定向凝固NiAl-Fe-Nb金属间化合物的显微组织和类超塑性行为

研究了定向凝固Ni 2 0Al 2 7Fe 3Nb金属间化合物的显微组织和高温拉伸条件下的变形行为。结果表明 ,该合金的显微组织由枝晶 β NiAl相和枝晶间γ/γ′相组成。在 95 0～ 110 0℃之间以 5 .2× 10 -4～ 1.0 4× 10 -2s-1的初始应变速率拉伸变形时 ,该合金表现出类似超塑性的变形行为 ,应变速率敏感指数m在 0 .2 1～ 0 .4 5之间。在 10 5 0℃以 5 .2× 10 -3 s-1的初始应变速率拉伸时 ,获得最大延伸率 2 6 0 % ,m =0 .2 9。通过显微组织观察 ,对这种具有类似超塑性变形行为的机理进行了初步的讨论     

超高速定向凝固钴基合金的结晶组织

介绍了最新研制的超高梯度定向凝固装置的原理,并利用此装置研究了钴基高温合金 K10在超高速定向凝固条件下凝固组织的变化规律,探讨了一、二次枝晶间距与冷却速率的关系。结果表明,超高速定向凝固组织的一、二次枝晶间距仅为 HRS 法定向凝固时的 1/5和1/8,而且随着冷却速率的增大,一、二次枝晶间距减小,并分别遵循λ_1=1.428×10~3(G·v)~(-1);λ_2=0.312×10~3(G·v)~(-1)。     

SPZ钛合金超塑性变形后的微观组织研究

研究了SPZ钛合金的超塑性变形及其变形前后的显微组织。研究结果表明,大塑性变形后,SPZ合金轧棒组织为利于超塑性的细小均匀的等轴组织。SPZ合金在740℃～800℃之间具有超塑性,在760℃,初始应变速率为1.11×10~(-3)s~(-1)时,合金的最大超塑延伸率可达2149％；应变速率为1.11×10.~(-2)s~(-1)时,超塑延伸率仍可达1380％。超塑性变形后的晶粒尺寸比变形前粗大,变形温度越高,晶粒长大程度越大。变形前合金的晶粒尺寸为0.89μm；应变速率为2.22×10~(-3)s~(-1)时,在740℃,760℃,780℃变形后晶粒尺寸分别为1.51μm,2.33μm,3.21μm。SPZ合金超塑性变形的微观机制足以晶界滑动为主,晶内变形以及位错蠕变起协调作用。合金超塑性变形与类流态的关系还有待深入研究。     

Fe_(78)Si_9B_(13)非晶合金的高温变形性能

通过高温拉伸及胀形实验,研究了Fe78Si9B13非晶合金的塑性变形性能。高温拉伸的温度范围为430℃~530℃,初始应变速率为1.67×10-4s-1~1.67×10-3s-1。利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对高温变形后的微观组织进行了分析。高温拉伸的延伸率随温度的升高先增大后减小,450℃时达到最大;在450℃,初始应变速率为8.33×10-4s-1时延伸率为40%。在450℃胀形得到半径为5mm、高4mm的近半球试件,显示了Fe78Si9B13非晶合金具有良好的高温变形性能。高温塑性变形过程中伴随着非晶的晶化,使塑性流动应力增大,影响了Fe78Si9B13非晶合金的高温变形性能。     

5A90铝锂合金电子束对接板超塑性变形行为与组织

采用高温拉伸试验法对5A90铝锂合金电子束对接板超塑性变形行为进行了研究,并用显微镜对焊缝变形前后的显微组织进行观察。结果表明,随温度升高和初始应变速率增大,焊板的伸长率先增大后减小,在450℃,5×10~(-3)s~(-1)时达到最大为168%;焊板接头部分的塑性变形率随初始应变速率增大而增大,随温度升高先增大后减小,在变形参数为475℃,1×10~(-2)s~(-1)时达到最大为92%。随变形进行,焊缝中共晶组织逐渐消失,枝状晶不断长大并"熔解"在粗大等轴晶内。元素扩散导致的晶界迁移参与协调了接头的变形,温度升高和应变速率增加都可提高晶界迁移速率。     

