樱草杜鹃的挥发油成分

樱草杜鹃著名藏药“达里”的原植物，花和叶均为药用部位，由于二者在性味，功用及临床应用上有一定差异，本文分别对其所含挥发油进行化学成分分析，共鉴定了１０６个化合物。     

连钱草挥发油化学成分的研究

目的分析中草药连钱草的挥发性成分。方法通过水蒸气蒸馏方法提获连钱草中的挥发油。随后使用气相色谱-质谱联用方法分析其化学成分。结果从连钱草挥发油分离出71种化合物,鉴定出其中的47种,其相对含量占总含量的92.29%。最主要的几种化合物为solavetivone(17.52%),pinoeamphone(16.32%),(+)-ledene(8.23%),β-humulene(7.92%)等。结论研究明确了连钱草挥发油含有的成分,为其进一步的开发利用提供理论依据。     

连翘挥发油化学成分的研究

本文报告自连翘果实中蒸出挥发油（收油率０．２％），用毛细管气相色谱法分出２３个峰，并用气相色谱－质地从中共鉴定了１９个成分。其主要成分是β－蒎烯（７６．２７％），α－蒎烯（１５．１１％），水芹烯（１．５５％），对－聚伞花烯（１．２０％），芳樟醇（１．０８％）等。     

蒙药旋覆花挥发油化学成分分析

目的:利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对蒙药旋覆花挥发油化学成分进行全面分析。方法:使用乙醚萃取浓缩、水蒸气蒸馏的方法提取旋覆花挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分离鉴定,采用 GC 峰面积归一化法定量。结果:共鉴定出29个成分,占挥发油色谱总峰面积的90.35%,其中邻苯二甲酸二丁基酯16.30%,有6个化合物含量超过7%。结论:本方法快速方便,重现性好,适用于旋覆花挥发油化学成分分析。     

佩兰挥发油化学成分的研究

目的:用气相色谱-质谱法对山东平邑及河南南阳产佩兰挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法从2种佩兰中提取挥发油。采用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析,找出最佳分析条件,用归一化法测定其百分含量,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件:SE-54毛细管柱(25m×0.25mm,0.25μm),柱温90℃(7min)5℃·min~(-1) 260℃(10 min);分流进样,分流比1:50;进样温度对270℃,FID检测器,温度为270℃。结果:山东平邑产佩兰共鉴定了38个成分,占挥发油总成分的82％以上;河南南阳产佩兰共鉴定了39个成分,占挥发油总成分的82％以上。结论:本方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

草豆蔻挥发油化学成分的GC/MS研究

目的：用气相色谱-质谱法对草豆蔻挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法从草豆蔻中提取挥发油,试用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析。找出最佳分析条件。用归一化法测定各组分的相对百分含量。并用气相色谱-质谱法对其化学成分进行鉴定。结果：共鉴定了37个成分,占挥发油总成分的88%以上。结论：此方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析。     

浙江产水菖蒲挥发油化学成分研究

目的:研究浙江产水菖蒲根茎和叶中挥发油的化学成分。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法进行定性分析,按峰面积归一化法求出挥发油中各化学成分的百分含量。结果:共鉴定出32个化合物,根、茎和叶中挥发油成分基本相同,主要成分为细辛醚、水菖蒲酮和榄香素。结论:浙江产水菖蒲挥发油中含有丰富的药用活性成分。     

德州野生黄花蒿挥发油化学成分的研究

目的　用气相色谱 -质谱法对黄花蒿挥发油化学成分进行分析。方法　采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取黄花蒿中挥发油。用气相色谱 -质谱法对挥发油中化学成分进行鉴定,用归一化法确定相对百分含量。结果　鉴定了 5 9种组分,占挥发油总量的 93 97%。结论　本实验方法简便、可靠,重现性好     

迎春花叶挥发油的化学成分

目的研究迎春花叶的化学成分,为迎春花植物的进一步开发利用提供部分科学依据。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从迎春花叶中提取挥发油,采用最佳分析条件对化学成分进行鉴定,GC法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量。结果共鉴定了56个成份,占挥发油的89%以上。结论迎春花叶挥发油成分主要为脂肪酸和酯类的衍生物,占挥发油的61.59%,其中9,12,15-十八碳三烯甘油酯的含量最高达36.18%。     

Essential oils from Taiwan: Chemical composition and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli

