CVI法快速制备C/SiC复合材料

为缩短CVI法制备C／SiC复合材料的工艺周期并降低成本，研究了CVI工艺过程中沉积温度、MTS（CH3SiC3)摩尔分数和气体流量对SiC沉积速率和MTS有效利用率的影响，实验结果表明：提高沉积温度，常压下1100℃时增大MTS摩尔分数（11％→19％），都有利于提高SiC沉积速率；提高沉积温度和降低反应物气体流量，能提高MTS有效利用率，在优化的工艺条件下，预制体的微观孔隙内沉积了致密的SiC基体，沉积速率达到142μm/h左右，并有效消除了基体中裂纹的形成，MTS的有效利用率为11％－27％。     

PDMS/SiC功能梯度复合材料性能与制造精度研究

提出了一种由聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）与碳化硅（SiC）复合材料构成的功能梯度柔性衬底结构,给出了相应的三维（3D）打印制造工艺流程。通过实验分析了不同SiC粒径及含量对PDMS/SiC复合材料力学性能、导热性能的影响规律;探究了背压、打印速度、线间距、温度等工艺参数对不同SiC含量PDMS/SiC复合材料制造精度的影响规律。结果表明,相比于纯PDMS衬底,不同SiC粒径及含量对复合材料性能均有提高,当SiC粒径为600 nm且含量为45 %（质量分数,下同）时,对应的PDMS/SiC功能梯度柔性衬底的弹性模量提高了2.76倍,导热系数提高了2.22倍。     

逆反应烧结制备碳化硅/氮化硅复合材料的工艺

制备Si3N4／SiC复合材料的常规反应烧结是以Si和SiC为原料进行氮化烧结,而逆反应烧结是以Si3N4和SiC为原料,首先使Si3N4反向反应为活性氧化物后再进行烧结。建立逆反应烧结工艺制备Si3N4／SiC复合材料的热力学基础。确定了Si3N4先于SiC氧化;氧化产物可以是SiO2,也可以是Si2N2O;形成的SiO2氧化膜不会与基体材料反应;在膜与基体之间可能生成Si2N2O。论证了逆反应烧结的热力学可行性。通过6个烧结实验,证实了其热力学分析的正确性,并从工艺参数与密度变化、残氮率和比强度等关系筛选出最佳的烧结工艺参数。     

导热PE-HD／SiC复合材料的制备及性能研究

将碳化硅（SiC）粒子和高密度聚乙烯（PE—HD）经粉末混合后制得导热复合材料。研究了SiC粒子分散状态及含量对复合材料热导率、热阻、力学性能及电绝缘性能的影响，探讨了SiC粒径对热导率的影响。结果表明：复合材料中SiC粒子围绕在PE—HD粒子周围，形成了特殊的网状导热通路；随SiC粒径增加，热导率降低；在填料体积分数为30％时，复合材料热导率、热阻、拉伸强度及冲击强度、体积电阻率和介电常数分别为1．05W／（m·K）、0．75K／W、15MPa、13．2kJ／m^2、4．6×10^15 ·Ω·cm和3．03。此外，使用少量的氧化铝（Al2O3）纤维替代SiC组成混杂填料增强的材料各项性能均得到改善，并且与纯PE-FID相比具有优良的热传导能力。     

炭／炭复合材料SiC／Mo（Six，Al1-x）2涂层形成机理与抗高温氧化性能

采用高温包渗技术在炭／炭复合材料表面制备了SiC／Mo（Six,Al1-x）2复合涂层,采用两步反应法研究了复合涂层的生成机理。发现复合涂层是由Si、Al2O3、SiC、MoSi2原始粉末材料与基体炭材料经过复杂化学反应生成的SiC、Mo（SixAl1-x）2以及微量Mo4．8Si3C0．6固溶体组成。在较低温度下（〈1750℃）,单质硅与基体碳的液-固相反应,经过2小时后可以在炭／炭复合材料表面和内部孔隙表面生成致密的SiC过渡涂层;在较高温度下（≤2000℃）,SiC、Al2O3和MoSi2间的反应较为复杂,其主要过程为SiC与Al2O3间生成液体硅、液体铝和气态SiO、Al2O的多相反应,该反应生成的液体铝能够与MoSi2颗粒发生置换反应,生成熔点降低的Mo（Six,Al1-x）2转移涂层;同时,生成的液体硅与CO反应生成晶须状β—SiC,并与Mo（Six,Al1-x）2形成增强型复合涂层。本文还研究了过量单质Si和SiC对Mo（Six,Al1-x）2的还原反应,化学反应推论与实验结果相吻合。以新提出的涂层生成机理为指导,以粉末原料质量组成为Si10％,Al2O3 10％,SiC54％和MoSi226％时所制得了致密并且无粘结的复合涂层材料,并研究了封孔处理后复合材料的抗氧化性能。     

