喷射成形过喷粉末形貌及组织研究

采用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜对喷射成形过喷粉末的形貌及组织进行了研究。结果表明，过喷粉末颗粒尺寸相对比较均匀，以球状、类球状形态存在，并且尺寸越小越圆整。过喷粉末颗粒多以异质形核为主，极少数小颗粒组织为同质形核，无论以何种方式形核，其内部组织均为树枝晶。     

喷射沉积CuSn合金过喷粉末的研究

采用粒度分析、光学显微镜和扫描电镜对喷射沉积CuSn合金过喷粉末的粒度分布、外观形貌及显微组织特征进行了表征。结果表明:随着粉末颗粒尺寸的减小,颗粒表面变得光滑,形状规则;粉末CuSn10和CuSn15的平均粒径约为55μm和58μm;粉末的微观组织与颗粒尺寸有关,大尺寸以树枝晶为主,小尺寸以胞状晶为主;过喷粉末的冷却速度达105K·s-1。     

喷射成形高锰ZA35合金过喷粉末形貌及组织特征

采用扫描电子显微镜对喷射成形高锰ZA35合金过喷粉末的形貌及组织进行研究,分析了粉末的粒度组成,计算了粉末的冷却速度,用X射线衍射分析合金相组成。结果表明,过喷粉末尺寸越小,越接近球形,圆整度越好,雾化压力1.0MPa比0.8MPa条件下所得粉末平均粒度更细小;粉末平均冷却速度为104～105K/s,高锰ZA35合金的微观组织主要由富含锰元素的基体α-Al相和η-Zn相组成。     

粉末粒度对高硅铝合金显微组织及性能的影响

通过对快速凝固高硅铝合金粉末(Al-30%Si)进行真空包套热挤压,制备出高硅铝合金电子封装材料,研究了粉末粒度对高硅铝合金材料组织及性能的影响.利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、万能电子拉伸机、差热分析仪、TR-2热物性测试仪等设备系统测试和分析了该材料的显微组织、力学和物理性能.结果表明:原始粉末颗粒尺寸大小能显著影响材料热挤压后的显微组织和性能.原始粉末颗粒越细小,其硅相越细小、抗拉强度和致密度越高、气密性越好、热导率和热膨胀系数越低.     

高温合金喷射成形过喷粉末的凝固组织特征

研究了高温合金喷射成形过粉末凝固组织特征。结果表明：粉末呈相当圆整的球形,内产组织随颗粒粒度的不同呈现多晶核与单晶核生长及发达与欠发达枝晶形态,粉末粒度在１０－２００μｍ之间,冷却速度在１０＾３－１０＾６Ｋ／ｓ之间,并从热传输和凝固过程上简要分析了过喷粉末快速凝固组织的形成机制。     

球磨对TiC颗粒增强高速钢复合材料显微组织与性能的影响

研究TiC颗粒与钢基混合粉在高能球磨过程中的显微组织与性能,分析在球磨过程中,粉末颗粒的形貌变化与粒度分布规律,明晰球磨时间对烧结合金致密度、显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:当球磨时间从0 h增加到30 h时,粉末颗粒发生变形破碎,粉末粒度快速降低;当球磨时间进一步增加到40 h时,粉末颗粒间的焊合破碎作用达到平衡,此时,粉末粒度变化趋于平缓,粉末形貌由最初的球形大颗粒变化为细小的层片状。当球磨时间继续增加时,粉末形貌不再有明显变化。烧结合金的致密度、显微组织和力学性能也呈现出相似的变化规律。复合材料的最佳球磨时间为40 h。     

镍基高温合金粉末颗粒的凝固组织研究

本文按粒度分级研究了PGH95镍基高温合金粉末颗粒的显微组织和析出相。随着粉末颗粒尺寸减小,冷却速度增加,颗粒的凝固组织从树枝晶为主的方式逐渐转变为胞状晶为主方式。主要析出相为MC型碳化物,其形态随颗粒尺寸不同而呈多样性。还发现少量硼化物,Laves相和一次γ′相,它们往往与MC碳化物伴生存在,粉末颗粒中相析出特征与其成分,凝固条件、显微组织密切相关。     

PREP法制备Ti-60Ta合金粉末及其性能

利用等离子旋转电极雾化技术制备出球形Ti-60Ta合金粉末,利用SEM、XRD和维氏显微硬度测试仪等分析手段对不同粒径的Ti-60Ta合金粉末表面形貌及内部的显微组织、相组成、树枝晶间距和维氏显微硬度进行了表征。结果表明,制备的Ti-60Ta合金粉末以β相为主,细粒径粉末还有少量马氏体α"相和ω相;大颗粒粉末的表面呈近似等轴花瓣状的树枝晶组织,小颗粒粉末表面枝晶组织则明显细化,并观察到细针状马氏体;随着粉末粒度减小,马氏体相增多,维氏显微硬度逐渐增大。     

火花等离子体放电制备高温合金细粉新技术

提出了火花等离子体放电(SPD)制备高温合金细粉新技术,并设计了样机.该方法与常用的高温合金制粉方法一等离子旋转电极法和氩气雾化法的原理不同,与之相比,该方法冷速更快,可制备粒度更细小的粉末,且设备简单.对2种高温合金进行制粉,实验表明:该方法制备的粉末粒度分布窄、球形度高、粉末颗粒表面光滑、看不到枝晶、颗粒内部是球状晶凝固组织,从而组织更均匀.     