TA32钛合金板材的超塑性能研究

研究了真空环境中TA32钛合金板材在温度950℃、应变速率5. 32×10~(-4)～2. 08×10~(-2)s~(-1)条件下的超塑性变形行为。结果表明,在不同应变速率条件下,合金的流变应力曲线特征和显微组织演变显著不同。在应变速率较低(5. 32×10~(-4)～3. 33×10~(-3)s~(-1))条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线呈传统超塑变形的稳态流动特征,变形后的合金中初生α相晶粒尺寸较大;在高应变速率(8. 31×10~(-3)s~(-1)～2. 08×10~(-2)s~(-1))条件下,拉伸真应力-真应变曲线中流变应力增大到峰值后快速单调递减直至试样断裂,合金变形过程中初生α相发生动态再结晶,晶粒尺寸较低应变速率条件下显著细化。950℃时,TA32钛合金板材均具有超塑性变形能力,超塑性延伸率在145%～519%之间;当应变速率为5. 32×10~(-4)s~(-1)时,具有最佳的超塑性,拉伸延伸率可达519%。断裂区形貌分析发现,TA32钛合金板材的超塑性断裂模式为空洞聚集-连接-长大型断裂。     

T型通道挤压变形Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce合金的超塑性和组织演变

采用T型通道挤压(TCP)对Mg-1.5Mn-0.3Ce合金(质量分数,%)进行了4道次热挤压变形,其平均晶粒尺寸由原始轧制态的35μm细化至2μm;TEM观察表明,经TCP变形后细小的第二相粒子Mg_(12)Ce弥散分布于晶内及晶界处.变形合金在573—673 K及1×10~(-1)—4×10~(-4)S~(-1)应变速率范围内显示良好的超塑性变形;在温度为673 K及3×10~(-3)s~(-1)条件下,得到最大的断裂延伸率为604%,应变速率敏感系数m为0.36.超塑性变形后断裂区域显微组织观察表明,Mg 1.5Mn-0.3Ce合金超塑性变形的主要机制为晶界滑移,在较高温度、较低应变速率条件下超塑性变形时出现晶内滑移现象,作为超塑性变形的协调机制促进晶界滑移,随应变速率的降低或温度的升高晶内滑移越明显.     

Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金冷轧板材的超塑性变形行为

在温度450~520℃和1.67×10~(-3)~1.00×10~(-1)s~(-1)。初始应变速率条件下对Al-Mg-Sc-Zr合金冷轧板材进行拉伸实验,研究该合金的超塑性流变行为,探讨其超塑性变形机理。结果表明:随着变形温度的升高,伸长率先增加后减小,在500℃和初始应变速率6.67×10~(-3)s~(-1)条件下获得的最大伸长率为740%。合金的应变速率敏感因子为0.40,激活能为101 kJ/mol;在超塑性变形过程中,合金组织发生明显的动态再结晶,使原始纤维状晶粒等轴化;Al_3(Sc,Zr)粒子可有效钉扎晶界,抑制晶粒长大;超塑性变形过程的主要变形机制为晶界滑移,协调机制为晶界扩散控制的位错蠕变。     

Ni-20Al-30Fe金属间化合物合金超塑性的研究

研究了金属间化合物合金Ni-20Al-30Fe的超塑性行为及其机理.结果表明,该合金的显微组织由β相和γ/γ′相组成;在1023-1253 K,1.67×10-4-3.34×10-3 s-1拉伸变形时,合金呈超塑性,最大伸长率可达469%.SEM分析发现超塑性变形试样的断口呈韧性特征,在断裂区有不均匀分布的空洞存在.     

5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板超塑性变形力学行为

通过高温拉伸试验研究了5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板超塑性变形行为. 结果表明,5A90铝锂合金电子束焊焊板具有良好的超塑性变形能力,焊板的峰值流变应力随温度升高及初始应变速率的减小而减小,应变速率小于1×10-2/s时,焊板峰值流变应力小于32 MPa;焊板的断后伸长率随温度的升高和初始应变速率的增大而先增大再减小,在450℃,5×10-3/s断后伸长率达到最大为171.1%. 提出变形比例系数K（接头与母材断后伸长率的比值）,评价焊板中接头的超塑性变形协调能力,在各变形条件下K值均达到70%以上.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.