周期性孪晶结构碳化硅纳米线改性环氧树脂的性能

通过超声分散和模具浇注成型法制备了周期性孪晶结构碳化硅(SiC)纳米线改性环氧树脂,探讨了SiC纳米线的周期性孪晶结构及含量对环氧树脂复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,周期性孪晶结构SiC纳米线的加入明显改善了环氧树脂基体的力学性能,孪晶结构有助于提高SiC纳米线与基体树脂之间的相互结合程度。随着孪晶SiC纳米线含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸性能和弯曲性能都呈现出先增加后减小的趋势。当SiC纳米线的含量为2%时,复合材料的拉伸强度、拉伸弹性模量、断裂伸长率、弯曲强度和弯曲弹性模量均达到最大值,相比于纯环氧树脂分别提高了90.6%,37.8%,38.3%,53.4%和24.5%。当SiC纳米线含量为3%时,弯曲应变达到最大值(6.72%),相比于环氧树脂提高了32.0%。     

SiC/β-Zn_4Sb_3复合热电材料的制备及性能

采用真空熔融淬火结合等离子活化烧结工艺(PAS)制备SiC/β-Zn_4Sb_3复合热电材料。对材料的相组成和显微结构分别进行X射线衍射分析和扫描电子显微镜观察,并在300~700 K范围内测量了电阻率、Seebeck系数、热导率。结果表明,复合材料由SiC和β-Zn_4Sb_3两相组成,PAS烧结过程中,β-Zn_4Sb_3并没有发生相变,SiC纳米粒子在β-Zn_4Sb_3基体中随机分布。随着纳米SiC含量增加,复合材料的电阻率逐渐增加,Seebeck系数先增加后降低。当SiC含量为1.0%(质量分数)、673 K时,复合材料的热电优值(ZT)达到1.03,与单相β-Zn_4Sb_3相比提高了37%。     

放电等离子烧结制备Cu/SiC复合材料及组织性能研究

以高纯碳化硅(SiC)颗粒和纯铜(Cu)粉为原料,通过球磨+放电等离子烧结(SPS)工艺制备了不同质量分数的碳化硅颗粒增强铜基复合材料(SiC/Cu),研究了SiC颗粒含量对复合材料组织性能的影响。结果表明:适量增加SiC颗粒的含量有助于颗粒在基体中的均匀分布,此时材料表现出较好的力学性能。放电等离子烧结具有烧结温度低、保温时间短的特点,可有效减少甚至避免基体与增强体有害反应的发生。当SiC含量过高时,颗粒发生团聚现象,导致样品致密度下降,力学性能降低。     

基体改性对碳纤维增韧碳化硅复合材料结构与性能的影响

采用化学气相浸渗法对2D C/SiC复合材料进行基体改性,制备了二维碳纤维增韧碳-碳化硅二元基复合材料(two dimensional carbon fiber reinforced C-SiC binary matrix composites,2D C/C-SiC).2D C/C-SiC复合材料的基体为热解碳和碳化硅交替叠层的多层基体.研究了2D C/C-SiC复合材料的微观结构,比较了2DC/SiC复合材料和2DC/C-SiC复合材料的力学性能及断口形貌.结果表明:2DC/C-SiC复合材料可在基本保持2DC/SiC复合材料抗弯强度的基础上,其断裂韧性得到显著提高.基体改性的效果明显.纤维的逐级拔出是断裂韧性提高的原因.     

网络互穿型碳化硅陶瓷/铁基复合材料制备及其耐磨性能

通过酚醛树脂固化、碳化及原位硅化的技术制备复杂形状SiC陶瓷,并利用金属浇注工艺制备出了以高锰钢、高铬铸铁为基体的2种网络互穿型SiC陶瓷/金属复合材料。借助湿式橡胶轮摩擦磨损试验机和UMT-3多功能摩擦磨损试验机测试该2种复合材料及2种基体的摩擦学性能,并采用扫描电子显微镜分析了复合材料和基体磨损后的表面形貌。结果表明：由于SiC陶瓷体的强度、硬度比金属基体高,导致在磨损过程中2种基体材料的磨损量较大,且在复合材料表面形成微凸起,使得复合材料的耐磨性能明显提高;SiC陶瓷/高铬铸铁复合材料的耐磨性优于SiC陶瓷/高锰钢复合材料,但SiC陶瓷/高锰钢复合材料的界面结合更好。     

三维针刺C/SiC复合材料的结构特征和力学性能

采用化学气相渗透法制备了在厚度方向上具有纤维增强的三维针刺碳纤维增强碳化硅(C/SiC)陶瓷基复合材料,复合材料的密度和气孔率分别为2.15 h/cm3和16%.三维针刺C/SiC复合材料中的针刺纤维将各层紧密结合在一起,其层间抗剪切强度显著提高,为95MPa,比二维碳布叠层C/SiC复合材料的剪切强度(35MPa)高171.4%.三维针刺C/SiC复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别为159MPa和350MPa,断裂模式为非脆性断裂,包括:裂纹扩展、偏转,碳纤维的拉伸断裂和逐步拔出.     