直流电弧热等离子体球化处理TA1粉末工艺研究

采用直流电弧热等离子体对不规则TA1粉末进行球化处理。利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、粒度粒形分析仪、霍尔流速计、斯科特容量计及氧氮分析仪等分析测试手段,研究球化工艺对粉末组织形貌、粒度分布、球形度、流动性、松装密度及氧含量的影响。结果表明,球化处理可将不规则形状TA1粉末球化为表面附着亚微米颗粒的实心球形;球形粉末内部组织由等轴状α相转变为长条状α相。球化处理使TA1粉末平均粒径和氧含量降低,球形度升高。原料粉末粒度越小、等离子体发生器功率越高,球化后粉末平均粒径越小,球形度越高;但会导致球化后粉末中亚微米颗粒含量增加、粉末流动性变差、松装密度降低;去除亚微米颗粒可以提高粉末流动性,并进一步降低氧含量。     

Effect of Particle and Carbide Grain Sizes on a HVOAF WC-Co-Cr Coating for the Future Application on Internal Surfaces: Microstructure and Wear

The use of nanoscale WC grain or finer feedstock particles is a possible method of improving the performance of WC-Co-Cr coatings. Finer powders are being pursued for the development of coating internal surfaces, as less thermal energy is required to melt the finer powder compared to coarse powders, permitting spraying at smaller standoff distances. Three WC-10Co-4Cr coatings, with two different powder particle sizes and two different carbide grain sizes, were sprayed using a high velocity oxy-air fuel (HVOAF) thermal spray system developed by Castolin Eutectic-Monitor Coatings Ltd., UK. Powder and coating microstructures were characterized using XRD and SEM. Fracture toughness and dry sliding wear performance at three loads were investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer with a WC-Co counterbody. It was found that the finer powder produced the coating with the highest microhardness, but its fracture toughness was reduced due to increased decarburization compared to the other powders. The sprayed nanostructured powder had the lowest microhardness and fracture toughness of all materials tested. Unlubricated sliding wear testing at the lowest load showed the nanostructured coating performed best; however, at the highest load this coating showed the highest specific wear rates with the other two powders performing to a similar, better standard.     

Aluminum-silicon carbide coatings by plasma spraying

An aluminum base composite (Al-SiC) powder has been developed for producing plasma sprayed coatings on Al and other metallic substrates. The composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying of 6061 Al alloy with SiC particles. The concentration of SiC was varied between 20 and 75 vol%, and the size of the reinforcement was varied from 8 to 37 μm in the Al-50 vol% SiC composites. The 44 to 140 μm composite powders were sprayed using an axial feed plasma torch. Adhesion strength of the coatings to their substrates were found to decrease with increasing SiC content and with decreasing SiC particle sizes. The increase in the SiC content and decrease in particle size improved the erosive wear resistance of the coatings. The abrasive wear resistance was found to improve with the increase in SiC particle size and with the SiC content in the composite coatings.     

Particle Size Distribution of the Filling Powder in Cored Wires: Its Effect on Arc Behavior, In-Flight Particle Behavior, and Splat Formation

The filling powder, as a part of the feedstock in cored wires, directly influences the particle formation, in-flight particle behavior, the coating microstructure, and consequently the behavior of the desired coating, produced by twin wire arc spraying (TWAS). In this work, the effect of the particle size distribution of the filling powder in cored wires was studied. The process parameters were changed for different intervals of particle size distributions. Arc fluctuations were measured and found to be higher at smaller particle sizes. The in-flight particles showed a higher velocity when powders with smaller grain sizes were used and higher particle temperature when bigger grain sizes were used. The splats tended to form a regular disk shape in the case of smaller grain sizes. This investigation studied the important effect of using cored wires and the filling powders grain sizes on the TWAS process.     

Investigation on the Effect of Reinforcement Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties of the Cold Sprayed Ni-Ni3Al Composites

In the present study, cold spraying technique was used to fabricate a metal matrix composite (MMC) that consists of Ni matrix and 20 vol.% Ni₃Al particles at two different particle sizes as reinforcement. This study intends to investigate the effect of reinforcement particle size on microstructural and mechanical properties of cold sprayed MMCs. Two different Ni₃Al powders with nominal particle size of ?45 to +5 and +45 to 100 μm were used as reinforcement in this study. Cold sprayed Ni-Ni₃Al samples were subjected to the microstructural observation and characterization prior to any mechanical testing. Then, samples were tested using nano-indentation, Knoop hardness, Vickers hardness, and Resonance frequency to evaluate their mechanical properties. No significant changes were observed in microstructural characteristics due to different particle sizes. The results obtained from a variety of mechanical testings indicated that the increasing reinforcement particle size resulted in the slight reduction of mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and hardness in cold sprayed MMCs. The mechanical interlock between deposited particles defines the bonding strength in cold sprayed samples. Small size particles have a higher velocity and impact resulting in stronger interlock between deformed particles.     

