炼油企业MES系统的探索与实践

介绍了中国石化金陵分公司开发生产执行系统(MES)的背景和目标,提出了实现物料日平衡思路及实现该目标所采用的技术方案,实现了物料平衡日计算、罐组分跟踪、ERP数据接口等功能,满足了炼油企业生产管理精细化、科学化的要求,与ERP系统实现了集成,为ERP系统各模块提供了可靠的数据支持.     

惠州炼油物料平衡设计与实现

物料平衡（Production Balance,PB）作为MES的一个重要模块,它利用数据校正技术,解决了流程工业企业物流数据中不准确,不一致,不完整等问题。它可以实现炼油生产物料一天一平衡功能,为生产统计人员、操作人员及管理人员提供实时的、正确的生产信息。     

物料平衡在炼化企业MES系统中的应用方法

本文在论述炼化企业MES建设的基础上,分析了物料平衡在炼化企业生产执行系统中的重要作用,讨论了物料平衡在MES系统中的具体应用方法。内容包括物料数据来源和处理、平衡模型的建立、数据校正、平衡数据应用四个方面,并对物料平衡系统的实施提出了看法。     

石化企业MES培训系统的设计与实现

石油化工行业制造执行系统(MES)具有业务规模大、操作复杂、管理难度大等特点,在石化企业的广泛应用对MES操作管理人员的业务素质和技能提出了很高的要求。随着石化企业综合自动化水平的提高,仿真培训成为岗位操作培训不可或缺的重要手段,研究和开发石化MES操作培训系统具有很大的应用价值。针对石化MES的业务特点和培训需求,提出了石化MES培训系统的解决方案,围绕石化MES装置校正、调度平衡和统计平衡等分层物料平衡的相关岗位模块,设计了不同难度的培训教案并实现了可配置,分岗位分难度提出了培训测评指标和测评标准,并开发了培训测评系统。经过50多人次的培训,培训系统性能达到设计要求,显示了工程可用性。     

化纤行业基于MES系统的分线分品种物料管理模型设计

基于ISA95标准的MES系统模型,以某化纤企业的分线分品种物料管理业务为研究对象,借鉴ERP物料清单技术,建立符合化纤类行业的分线分品种的产品模型,利用MES物料平衡算法实现了产品模型的在线计算,经现场数据验证符合实际业务要求。     

MES操作管理在炼化企业的应用实践与思考

以"改正、改善、改进"为MES基本应用原则,通过在生产作业层面部署实施MES操作管理与物料平衡,有效地提升了工艺技术管理水平,为装置平稳生产、优化操作、提高经济效益发挥了重要作用,实现了MES在生产部门的深入应用。     

MES系统运行存在的问题及改进

生产运营是企业的核心,企业主体目标的实现需要生产执行提供保障,MES系统正是在生产执行层面管理意志的体现。MES系统采集从接受订货到制成最终产品过程的各种数据和状态信息,其目的在于优化生产管理活动。根据2014年新的指标,对MES系统中的物料移动、生产调度模块运行情况进行跟踪、分析,并对存在的问题寻找解决方法、途径,提出整改措施和建议。     

连续工业生产与离散工业生产MES的比较

在对比连续工业生产与离散工业生产物料及产品特点的基础上，分析两种生产类型的特点，比较两者对MES各模块功能需求及模块间关系存在的差异。通过比较分析进一步促进流程工业MES的研究工作，建立能适应多种工业生产类型的MES体系结构，提升混杂生产类型的企业内部及企业间的信息系统集成水平。为建立可重构、可配置、可扩展的MES体系结构建立基础，缩短MES开发周期，降低系统实施成本，进一步推进企业信息化的发展。     

石油炼化中物料平衡统计分析系统的设计与实现

物料平衡PB (Production Balance)作为生产执行系统MES(Manufacturing Execution System)的重要组成部分,是通过数据校正技术解决工业流程中数据不准确、不一致、不完整等问题的。在石油炼制行业中,物料平衡系统中的数据几乎涉及到了企业的整个生产流程,囊括了各个部门,物料平衡可以为流程操作、企业管理提供可靠的数据依据,使整个生产过程可靠、高效的运行在生产运行中占有非常重要的地位。     

抚顺石化MES生产统计报表系统设计与开发

介绍了抚顺石化MES生产统计报表设计与开发的方法,在物料移动及物料平衡系统的系统设计实施基础上,对生产运行管理部门和生产操作层用户的业务进行了充分分析,通过在B/S模式下,利用VBA技术实现ORACLE数据库与Excel报表的交互,根据抚顺石化公司的业务状况,设计开发出了报表系统,统一了公司各直属单位的企业生产统计报表格式,提高了管理水平。     

Prioritizing Small Sets of Molecules for Synthesis through in-silico Tools: A Comparison of Common Ranking Methods