Creep behavior and failure mechanisms of CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites at temperatures to 1650 °C in air

Creep properties of 2D woven CVI and PIP SiC/SiC composites with Sylramic™-iBN SiC fibers were measured at temperatures to 1650 °C in air and the data was compared with the literature. Batch-to-batch variations in the tensile and creep properties, and thermal treatment effects on creep, creep parameters, damage mechanisms, and failure modes for these composites were studied. Under the test conditions, the CVI SiC/SiC composites exhibited both matrix and fiber-dominated creep depending on stress, whereas the PIP SiC/SiC composites displayed only fiber-dominated creep. Creep durability in both composite systems is controlled by the most creep resistant phase as well as oxidation of the fibers via cracking matrix. Specimen-to- specimen variations in porosity and stress raisers caused significant differences in creep behavior and durability. The Larson-Miller parameter and Monkman-Grant relationship were used wherever applicable for analyzing and predicting creep durability.     

Influences of SiC infiltration and coating on compressive mechanical behaviours of 2D C/SiC composites up to 1600 °C at wide-ranging strain rates

The influences of the SiC infiltration and coating on the compressive mechanical behaviours of 2D C/SiC composites were determined up to 1600 °C at 0.001 and 1000/s strain rates in argon and air. In addition, the failure mechanisms responsible for the compressive mechanical behaviours were elucidated through in-situ observation and micro-analysis-based methods. The 2D C/SiC composite compressive strength was highly sensitive to temperature, loading rate, and oxidation, and was enhanced by the change in the thermal residual stress and decreased by oxidation. In argon, because of the extra infiltrated SiC matrix, SiC treated 2D C/SiC specimens exhibited higher compressive strengths and lower strain rate sensitivity factors than SiC untreated 2D C/SiC specimens. The SiC coating effectively improved the oxidation resistance of the 2D C/SiC composites in air, regardless of the temperature, strain rate, and oxidative damage-which depends on SiC coating, strain rate, and temperature.     

氧化铝料浆预浸料结合PIP工艺制备SiC/Al2O3-SiC陶瓷基复合材料及性能研究

连续碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅陶瓷基复合材料（SiC/SiC）具有低密度、耐高温、低氚渗透率和优异的辐照稳定性的优点，在航空、航天、核能等领域具有广泛的应用前景。本文针对PIP工艺制备SiC/SiC复合材料周期长、孔隙率较高及易氧化的问题，通过料浆预浸料工艺在基体中引入氧化铝陶瓷形成SiC/Al2O3-SiC复相基体复合材料，并对复合材料制备工艺过程、微观形貌及力学性能进行系统表征。分析结果表明，SiC/Al2O3-SiC复相基体复合材料制备周期较传统PIP工艺大幅度缩短，且复合材料孔隙率明显降低，从11.6%左右降低至6%，拉伸强度为316.5MPa，提升了12.3%，弯曲强度与SiC/SiC相当，但层间剪切强度较低，仅为16.3MPa，有待进一步提高。     

Synchrotron X-ray tomographic characterization of CVI engineered 2D-woven and 3D-braided SiCf/SiC composites

The properties of ceramic matrix composites strongly depend upon their complex internal structures. To better understand and improve the properties of the silicon carbide fiber-reinforced silicon carbide matrix composites (SiC_f/SiC), we explored the microstructural properties of composites reinforced with either two-dimensional (2D) woven or three-dimensional (3D) braided preforms using synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography. Transects and volumetric images of the composites were reconstructed from objection images and the microstructures were investigated in three spatial directions. The network of void space in a composites was visualized in 3D and quantitative analysis of the porosity was performed to characterize the fiber-tissue structures. 2D-woven SiC_f/SiC composite exhibited important fluctuations of porosity in different directions and the stacking of plies had a significant effect on the porosity distribution. In contrast, 3D-braided SiC_f/SiC composites showed much less variation of porosity. We found the degree of densification of the composite also influenced the porosity distribution.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of C/C–SiC composites fabricated by a rapid processing method

C/C–SiC composite was fabricated with time efficiency and low cost by a two-step process. A quasi 3D carbon-fiber-felt was firstly densified to C/C composite in 2–5 h by a thermal gradient CVI method based on precursor of kerosene. Then, the C/C composite of different porosities was reactively infiltrated with Si for 40 min to obtain C/C–SiC composite. The influence of the porosity of the C/C composite on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the C/C–SiC composite was investigated. The results show that the density of the C/C–SiC composite increases from 2.0 g/cm³ to 2.3 g/cm³ while its porosity decreases from 5.8% to 1.7% with the increasing porosity of the C/C composite. Moreover, the porosity of the C/C composite affects both the amounts of β-SiC, Si phases and the mechanical properties of the C/C–SiC composite. The flexural strength and modulus of the C/C–SiC composite are much higher than those of the C/C composite. The C/C–SiC composite from the C/C composite of 19.7% porosity has the highest flexural strength and modulus, which are 132 MPa and 14.4 GPa, respectively.     

