抗拉强度584 MPa，屈服强度526 MPa，断后伸长率11.5%)，而T8状态下3%预拉伸+(155℃, 24 h)时效获得最佳的强塑性匹配(抗拉强度622 MPa，屈...     

重固溶-不同温度T8再时效2195铝锂合金的力学性能与显微组织演化

以5.2 mm厚度2195-T8铝锂合金为对象,进行重固溶、4.5%预变形后不同温度(145C~160℃)的T8再时效处理,研究其力学性能与晶内显微组织演化。结果表明:重固溶处理后的晶粒形态与原始2195-T8态晶粒形态一样,仍然保持为拉长的带状晶粒组织。重固溶并经4.5%预变形后,再采用适当的温度和时间进行T8时效处理,2195铝锂合金可以回复到原始T8态的显微组织和力学性能,即2195铝锂合金采用重固溶-T8再时效处理不会明显损害其力学性能。2195铝锂合金的晶内时效析出相包括T1相(Al2Cu Li)、δ′相(Al3Li)、θ′相(Al2Cu)及θ″相(Al2Cu),其中优先析出相为T1相;较低温度及较短时间时效可形成较多δ′相和θ″相;随着时效时间延长,T1相生长,θ″相转化为θ′相并减少,δ′相消失;时效温度提高可促进该转变过程,加快铝锂合金的时效响应速度。     

微量In对Al-Cu-1.0Li-(Mg)合金微观组织与拉伸性能的影响（英文）

研究了Al-Cu-Li-(0.35Mg)-(0.2In)合金的拉伸性能、时效析出相类型及其分布。T6峰时效时,Al-Cu-Li合金的时效析出相为T1(Al_2CuL i)和θ'(Al_2Cu)相。添加0.2%In时,T6态时效早期形成许多方块状的立方相Al_5Cu_6Li_2,且随时间延长其尺寸保持稳定;同时,可促进θ'相析出,相应合金的时效响应加速,强度提高。同时添加In和Mg可抑制Al_5Cu_6Li_2相析出,但促进T1相析出。In和Mg的复合微合金化效果小于2050铝锂合金中Ag和Mg的复合微合金化效果,因而In+Mg复合微合金化铝锂合金T6态强度低于Ag+Mg复合微合金化的2050铝锂合金。T8态时效时,时效前预变形产生的位错抑制了In元素单独添加和In+Mg复合添加的微合金化效果。     

Ce对高强Al-Cu-Li合金组织及拉伸性能的影响

采用金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜及拉伸性能在测试研究0.11%Ce(质量分数)添加对一种Al-Cu-Li系高强铝锂合金薄板T8态时效(5%冷轧预变形+155℃时效)组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:0.11%Ce添加明显降低合金强度,但伸长率略有增加。微量Ce添加可细化铸态晶粒组织及固溶再结晶晶粒组织;而且微量Ce添加未改变铝锂合金中时效析出相的种类,主要强化相仍然为T1相(Al_2CuLi)及θ′相(Al_2Cu),但其数量减少。铝锂合金中添加微量Ce,凝固时可形成含Ce且富Cu的Al_8Cu_4Ce相粒子,在后续均匀化及固溶处理时均难以完全溶解,导致固溶基体中的Cu含量降低,时效时含Cu析出相T1相及θ′相含量减少,合金强度降低。     

固溶时效工艺对2297铝锂合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

通过扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和拉伸性能测试等方法系统研究固溶和时效工艺对2297铝锂合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明:实验合金较为适宜的固溶制度为((535±5)℃,1.5 h),基体中的第二相得到比较充分的溶解,同时抑制再结晶晶粒长大。T6态的主要强化相为T_1相和θ′相,T8态的主要强化相为T_1相,时效前的预变形可以促进T1相的形成,提高合金的强度峰值,缩短合金达到峰值的时间,160℃时效后,未经预变形的合金的强度峰值为392 MPa,到峰时间为48 h,变形量为7%时,合金的强度峰值最高,达到482 MPa,到峰时间为23 h。     

预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相与力学性能的影响

研究时效前预拉伸对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金析出相和力学性能的影响。结果表明:165℃时效前的预拉伸可提高合金的峰值硬度及强度,延长峰值时效的时间;合金的主要强化相是Ω相和θ′相,预拉伸引入的位错抑制了Ω相的析出与长大,细化Ω相的尺寸,同时促进θ′相的析出;时效前未经变形时,合金出现峰值的时间是10h,对应的σb为492MPa;时效前经4%预拉伸变形后,合金出现峰值的时间是18h,对应的σb为508MPa。     

稀土元素Ce和预变形对Al—Li—Cu—Zr合金时效相变过程的影响

以2090铝锂合金为对象，研究了稀土元素Ce和预变形对其时效过程的影响，结果表明：微量Ce(0.11%),能显著弥散T1相，使T1相均匀，细小地析出，且在峰时效态表现明显，但Ce对δ′相的相变过程影响不大，预变形使合金位错密度增大，减小了T1相的形核功，从而促进了T1相和δ′相析出；微量稀土元素Ce(0.04%-0.14%)和预变形（3％－9％）配合使用可达到更好的综合性能效果。     

预变形对2195铝锂合金拉伸力学性能的影响

通过硬度测试、室温拉伸测试、电子背散射衍射分析(EBSD)、透射电子显微分析(TEM)以及数字图像相关(DIC)等手段,研究不同拉伸预变形量对2195铝锂合金在155℃时效后拉伸力学性能的影响。结果表明：拉伸预变形量为2%、4%、6%、8%的合金经过155℃时效后,其抗拉强度分别为560.4 MPa、570.8 MPa、573.6 MPa、575.9 MPa。随着预变形量的增大,合金强度不断提高,这是由于位错是强化相T1相的有利形核点位,拉伸预变形量的增大使得位错密度增加,从而使得T1相数量密度增加。但随着拉伸预变形量的增大,拉伸预变形对合金的强度提升幅度逐渐减小,这主要是位错堆积缠结,析出相形核点重叠导致的。随着拉伸预变形量从2%增大到8%,合金的伸长率从9.6%下降到6.4%。通过DIC观察,拉伸预变形量的增大会使得拉伸过程中的应变集中现象提前出现,颈缩稳定性有所降低。这是由于较大的拉伸预变形量会使得合金在预变形阶段的应变分布不均匀,合金内出现破碎的变形组织晶粒。这些变形组织晶粒与周围其他晶粒组织的晶粒取向不同,更有利于微裂纹的萌生和扩展。4%的拉伸预变形量可以使2195铝锂合金达...     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.