Prioritizing molecules for synthesis is a key role of computational methods within medicinal chemistry. Multiple tools exist for ranking molecules, from the cheap and popular molecular docking methods to more computationally expensive molecular-dynamics (MD)-based methods. It is often questioned whether the accuracy of the more rigorous methods justifies the higher computational cost and associated calculation time. Here, we compared the performance on ranking the binding of small molecules for seven scoring functions from five docking programs, one end-point method (MM/GBSA), and two MD-based free energy methods (PMX, FEP+). We investigated 16 pharmaceutically relevant targets with a total of 423 known binders. The performance of docking methods for ligand ranking was strongly system dependent. We observed that MD-based methods predominantly outperformed docking algorithms and MM/GBSA calculations. Based on our results, we recommend the application of MD-based free energy methods for prioritization of molecules for synthesis in lead optimization, whenever feasible.     

松香的精制和提纯

较全面地论述了松香的精制和提纯方法。主要有物理方法和化学方法。物理方法包括蒸馏法、吸附法、水洗法、溶剂萃取法、苯酚的使用和多元醇的使用。化学方法包括硫酸处理法、成盐法、尿素加合法、酸催化异构法、部分酯化法等     

Characterization of Lyophilization of Frozen Bulky Solids

Two methods to study the primary freeze-drying behavior of bulky solids are presented, namely, lyomicroscopy and neutron imaging. The applicability of both methods to visualize the evolution of the sublimation front is tested for maltodextrin particles with different sizes and solid concentrations. Exemplary results for both methods are reported and the applicability of both methods to study freeze-drying behavior of bulk solids is described. To estimate the impact of particle size and bed height for the freeze-drying of bulky solids, a modified Biot number is introduced to estimate the optimum particle size for a given bed height and formulation. The applicability of the two methods with regard to the modified Biot numbers is discussed.     

腐植物质结构鉴定研究方法进展

综合评述了目前国内外研究腐植物质结构的定性和定量分析方法,对腐植物质进行定性和定量分析的方法包括波谱分析方法(紫外/可见、荧光、红外、顺磁共振和核磁共振)、降解法(氧化、水解和高温裂解)结合色谱/质谱联用法、化学/物理法(元素分析、酸/碱滴定和电位滴定法)等.重点介绍了常用的波谱法和化学法,分析比较了化学滴定法与波谱分析方法的部分测定结果,总结了目前通过上述方法研究腐植物质结构得到的一些重要结论.     

合成对甲苯磺酰基甲基异腈生产中成品及其中间体分析

就工业合成对甲苯磺酰基甲基异腈生产中成品及其中间体对甲苯亚磺酸钠、对甲苯磺酰基甲基甲酰胺分别拟定了定量分析方法。三者均采用化学法测定，准确方便。     

Compressibility factor of sour natural gases

This paper presents a comparison of twelve selected methods for the prediction of the compressibility factor of natural gases containing H₂S and CO₂. The methods are compared with experimental data from the published literature and with previously unpublished data made available by oil and gas companies operating in Alberta. The method of Robinson, Macrygeorgos and Govier, and the method of Robinson and Jacoby are found to be most accurate over the range tested here. A brief desription of the twelve methods considered is also presented. Three new methods are also proposed. Two of the proposed methods are modifications of the Pitzer method and the Redlich-Kwong equation of state. These methods are suitable for digital computer applications. The third method proposed here is developed for hand calculations. The new methods presented here are superior to the twelve methods tested in this study.     

Assessment of the degree of agglomeration is suspensions

A survey is given of the methods for determining the size of agglomerates in suspensions. Counting methods, photometric methods, and sedimentation methods are most frequently used. With the latter two methods, the agglomerate size can only be determined if the porosity of the agglomerates is known. The mean size and the mean porosity of agglomerates in suspensions can be determined by the simultaneous measurement of the specific extinction cross-section area by means of a photometer, and the mean settling velocity by means of a sedimentation balance. As shown for suspension of quartz in water with NaCl or a cationic polyelectrolyte as agglomerating agent, the porosity of the agglomerates increases with increasing agglomerate size.     

Statistical method for the determination of equivalence of automated test procedures

In the development of test methods for solid dosage forms, manual test procedures for assay and content uniformity often precede the development of automated test procedures. Since the mode of extraction for automated test methods is often slightly different from that of the manual test method, additional validation of an automated test method is usually required. In addition to compliance with validation guidelines, developers of automated test methods are often asked to demonstrate equivalence between the manual and automated test methods. There are problems associated with using the traditional zero-difference hypothesis tests (such as the Student's t-test) for demonstrating equivalence. The use of the Westlake Interval and Schuirmann's Two One-sided test as more rigorous methods of demonstrating equivalence is discussed.