灭活再植与MTX骨水泥填充化疗治疗四肢恶性骨肿瘤

对１８例恶性肌肿瘤患者采用９５％酒精行为瘤段灭活后再植，并以含ＭＴＸ的骨水泥填充瘤腔化疗。术后随访２－５年，除２例术后１年死于广泛转移，１例死于胃转移外，余均无局部复发。认为此手术疗效可靠。不良反应少，可节省植入材料。     

同种异体、自体骨联合移植治疗四肢良性骨肿瘤手术后骨缺损

68例四肢良性骨肿瘤患者,均行手术切除。术中将病灶彻底刮除,根据病损情况选择大段同种异体骨或骨颗粒联合自体骨紧密填塞骨缺损空腔;术后固定关节6周。68例术后随访1～8a,平均3a6个月。4例发生轻度病理性骨折;6例术后切口渗液较多,1个月后停止渗出,切口愈合;其余病例切口均Ⅰ期愈合。所有病例均未见病变复发,所有骨移植体X线片显示理想的再生形态。同种异体、自体骨联合移植用于四肢良性骨肿瘤术后骨缺损的治疗效果良好。     

自体骨、人工骨及骨膜碎片混合填充治疗OFD 10例

2000年12月～2005年12月，我们共收治10例骨纤维结构不良（OFD）患者，均采用病灶刮除，混合自体骨、人工骨及骨膜碎片填充骨缺损，效果满意。现报告如下。     

骨水泥早期修复颅骨缺损88例临床分析

1998年 3月～ 2 0 0 0年 8月 ,我们对 88例术后 4～ 8周颅骨缺损患者行骨水泥早期修复治疗 ,效果满意。现报告如下。1　资料与方法1 .1　一般资料　本组男 70例 ,女 1 8例 ;年龄 5～ 6 9岁 ,平均 3 6 .5岁。各种去骨瓣减压 75例 ,粉碎性骨折1 3例。缺损面积 1 0～ 3 0 cm2 2 6例、3 1～ 40 cm2 2 8例 ,41～ 6 0 cm2 2 1例 ,>6 0 cm2 1 3例。术前昏迷 6例 ,不同程度失语 1 4例 ,癫痫发作 7例 ,头痛头晕 46例 ,有精神症状 1 8例 ,偏瘫 2 0例。额颞顶部 3 1例 ,额颞部 2 2例 ,颞顶部 2 0例 ,顶枕部 6例 ,额部 3例 ,顶部 3例 ,两侧颞额或颞枕部 …     

自体煮沸骨再植修复下颌骨缺损的实验研究

选用３０只健康成年家兔,应用＾９９ｍＴｃ－ＭＤＰ扫描、Ｘ线照像和组织学检查,对自体煮沸骨再植后的愈合过程进行了动态观察。结果显示,自体煮沸骨再植后经历了植骨块吸收,血管及其周围组织长入,植骨块逐渐被新生骨替代的过程,从而表现为典型的“爬行替代”;此过程的发生机理是骨传导,发生基础是血管长入。研究表明：自体煮沸骨再植后组织相容性好,未发生排异反应,是修复下颌骨缺损的理想材料。     

可吸收骨水泥在椎体强化术中的应用

经皮椎体强化术已广泛用于骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的治疗。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(poly methyl methacrylate,PMMA)是目前常用椎体骨折填充材料,因其无生物降解性、组织相容性差、无成骨作用等缺点限制了其应用和发展。可吸收骨水泥作为新型的骨填充材料,具有组织相容性好、可降解性、安全有效、促成骨等作用,本文将对不同类型的可吸收骨水泥的特点和在椎体骨折中的应用进展进行综述。     