The chemical compositions of seven essential oils from Taiwan were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The eluates were identified by matching the mass fragment patents to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 08 database. The quantitative analysis showed that the major components of lemon verbena are geranial (26.9%) and neral (23.1%); those of sweet marjoram are γ-terpinene (18.5%), thymol methyl ether (15.5%), and terpinen-4-ol (12.0%); those of clove basil are eugenol (73.6%), and β-(Z)-ocimene (15.4%); those of patchouli are carvacrol (47.5%) and p-cymene (15.2%); those of rosemary are α-pinene (54.8%) and 1,8-cineole (22.2%); those of tea tree are terpinen-4-ol (33.0%) and 1,8-cineole (27.7%); and those of rose geranium are citronellol (28.9%) and 6,9-guaiadiene (20.1%). These components are somewhat different from the same essential oils that were obtained from other origins. Lemon verbena has the same major components everywhere. Tea tree, rose geranium, and clove basil have at least one major component throughout different origins. The major components and their amounts in sweet marjoram, patchouli, and rosemary vary widely from one place to another. These results demonstrate that essential oils have a large diversity in their composition in line with their different origins. The antibacterial activity of essential oils against Escherichia coli was evaluated using the optical density method (turbidimetry). Patchouli is a very effective inhibitor, in that it completely inhibits the growth of E. coli at 0.05%. Clove basil and sweet marjoram are good inhibitors, and the upper limit of their minimum inhibitory concentration is 0.1%.     

用裂解气相色谱-质谱法分析丁香油中的成分

目的研究对丁香油成分进行分离、鉴定的方法。方法采用裂解 毛细管气相色谱 质谱联用技术对丁香油成分进行分离并定性、定量。结果丁香挥发油中主要成分是丁香油酚和 β 石竹烯 ,相对含量约为 89%。 结论确定了用裂解 毛细管气相色谱 质谱联用技术进行天然植物鉴定及评价的方法。     

沪产艾蒿鲜叶挥发油成分的GC-MS分析

目的：分析沪产艾蒿鲜叶的挥发性成分,为艾蒿鲜叶的开发利用提供依据.方法：通过水蒸馏法提取艾蒿鲜叶挥发油,用气相色谱一质谱联用技术分析其化学成分。结果：从艾蒿鲜叶挥发油中鉴定了68个成分、主要为大香叶烯D（gennacrene D）、桉叶素（cineole）、石竹烯（caryophyllenene）、侧柏酮（thujone）,占总含量80％以上。结论：沪产艾蒿鲜叶含有的挥发油成分主要为大香叶烯D、桉叶素、石竹烯、侧柏酮,其中侧柏酮为艾蒿鲜叶的最主要成分,与干燥药材的挥发油成分有较大区别,在应用新鲜艾叶时应加以注意。     

气相色谱-质谱联用结合化学计量学分辨法分析甘松的挥发油成分

目的分析中药甘松的挥发油成分。方法采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)结合化学计量学分辨法对甘松挥发油成分进行定性分析,对重叠峰和包埋峰采用直观推导式演进特征投影法(HELP)和选择离子法(SIA)进行分辨,同时计算各组分的程序保留指数(PTRI),用NIST质谱库对解析后的纯组分进行定性。结果定性分析出69种化学成分,占总含量的93.98%。结论 GC-MS法结合化学计量学分辨法比单用GC-MS法定性结果更加准确、可靠。     

甘肃麻黄挥发油化学成分分析

目的：分析研究甘肃麻黄挥发油成分。方法：采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取麻黄挥发油，通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术进行挥发油的成分分析。结果：通过计算机检索、图谱解析共鉴定了60个化学成分，其中草麻黄50个，膜果麻黄44个，分别占其总峰面积的91．33%，90．63％。草麻黄中含量最高的是d-α-松油醇，膜果麻黄中含量最高的是十六烷酸。结论：首次研究了甘肃野生草麻黄及膜果麻黄挥发油化学成分，为合理开发和利用资源提供依据。     