Oxidation behavior of C–SiC composites with a Si–W coating from room temperature to 1500°C

Oxidation tests of carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites with a Si–W coating were conducted in dry air from room temperature to 1500°C for 5 h. A continuous series of empirical functions relating weight change to temperature after 5 h oxidation was found to fit the test results quite well over the whole temperature range. This approach was used to interpret the different oxidation mechanisms. There were two cracking temperatures of the matrix and the coating for the C–SiC composite. Oxidation behavior of the C–SiC composite was nearly the same as that of the coated C–C composite above the coating cracking temperature, but weight loss of the C–SiC composite was half an order lower than that of the coated C–C composite below the cracking temperature. As an inhibitor, the SiC matrix increased the oxidation resistance of C–SiC composites by decreasing active sites available for oxidation. As an interfacial layer, pyrolytic carbon decreased the activation energy below 700°C. From 800°C to 1030°C, uniform oxidation took place for the C–SiC composite, but non-uniform oxidation took place for the coated C–C composite in the same temperature range. The Knudsen diffusion coefficient could be used to explain the relationship between weight loss and temperature below the coating cracking temperature and the matrix cracking temperature.     

Oxidation Behavior from Room Temperature to 1500°C of 3D-C/SiC Composites with Different Coatings

A carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composite (3D-C/SiC) was prepared by chemical vapor infiltration. A SiC and SiC/Si-Zr coating were deposited on the composite to investigate the effect of different coatings on the oxidation behavior of 3D-C/SiC composites. The 3D-C/SiC(SiC/Si-Zr) composite decreased in weight below 1000°C and increased in weight above 1000°C. With an increasing oxidation time, the weight loss increased greatly and the weight gain increased little. The 3D-C/SiC(SiC) composite always decreased in weight over the full temperature range. With an increasing oxidation time, the weight loss increased rapidly below 1000°C and reached its minimum value at 1400°C. The 3D-C/SiC(SiC/Si-Zr) composite had a higher oxidation resistance above 1000°C, and the 3D-C/SiC(SiC) composite had a higher oxidation resistance below 1000°C. The wider the coating cracks, the larger the maximum weight loss and the lower the temperature corresponding to the maximum weight loss. With an increasing oxidation time, the activation energy of the 3D-C/SiC(SiC/Si-Zr) composite increased from 96 to 138 kJ/mol, and the 3D-C/SiC(SiC) composite increased from 130 to 180 kJ/mol.     

Kinetics and Mechanisms of Oxidation of 2D Woven C/SiC Composites: I, Experimental Approach

The oxidation behavior of a 2D woven C/SiC composite partly protected with a SiC seal coating and heat-treated (stabilized) at 1600°C in inert gas has been investigated through an experimental approach based on thermogravimetric analyses and optical/electron microscopy. Results of the tests, performed under flowing oxygen, have shown that the oxidation behavior of the composite material in terms of oxidation kinetics and morphological evolutions is related to the presence of thermal microcracks in the seal coating as well as in the matrix. Three different temperature domains exist. At low temperatures (<800°C), the mechanisms of reaction between carbon and oxygen control the oxidation kinetics and are associated with a uniform degradation of the carbon reinforcement. At intermediate temperatures, (between 800° and 1100°C), the oxidation kinetics are controlled by the gas-phase diffusion through a network of microcracks in the SiC coating, resulting in a nonuniform degradation of the carbon phases. At high temperatures (>1100°C), such diffusion mechanisms are limited by sealing of the microcracks by silica; therefore, the degradation of the composite remains superficial. The study of the oxidation behavior of (i) the heat-treated composite in a lower oxygen content environment (dry air) and (ii) the as-processed (unstabilized) composite in dry oxygen confirms the different mechanisms proposed to explain the oxidation behavior of the composite material.     

C／SiC复合涂层材料的结构及性能

采用化学气相沉积方法,在石墨基体上,在１６２３Ｋ,６６６Ｐａ的条件下制备了ＳｉＣ含量从０￣１００ｗｔ％全范围变动的Ｃ－ＳｉＣ复合涂层材料,Ｘ－射线衍射表明,当ＳｉＣ含量代于３４ｗｔ％时,ＳｉＣ以（２２０）面择优取向,而当含量高于３４ｗｔ％时,ＳｉＣ以（１１１）面择优取向。本文还对复合涂层的密度及硬度等性能做了测试。