冷冻同种异体骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后缺损的临床疗效

目的探讨冷冻异体骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后缺损部分的临床效果。方法对55例骨肿瘤患者行部分或全部骨切除手术,用深低温冷冻处理的同种异体骨进行骨重建,于术前2 d及术后14、28 d取空腹外周静脉血,检测T淋巴细胞亚群、血清补体和循环免疫复合物以检测宿主免疫反应,术后1、3、6、12、24个月行X线检查,观察骨愈合情况,且按Mankin标准随访评定骨关节功能,术后3、6、9、12、24个月行单光子发射计算机断层成像术(SPECT)骨扫描检测,以观察异体骨的成活替代或吸收情况。结果本研究骨重建后外形良好,无严重感染或排异反应发生。手术前后不同时间比较,外周血T淋巴细胞亚群、血清补体和循环免疫复合物水平均无显著性差异(P0.05);异体骨的愈合率可达92.7%(51/55),骨关节功能优良率达到91.0%(50/55);术后3~6个月异体骨两端及髓腔内同位素浓集明显低于正常,而自体骨端同位素浓集明显高于正常,并于术后9个月逐渐减弱。结论采用冷冻方式的同种异体骨移植修复骨肿瘤切除后缺损,不但可降低宿主排异反应,而且具有骨愈合好、功能恢复佳等优点。     

射频消融在骨肿瘤切开手术中的应用

目的探讨骨肿瘤切开手术中使用射频消融的安全性和有效性。方法应用射频消融治疗、有完整随访的骨肿瘤患者15例。姑息组为转移癌10例和骨髓瘤1例,共消融13处病灶,切开后先消融,再去除肿瘤;肿瘤全切组为累及髋臼的原发恶性或侵袭性肿瘤4例,先切除大部分肿瘤,只对髋臼区行射频消融,刮除髋臼肿瘤,保留髋臼骨质,以利重建。从手术技术、肿瘤学、并发症、肢体功能等方面综合评价此方法的临床应用效果。结果随访1—29个月、平均17个月。姑息组死亡9例,平均存活10个月（1～24个月）,消融处均无肿瘤复发;肿瘤全切组有1例软骨肉瘤术后13个月复发,复发率25％。1例术中在止血带处发生热损伤,1例术后皮缘坏死。以MSTS评分标准对术后存活超过6个月的11例患者进行功能评定,优良率为81．8％。结论切开后行射频消融术对于骨转移癌和侵及髋臼的侵袭性肿瘤是一种安全有效的方法。     

口腔种植骨增量手术中常用植骨材料的研究进展

种植牙是很多缺牙患者恢复牙列完整性的首选治疗方案,而多种因素导致的种植区牙槽骨量不足会明显影响到种植手术的成功率.牙槽骨重建骨增量手术可极大提高口腔种植手术的成功率及种植修复的临床效果.临床常用的骨增量植骨材料包括自体骨、同种异体骨、异种异体骨及其他人工合成的植骨材料等,不同种类的植骨材料在增加缺失牙槽骨的高度和宽度、...     

应用骨水泥修补颅骨缺损30例

1996～ 1998年 ,我院应用骨水泥修补颅骨缺损 30例 ,获得满意效果。现报告如下。临床资料 :本组男 2 5例 ,女 5例 ;年龄 6～ 6 5岁 ,平均 32岁。顶枕部缺损 5例 ,颞部 12例 ,前额部 8例 ,颞顶部 5例 ;面积为 3cm× 4 cm～ 6 cm× 8cm Y ,平均 4 .5 cm× 5 .5 cm。缺损原因 :颅脑损伤去骨瓣减压 19例 ,高血压脑出血去骨瓣 8例 ,脑肿瘤去骨瓣 3例。术前在颅骨模型上用紫药水画出相应的病变缺损的部位、形状及大小。取无菌透明塑料袋无菌操作下套在颅骨模型上备用。按常规手术显露颅骨缺损的骨窗及硬膜后 ,配制骨水泥。取消毒粉料 1袋 (2 5 g)…     