不同溶剂及提取方式对沉香精油成分的影响

目的 采用气相色谱-质谱联用法（GC-MS）分析沉香Aquilaria sinensis（Lour.）Gilg精油成分,比较不同溶剂和不同提取方式对沉香精油成分的影响。方法 精密称取3份沉香粉30 g,分别加入150 mL三级水、无水乙醇和石油醚,在50℃下磁力搅拌1.5 h,滤过,滤渣重复以上步骤1次,合并滤液,浓缩得精油;沉香粉分别经超临界提取、连续相变提取、水蒸气提取制备精油;称量精油质量,计算得率。通过气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）对挥发性化合物进行鉴定及检测相对含量;通过GC-MS对不同提取方式所得精油中脂肪酸组成进行检测。结果 水、乙醇和石油醚提取精油共检测出191种物质,不同溶剂所得提取物组成差异较大;乙醇提取精油得率最高,为10.70%。超临界、连续相变和水蒸气提取精油共检测出180种物质,连续相变提取所得精油香气成分最多,为90种,且精油得率最高,为1.42%;3种提取方法所得精油共检测到8种脂肪酸,连续相变所得精油脂肪酸种类最多,为8种。结论 不同溶剂和不同方式提取所得成分差异较大,但连续相变提取精油得率高、提取成分多,有利于还原沉香的本身风味,是一种新型有效的提取方式。     

桂枝挥发油化学成分的GC／MS分析

目的 :用气相色谱 -质谱法对桂枝挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法 :采用水蒸气蒸馏法从桂枝中提取挥发油。试用不同类型的毛细管柱进行分析 ,找出最佳分析条件 ,用归一化法测定其百分含量 ,并用气相色谱-质谱法对化学成分进行鉴定。色谱条件 :SE - 5 4毛细管柱 (2 5m× 0 2 5mm ,0 2 5 μm) ,柱温 90℃ (8min)4℃·min-12 30℃ (10min) ;分流进样 ,分流比 1∶5 0 ;进样温度 2 5 0℃ ,FID检测器 ,温度为 2 5 0℃。结果 :共鉴定了 37个成分 ,占挥发油总成分的 92 %以上。结论 :本方法稳定可靠 ,重现性好 ,适用于中药挥发油的化学成分分析     

Phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oils from different parts of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

Essential oils from the seed, pulp, and leaf of sea buckthorn were obtained with hydrodistillation, and their phytochemical composition was analyzed through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the oils was tested on five food-borne bacteria by spectrometry and evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. The results indicate that the composition of all essential oils is dominated by free fatty acids, esters, and alkanes. Minimum inhibitory concentration values on each bacterium were obtained for oils from different parts. The oils from different parts exhibited nearly equal inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The pulp oil was found to be the most effective for the rest of bacteria tested except Escherichia coli, on which seed oil shows twice the inhibitory effect to that of leaf or pulp oil. Three natural inhibitory examples were found comparable with or even better than the positive control: pulp oil on Bacillus subtilis, and pulp oil and leaf oil on Bacillus coagulans.     

金佛手挥发油化学成分的GC-MS研究

目的分析金佛手鲜品与干品挥发油的化学成分与相对含量。方法用色谱-质谱联用法(GC-MS)测定佛手挥发油,结果用计算机检索NIST98数据库。结果从佛手挥发油中检测出30多种化学成分,主要成分是D-柠檬烯和( )-2-蒈烯,鲜品挥发油中分别为40.02%,21.35%,干品挥发油中分别为38.63%,18.17%。结论金佛手挥发油的主要成分是柠檬烯与蒈烯。     

Chemical composition analysis of rose water samples from Iran

Content: Rosa damascena Mill. (Rosaceae) is an important ornamental and medicinal plant and a source of fragrance. Its hydrosol is known in Iran as golab (rose water) and has applications in religious ceremonies, food, and pharmaceuticals. Hydrosol is traditionally and industrially produced by distillation. The increase in market demand has led to production of inferior products for hydrosol that contain synthetic essences or essential oils of other plants, or that have been diluted with water. Inferior product often may be distinguished via its color changes and weak odor. However, details need to be determined by chemical analysis.

Objective: The current study evaluated the composition and quality of 10 rose water samples purchased from local markets in Shiraz, capital of Fars province in Iran.

Materials and methods: The essential oils of the samples were extracted and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

Results: Results revealed that phenethyl alcohol, geraniol, and β-citronellol were the main constituents of most samples. In total, 22 constituents were detected and identified in the samples. Identification was determined for 60.97–96.07% of the essential oil components.

Discussion and conclusion: It was concluded that Pelargonium and Dianthus essential oils and synthetic essences had been added to some samples. Dibutyl phthalate was also detected in most samples. This substance, which commonly exists as polyethylene terephthalate, may have been released into the samples from their containers.