UASB-SBR组合工艺处理小麦酒精废水

采用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-序批式反应器(SBR)组合工艺研究对小麦酒精废水的处理效果。研究结果表明:在中温(37±2)℃条件下,采用UASB反应器处理小麦酒精废水,容积负荷可达到13.0 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率稳定在85%左右,厌氧出水COD保持在1650mg/L以下,出水挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)稳定在3.5mmol/L以下,反应器的沼气产量维持在17L/d左右,反应器运行稳定;采用SBR反应器处理小麦酒精废水厌氧出水,容积负荷为1.6kg/(m3·d),COD去除率基本保持在80%以上。经过两级生物处理,出水COD在300 mg/L以下,达到接入市政污水管网的标准。     

2级厌氧反应器处理发酵类抗生素废水

采用2级升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)对抗生素废水进行处理,通过实验分析评价该系统的运行效果。结果表明,控制反应器内温度为35℃左右,当一级UASB进水COD为11.88~14.60 g/L,进水p H为5左右时,COD容积负荷可达到3.4~4.6 kg/(m~3·d),COD去除率约为61%~72%;二级UASB进水COD为4.450~6.267 g/L,进水p H为6~7左右,容积COD负荷控制在2~2.6 kg/(m~3·d)时,COD去除率约为46%~64%。二级UASB最终出水COD≤2.5 g/L,满足进入后续好氧生化处理系统的水质条件,可替代芬顿处理工艺,节省运行成本、避免二次污染。     

UASB去除畜禽养殖废水有机物及产气特性研究

采用外循环上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)处理高浓养殖废水,研究反应器有机物去除率和产气特性的影响因素。结果表明,UASB可高效去除养殖废水中的有机物,其COD去除率及产气性能与容积负荷、温度、回流比等因素有关。反应器稳定运行时,温度为35℃,回流体积比为5:1,进水COD为8.083 g/L,COD容积负荷达到8.1 kg/(m3·d),COD去除率为86.9%,出水COD为1.057 g/L,单位容积产气率为2.225 L/(L·d),甲烷的质量分数69.6%,出水总碱度提高了23.7%,为UASB处理高浓养殖废水的稳定运行提供依据。     

改进型UASB处理白酒废水启动及运行效能研究

采用改进型中温上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器处理白酒废水,研究UASB反应器启动、提高负荷、稳定运行阶段及污泥颗粒化过程。结果表明,当COD容积负荷控制在0.5~2.0 kg/(m3·d)内,经过25 d优化运行,UASB可以成功启动,COD去除率稳定在80%以上。在稳定阶段,UASB反应器最大COD容积负荷为12 kg/(m3·d),COD平均去除率可达为82.1%,出水p H稳定在7.0~7.1,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的质量浓度降低至240 mg/L,产气量为6.8L/d左右,达到最佳运行效果。可为白酒废水处理提供科学依据。     

升流式厌氧污泥床+2级缺氧-好氧工艺处理制膜废水

利用升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)结合2级缺氧-好氧(A/O)处理工艺,对杭州某膜工业公司的制膜废水进行处理。运行结果表明,原水COD为7.1~7.7g/L,UASB的COD容积负荷可达到4 kg/(m3·d),水力停留时间48 h,厌氧反应器COD去除率达到64%以上,A/O系统的COD去除率达到80%左右,整个系统最终出水COD控制在0.5g/L以下,总COD去除率达到92%以上,达到GB 8978-1996废水三级排放标准。     

