壳聚糖负载TiO_2抗菌材料的研究

壳聚糖是天然的抗菌材料,具有广谱抗菌性、生物相容性好、可降解,广泛应用于工农业、医药、化工、环境保护等领域。TiO_2具有优异的抗菌性、吸收紫外线、无毒等优良特性。用溶液扩散法制备纳米壳聚糖颗粒并负载纳米TiO_2制备复合抗菌材料。     

壳聚糖/纳米TiO_2对淀粉复合膜性能的影响

以马铃薯淀粉为基材,壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2为增强相,研究壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2对马铃薯淀粉成膜性能的影响。通过溶液共混法将壳聚糖的乙酸溶液与马铃薯淀粉糊化液,按照4∶6的比例均匀混合,加入纳米Ti O2流延成膜,研究壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2对复合膜的阻氧性及透湿性的影响;用XRD、SEM表征复合膜的结构与形态。研究结果表明,马铃薯淀粉与壳聚糖、纳米TiO2组分成膜时具有良好的相容性;壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2能有效改善复合膜的水蒸气透过性和阻氧性;纳米TiO_2/壳聚糖/马铃薯淀粉复合膜较马铃薯淀粉单膜、马铃薯淀粉/壳聚糖复合膜、马铃薯淀粉/纳米TiO_2复合膜的阻氧性提高了43. 38%、7. 56%、19. 14%;水蒸气透过率降低了32. 41%、39. 18%、30. 89%。壳聚糖和纳米TiO_2添加到马铃薯淀粉液中共混制膜,能够增强复合膜的性能。     

纳米TiO_2晶形对合成革用阴离子水性聚氨酯性能的影响

用纳米微粒直接分散法制备了纳米TiO2/水性聚氨酯复合膜,考察了纳米TiO2晶形(金红石型和锐钛矿型)对复合膜性能的影响。黏度分析表明,金红石型纳米TiO2增黏效果较好。粒径、SEM和AFM分析表明,添加纳米TiO2不影响聚氨酯乳液的稳定性,复合粒子仍然以纳米级存在,两种晶形的纳米TiO2均能均匀分散于复合膜中,并对复合膜表面的平整度无影响;接触角和卫生性能测试表明,两种晶形的复合膜都没有防水性,添加锐钛矿型纳米TiO2复合膜的卫生性能较好;机械性能和抗菌性测试表明,添加锐钛矿型纳米TiO2的复合膜具有更好的力学性能和抗菌性能。     

纳米TiO2晶型对合成革用阴离子水性聚氨酯性能的影响

用纳米微粒直接分散法制备了纳米TiO2/水性聚氨酯复合膜,考察了纳米TiO2晶型（金红石型和锐钛矿型）对复合膜性能的影响。粘度分析表明：金红石型纳米TiO2增粘效果较好。粒径、SEM和AFM分析表明：添加纳米TiO2不影响聚氨酯乳液的稳定性,复合粒子仍然以纳米级存在,两种晶型的纳米TiO2均能均匀分散于复合膜中,并对复合膜表面的平整度无影响;接触角和卫生性能测试表明：两种晶型的复合膜都没有防水性,添加锐钛矿型纳米TiO2复合膜的卫生性能较好;机械性能和抗菌性测试表明：添加锐钛矿型纳米TiO2的复合膜具有更好的力学性能和抗菌性能。     

壳聚糖/二氧化钛的制备及其抗菌光催化性能

采用均匀沉淀法制备了壳聚糖/二氧化钛复合光催化剂,研究了壳聚糖掺杂量、溶液pH对复合光催化剂抗菌净化性能的影响。结果表明,样品450℃热处理2 h后TiO2为锐钛矿晶型;TiO2表面—OH与壳聚糖之间因氢键而发生吸收峰波数移动;中性制备条件下的壳聚糖与TiO2质量比为1∶8的复合光催化剂具有优良的抗菌能力,8 W紫外光灯照射下2 h对甲基橙的降解率达到100%。     