Giant cell tumor of bone: treatment and outcome of 214 cases

BACKGROUND: Two hundred and fourteen patients with benign giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB), treated from 1980 to 2007 at the Department of Orthopedics of the University of Muenster (Germany), were analyzed in a retrospective study. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The mean age was 33.3 years with a female-to-male ratio of 1.2 : 1. The mean follow up was 59.8 months. The recurrence rate of patients who received first treatment at our institution was 16.6%. The most common primary treatment was curettage (188 patients) usually followed by adjuvant local therapy. The effects of bone cement (PMMA), burring and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were statistically analyzed and the influence of a subchondral bone graft on the recurrence rate was evaluated. RESULTS: PMMA alone (n = 52) reduces the likelihood of recurrence by the factor 8.2, additional high-speed burring (n = 39) by the factor 3.9 (compared to PMMA only). H(2)O(2) (n = 42) seems to have an additional effect comparable to that of phenol although it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The combination of all adjuncts (PMMA, burring, H(2)O(2) - n = 42) reduces the likelihood of recurrence by the factor 28.2 compared to curettage only and therefore should be recommended as a standard treatment. If the tumor reaches close to the articulating surface a subchondral bone graft (n = 42) can be performed without risking a higher recurrence rate. We add seven cases of pulmonary metastases and two cases of multicentricity to the literature. Bisphosphonates and interferon alpha may have a beneficial effect.     

The nature of giant cell tumor of bone

Giant cell tumor of bone (GCT) is a locally osteolytic tumor with variable aggressiveness. In rare cases, pulmonary metastasis can be observed. The lesion most frequently occurs in the epiphysis of long tubular bones of the knee region, predominantly affecting young adults after closure of the growth plate. The characteristic histological appearance of GCT displays a high number of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, which resulted in the classification "osteoclastoma" or "giant cell tumor". Apart from the multinucleated giant cells, there are two mononuclear cell types in GCT. The first one has a round morphology and resembles monocytes. The second cell type is the spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like stromal cell. Cell culture experiments with GCT cells revealed the stromal cell to be the proliferating component of the GCT. The other two cell types, the monocyte and the multinucleated giant cell, were lost after a few cell culture passages. Furthermore, latest results from GCT reveal that the stromal cells secrete a variety of cytokines and differentiation factors, including MCP1, ODF, and M-CSF. These molecules are monocyte chemoattractants and are essential for osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that the stromal cell stimulates blood monocyte immigration into tumor tissue and enhances their fusion into osteoclast-like, multinucleated giant cells. The multinucleated giant cell itself resembles a normal osteoclast that is able to resorb bone leading to extended osteolysis. This new model of GCT genesis supports the hypothesis that the stromal cell is the neoplastic component whilst the monocytes and the multinucleated giant cells are just reactive components of this tumor. Taking this into consideration, the nomenclature of the "giant cell tumor" needs to be reconsidered.     

Hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous nonfrozen bone marrow rescue

Summary The kinetics of marrow engraftment were analyzed in 50 patient with acute leukemia (21), malignant lymphoma (15), and solid tumors (14) after high-dose multiagent chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) with nonfrozen bone marrow. Unseparated heparinized whole bone marrow was stored in 10% CPDA1 at 4°C for 72 h, then filtered and reinfused. The median number of nucleated cells reinfused was 1.6×10⁸/kg (range 0.5–3.8×10⁸/kg). All patients had a full hematopoietic reconstitution. Median time to achieve a neutrophil count > 500/l was 20 days (range 12–39) and median time to achieve an unsupported platelet count > 20.000/l was 20 days (range 10–55). The main factor associated with delayed engraftment was the number of prior chemotherapy cycles. We conclude that high-dose chemotherapy with nonfrozen ABMT is a safe procedure, without the requirement for costly cryopreservation facilities.     

Autologous intracoronary mononuclear bone marrow cell transplantation in chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy in humans

BACKGROUND: Recent data suggest that transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells (BMC) may contribute to myocardial repair after acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy could also benefit from autologous BMC transplantation in addition to established heart failure therapy. METHODS AND RESULTS: Five patients with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy caused by anterior myocardial infarction, 1.3+/-0.5 years ago and open infarct artery, received autologous mononuclear BMC transplantation via balloon catheter in the target vessel at the site of previous occlusion. Patients were followed up at 3 months (left heart catheterisation, 2D-echocardiography, dobutamine stress echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing) and at 12 months (2D-echocardiography, cardiopulmonary exercise testing). Follow-up examination showed no significant improvement neither in global, regional, and microvascular function, nor in physical performance. CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot trial intracoronary transplantation of autologous, mononuclear BMC did not lead to any significant improvement in myocardial function and physical performance of patients with chronic ischemic heart disease.     