UASB处理纤维素乙醇废水的启动运行研究

以厌氧UASB反应器处理纤维乙醇废水为研究对象,探讨分析了UASB的启动和稳定运行过程。结果表明,采用城市污水处理厂的厌氧消化污泥作为接种污泥,在COD有效容积负荷为0.33~1.11 kgCOD/(m3·d)的条件下,UASB反应器成功启动,COD的去除率达到70%以上。启动初期,出水pH会明显高于进水,污泥呈先减少后增加的趋势,当增加进水SO42-浓度到7 250 mg/L,COD/SO42-比值2.7∶1时,会导致纤维素乙醇废水UASB处理系统的崩溃。UASB反应器运行稳定后,污泥浓度增至30~40 g/L,MLVSS/MLSS比值也达到90%左右,在HRT为14~41 h,回流比3∶1~13∶1,有效容积负荷3.45~14.67 kg COD/(m3·d)的条件下,对纤维乙醇生产废水均能保持90%以上的COD去除率,出水COD小于1 000 mg/L。     

两级UASB反应器处理制药废水的试验研究

在中温(37±2℃)条件下,采用有效容积为3 L的UASB厌氧反应器处理含高浓硫酸盐的制药废水,采用两级厌氧处理,一级主要脱除SO42-,二级主要去除COD,经过3个月的驯化,水力停留时间为24 h,一级厌氧在COD/SO42-=2.5～3条件下,COD容积负荷可达到9.5 kgCOD/(m3·d),SO42-容积负荷可达到3.6 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率约20%,SO42-去除去除率能达到65%,出水COD/SO42-比值约为7～8;二级厌氧COD容积负荷可达到7.5 kgCOD/(m3·d),COD去除率能达到75%;系统COD总去除率可达到80%,SO42-总去除率可达到65%以上;本试验研究为利用UASB厌氧反应器处理制药废水提供参考依据。     

气浮—厌氧—好氧组合工艺处理果脯豆干工艺废水

采用气浮—厌氧水解酸化—SBR组合工艺处理高有机物含量的蜜饯果脯与豆干工艺废水。研究结果表明:当PAC投加量为70 mg/L,溶气水回流比为50%时,气浮池对废水中COD、SS的去除率能够达到26%、85%。SBR处理系统中,当SBR反应器的COD污泥负荷为0.31 kg/(kg·d)、曝气时间为15~16 h时,出水COD<310 mg/L。     

UASB处理头孢类抗生素制药废水的试验研究

采用UASB厌氧反应器在中温条件下处理头孢类抗生素制药废水。结果表明：当反应器稳定运行后．进水CODCr的质量浓度为14300mg／L,容积负荷可达到14-3kg／（m3．d）,CODCr的去除率能够稳定在85％左右,出水CODCr的质量浓度在2500mg／L以下,出水VFA的质量浓度在3mmol／L左右,产气量达到17L/d左右。试验取得了良好的处理效果,为利用厌氧技术处理头孢类抗生素废水提供了设计依据。     

水解酸化-厌氧-好氧工艺处理抗生素废水

试验采用生化工艺处理高浓度抗生素废水。结果表明 ,水解酸化反应器最大COD容积负荷达到 1 6.84kg/(m3·d)。厌氧复合床处理水解酸化后的抗生素废水 ,当容积负荷为 6.0kg/(m3·d)时 ,反应器对SS、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别为 75.6%、91 .7%、96.1 % ;厌氧出水采用周期循环活性污泥系统进行处理 ,当容积负荷为 1 .6kg/(m3·d)时 ,反应器对SS、COD、BOD5 的去除率分别为 91 .6%、88.7%、95.4%。     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

用两个形状指数表征粉煤灰颗粒形貌的研究

引用两个形状指数表征颗粒形状的概念,即先将颗粒形状近似为椭圆,再将椭圆图像分离:以圆为基准的颗粒宏观形状指数δ;以光滑椭圆为基准的颗粒轮廓凹凸度,即微观形状指数ζ。分析和发展了近似椭圆模型。并运用图像分析仪对粉煤灰、水泥样品进行实验。结果表明,粉煤灰颗粒的两个形状指数δ和ζ都大于水泥颗粒。证明粉煤灰颗粒的球形度、表面光滑度优于水泥,而且,随着粒径增大,δ和ζ呈下降趋势,表明磨制颗粒越粗。(?)粒形状越不规则。文中还运用近似椭圆模型再现了颗粒的模拟图像。