纳米TiO2/PSB复合乳液的制备与性能研究

为了提高丁苯乳液涂膜力学性能,用硅烷偶联剂(KH-570)改性纳米TiO2,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,制备TiO2/聚丁苯(PSB)复合乳液。采用FT-IR、TEM表征TiO2/PSB复合乳液乳胶粒子结构,结果表明合成了以TiO2为核的核壳结构纳米TiO2/PSB乳胶粒子。探讨了纳米TiO2、乳化剂、电解质、引发剂及增稠剂用量、聚合时间与温度、单体配比等对TiO2/PSB复合乳液性能的影响。确立了适宜的聚合工艺条件:纳米TiO2、乳化剂用量分别为总质量的0.5%和3.5%,电解质和引发剂用量为单体质量的0.4%,聚合温度和时间分别为64℃和3.5 h,可制备出高固高黏且性能优良的复合乳液。经纳米TiO2改性的PSB复合乳液涂膜性能较未改性的,在黏度、硬度、耐冲击性、耐洗刷性、附着力及耐水性等方面均有明显改善。     

具有光催化活性的纳米氧化物固载化技术研究

综述了具有光催化活性的纳米氧化物固载化的各种技术及不同载体对其光催化活性的影响,介绍了课题组在该方面所作的一些研究工作:采用离子掺杂纳米ZnO后在玻璃片/铝箔上涂膜、SnO2修饰的纳米ZnO的复合溶胶在玻璃片/铝箔上镀膜、在金属表面采用纳米TiO2复合电镀成膜等不同的方法,实现了纳米氧化物复合膜光催化剂的固载化,并以甲基橙水溶液模拟有机污染物,研究了不同的纳米氧化物复合膜的光催化降解性能.认为溶胶法制备复合膜及复合电镀成膜应是很有发展前途的两种方法.     

壳聚糖保鲜涂膜纳米SiO_x修饰工艺优化的研究

为了提高壳聚糖涂膜的力学性能和降低其透水率,实验先以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)活化纳米SiOx,随后将其加到壳聚糖乙酸溶液中,并用流延法制得分散比较均匀的壳聚糖纳米复合膜.此外采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计方法,优化了壳聚糖/纳米SiO(CTS/SiOx)复合涂膜的制备工艺条件,并通过红外(IR),X射线衍射(XRD)和电镜透射(TEM)手段对CTS/SiOx.复合涂膜的性能和结构进行袭征.优化结果表明,当壳聚糖(CTS)、活化纳米SiOx和单甘酯(Glyc)添加量分别为1.547 g、0.028 g和0.015 g时,CTS/SiOx,复合涂膜的性能达到最优,其拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别为54.85MPa和51.77kN·m-1,分别比未修饰壳聚糖单膜提高了63%和12%,而透水率却下降了73%.将制备的CTS/SiOx复合涂膜用于果蔬室温保鲜,保鲜质量和保鲜时间比对照组均有明显提高.     

复合涂料中纳米TiO2降解污染物和抗菌性能研究

利用纳米尺度分散TiO2的光催化作用，研究纳米TiO2光催化剂复合涂料降解空气中氨气、甲醛和苯类化合物及抗菌防霉的性能。测试结果表明：该涂料对密闭空间内的甲醛、氨气和苯类等化合物的降解效率均可达到90％以上，对多种有害细菌均具有杀菌彻底性和长效性，并且其光催化作用可以摆脱光源条件的严格限制。并探讨了纳米TiO2复合涂料光催化降解及抗菌作用的机理。     

壳聚糖/纳米TiO2复合膜最佳配比的研究及其在鲤鱼保鲜中的应用

透水量的大小可以作为壳聚糖/纳米Ti O2复合膜保鲜效果好坏的标准。以透水量为目标函数,对壳聚糖用量、Ti O2用量和甘油用量进行L9(3)3三因素三水平的正交实验,实验结果表明:每100g复合膜溶液中壳聚糖2.0g,纳米Ti O20.03g,甘油2.5g,壳聚糖复合涂膜的透水量达到最低,在此含量下,将其应用于鲤鱼的保鲜,并对挥发性盐基氮、微生物指标、感官指标等进行测定,复合膜可以达到较好的保鲜效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.