骨髓转移瘤的病理组织学与临床特点

目的：研究骨髓转移瘤的临床和病理学特点。方法：骨髓活检塑料包埋切片,Ｈ－Ｇｍｉｅｓａ－Ｅ,Ｇｏｍｏｒｉ,ＰＡＳ,Ａｌｃｉｎ ｂｌｕｅ染色。结果：６６例骨髓转移瘤中,低分化腺癌４２例、黏液腺癌６例、黏液细胞癌３例、代分化鳞癌９例、巨细胞癌２例、未分化癌２例、恶性黑色素瘤１例、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤１例。临床表现以贫血最常见（９５,１％）,其次为血小板减少（５９．５％）和骨髓（５７．４％）。临床初诊常误诊     

Autologous bone marrow transplantation in decompensated liver: Systematic review and meta-analysis

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in decompensated liver disease.METHODS: Medline, EMBASE, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library were searched for relevant studies. Retrospective case-control studies were included along with randomized clinical trials. Meta-analysis was performed in line with recommendations from the Cochrane Collaboration software review manager. Heterogeneity was assessed using a random-effects model.RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials and four retrospective studies were included. Cell transplantation increased serum albumin level by 1.96 g/L (95%CI: 0.74-3.17; P = 0.002], 2.55 g/L (95%CI: 0.32-4.79; P = 0.03), and 3.65 g/L (95%CI: 0.76-6.54; P = 0.01) after 1, 3, and 6 mo, respectively. Patients who had undergone cell transplantation also had a lower level of total bilirubin [mean difference (MD): -1.37 mg/dL; 95%CI: -2.68-(-0.06); P = 0.04] after 6 mo. This decreased after 1 year when compared to standard treatment (MD: -1.26; 95%CI: -2.48-(-0.03); P = 0.04]. A temporary decrease in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were significant in the cell transplantation group. However, after 6 mo treatment, patients who had undergone cell transplantation had a slightly longer prothrombin time (MD: 5.66 s, 95%CI: 0.04-11.28; P = 0.05). Changes in the model for end-stage liver disease score and Child-Pugh score were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION: Autologous bone marrow transplantation showed some benefits in patients with decompensated liver disease. However, further studies are still needed to verify its role in clinical treatment for end-stage liver disease.     

In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of mitozolomide and sparsomycin in human tumor xenografts,murine tumors and human bone marrow

Summary The colony formation in agar of human tumor xenografts, of murine tumors and of human bone marrow was used as a test system to determine the in vitro activity of the two novel cytostatic agents, mitozolomide and sparsomycin. Mitozolomide was additionally studied in vivo in nine human tumor xenografts. The comparison of in vitro/in vivo activity allows an assessment of the relevant in vitro dose based on in vivo pharmacological behavior of a compound. Both compounds showed clear dose/response effects in vitro. A dose of 3 g/ml mitozolomide, given by continuous exposure, was active (colony number of test <30% of the control group) in 12/42 (29%) human tumor xenografts as well as in the four murine tumors, P388, L1210, B16 melanoma and colon carcinoma 38, whereas the two human bone marrows showed no significant suppression of the ability to form colonies in culture. The comparison of in vitro with in vivo activity suggests that the in vitro dose of 3 g/ml corresponds best to the activity observed in animal experiments. The highest activity was observed in small-cell cancer of the lung (4/5), followed by melanomas (2/7) and non-small-cell cancer of the lung (2/9). Furthermore, activity was found in a cancer of the large bowel, stomach, breast and in one sarcoma. In the treatment of nine human tumor xenografts growing subcutaneously in nude mice, mitozolomide effected a complete or partial remission in 6 out of 9 tumors. In comparison to standard drugs mitozolomide is one of the most effective compounds in these tumors. These data indicate that mitozolomide possesses potent broad-spectrum activity in human tumor xenografts. Sparsomycin (0.1 g/ml, continuous exposure) was active in 11/46 (24%) human tumor xenografts and in 4/5 of the murine tumors, whereas the colony-forming capacity of four human bone-marrows showed no inhibition, suggesting that this dose level may be the relevant in vitro dose. However, the high in vitro activity in murine tumors is incompatible with the in vivo activity. In mice the only responsive tumor was leukemia P388, whereas the L1210, B16 melanoma and colon carcinoma 38 were resistant. At the dose level of 0.03 g/ml only 3/30 (10%) of the human tumor xenografts were sensitive. In an earlier clinical phase I study the dose-limiting adverse effect was eye toxicity and not bone-marrow suppression. This example illustrates that comparing in vitro with in vivo activity in the same tumor results in a more reliable estimation of the relevant in vitro dose than does comparing in vitro activity with in vitro effects on human bone marrow.Abbreviations Mitozolomide 8-carbamoyl-3-(2-chloroethyl)imidazo(5,1-d)-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one - NSC 353451 formerly known as azolastone - sparsomycin NSC 59 729 - DTIC 5-(3,3-dimethyltriazen-1-yl)-imidazole-4-carboxamide - MTIC 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide - DMSO dimethylsulfoxide Dedicated to Professor Dr. D. Schmähl, Heidelberg, on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

Flow cytometric DNA analysis of malignant lymphomas with primary bone manifestation

Summary Malignant lymphomas with primary skeletal manifestation have received controversial evaluation with regard to histological classification and histogenesis. Recent histological and immunohistological studies on the rare bone lymphomas conducted by our team, have shown that they do not differ from primary nodal lymphomas with regard to the spectrum of histological subtypes. The present flow cytometric DNA analysis of paraffin-embedded material from 17 lymphomas documented in the Bone Tumor Registry of Westfalia yielded the following distribution pattern of DNA ploidy: among 12 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) (according to the Kiel classification) there was only 1 case of low grade malignancy; this centroblastic-centrocytic lymphoma showed a unimodal diploid DNA histogram. Of 11 highly malignant NHL, 6 were DNA hyperdiploid. Among the 5 cases of Hodgkin's lymphoma, 4 were DNA diploid, (1 nodular sclerosing, 3 mixed types) and one DNA tetraploid (lymphocytic depletion type). Comparison with data from the literature reveals that even with regard to DNA ploidy, malignant lymphomas primarily manifesting in bone do not differ from those of exclusively nodal manifestation.     

A case report of intracardiac bone cement embolization after posterior decompression and cement-enhanced pedicle screw fixation for osteoporosis and lumbar degeneration

Rationale:Bone cement leakage is a common complication of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) surgery and has also been reported in posterior decompression and cement-enhanced pedicle screw fixation. When bone cement leaks through the venous system, it will have serious consequences and even endanger the life of the patient, especially when the bone cement causes intracardiac embolism.Patient concerns:A 70-year-old woman developed chest tightness and decreased blood oxygen saturation following posterior decompression and cement-enhanced pedicle screw fixation.Diagnosis:After the patient was given symptomatic treatment, the symptoms were not relieved, the high-sensitivity troponin I level continued to rise, the electrocardiogram results were abnormal, and chest computed tomography (CT) revealed multiple flaky and strip-shaped dense shadows in the heart.Intervention:The patient underwent removal of foreign bodies from the heart under cardiopulmonary bypass and tricuspid valvuloplasty, removal of intracardiac bone cement, and repair of the tricuspid valve and chordae.Outcome:The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged from the hospital after 3 weeks. There were no intracardiac foreign bodies observed on chest CT after the operation.Lessons:For patients with cardiopulmonary discomfort after posterior decompression and bone cement-enhanced pedicle screw fixation, in view of the limitations of radiographic examination, we recommend performing chest CT examination to confirm the diagnosis. For patients with intravascular foreign body embolism, multidisciplinary team joint treatment saves lives.     

骨水泥在骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的应用与研究现状

骨水泥已广泛应用在脊柱外科领域。在椎体成形术和后凸成形术中应用的主要是三种骨水泥：聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥（PMMA）;磷酸钙骨水泥（CPC）,硫酸钙骨水泥（CSC）;掺骨生长因子的其他可注射物。它们各有优缺点。随着骨水泥材料学、生物力学研究的进展,骨水泥的性能不断改进,在此基础上研究的新的骨水泥将能更好的用于脊柱骨折。