电热爆炸定向喷涂Stellite 6合金涂层

采用电热爆炸定向喷涂工艺在45号钢基体上制备stellite6合金涂层。借助光学显微镜，扫描电镜和图像分析软件等对涂层厚度均匀性、孔隙率，显微组织、晶粒度以及涂层基体界面结合情况进行了分析。借助显微硬度仪对涂层的硬度进行了测试。对不同尺寸喷涂材料所得涂层进行了比较。结果表明，两种不同尺寸喷涂材料制备的涂层组织晶粒均大大细化，涂层孔隙率都比较低；小截面积的喷涂材料制备涂层的厚度均匀性好于大截面的喷涂层；涂层与基体界面结合良好，在界面附近发生了扩散现象；涂层硬度均远远高于原始stellite6喷涂材料硬度，最高分别达到997HV和738HV，为原始硬度的2～3倍。且小尺寸喷涂材料涂层硬度高于大尺寸喷涂材料涂层硬度。     

球形烧结态Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末制备研究

试验通过添加高分子分散剂配制Cr3C2-25%NiCr料浆,采用喷雾干燥技术制备球形粉末,在保护气氛下进行液相烧结,气流粉碎分级后形成合适粒度粉末.实验研究了不同分散剂含量对喷雾干燥制备Cr3C2-25%NiCr复合粉末性能的影响,液相烧结工艺对Cr3C2与NiCr合金相之间冶金化结合状态的影响.研究结果表明高分子分散剂能够很好的调解料浆性能,使喷雾干燥粉末具有良好的物性.采用SEM、XRD及化学成分分析表明粉末物理性能与国外粉末相当,超音速火焰喷涂涂层性能较好.     

等离子弧粉末堆焊过程中粉末颗粒的输运行为

利用电弧物理和流体力学理论分析了等离子弧粉末堆焊过程中粉末材料在转移型等离子弧中的输运行为及其主要影响因素,并以铁基合金粉末和碳化硼粉末为例,具体计算了不同特征的粉末在不同堆焊参数下的弧柱中的输运速度分布及沿弧柱横截面上的粉通量分布.计算结果表明,堆焊粉末颗粒在等离子弧空间的流动速度要比等离子流速低得多;对于同一种粉末材料来说,粒径越小,其在等离子弧柱中越容易被加速,在弧柱中的平均流速也越大;粉末的质量密度对其流速的影响与粒径颇为相似,密度越小,粉末在弧柱中的加速度和平均速度就越大.理论计算结果还表明,在电流大于150A的转移型等离子弧柱中,粉末颗粒的轴向输运速度在弧横截面上呈"山峦形分布",电流越大,中心山谷就越深越大.     

Characterization of thermal sprayed hydroxyapatite powders and coatings

Calcium phosphate materials such as hydroxyapatite (HA) have biocompatible properties that can promote osteogenesis or new bone formation. Thermal spraying is an economical and effective process for coating the hydroxyapatite onto metal. It has been reported that plasma spraying changes the degree of crystallinity as well as the phase composition of the HA. This article reports the preparation and characterization of HA powders and coatings by two thermal spray processes (plasma and combustion flame) and suggests that the state of the starting powder adversely affects the coating characteristics. The raw HA powders are synthesized through a chemical reaction involving calcium hydroxide and orthophosphoric acid. Phase analysis using an X- ray diffractometer revealed that the synthesized powder consists of predominantly the HA phase. Calcined and crushed HA powders of various size ranges were fed into the plasma jet to produce HA coatings on metallic substrates. In addition, some HA powders were sprayed into distilled water by plasma spraying and combustion flame spraying to study powder melting characteristics. Other samples were plasma sprayed onto a solid rotating target to study atomization and impact behavior. The morphology of the rapidly solidified powders and thermal sprayed coatings were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An X- ray sedimentation particle size analyzer, laser diffraction particle size analyzer, and image analyzer performed the particle size analysis. Preliminary results indicate that particle cohesion, size range, and thermal treatment in the plasma affect the phase and structure of the as- sprayed coating, and some post- spray treatment may be necessary to produce a dense and adherent coating with the desired biocompatible properties.     

Effect of Particle Morphology and Size Distribution on Cold-Sprayed Pure Titanium Coatings

The effects of commercially pure titanium particle morphology (spherical, sponge, and irregular) and size distributions (mean particle sizes of 20-49 μm) on the cold spray process and resulting coating properties were investigated. Numerous powder and coating characterizations were performed including: powder oxygen and nitrogen contents, powder flowability, powder compressibility, coating microhardness, coating porosity, LOM/SEM analyses, and XRD. Compared to spherical powders, the sponge and irregular CP-Ti powders had higher oxygen content, poorer powder flowability, higher compression ratio, lower powder packing factor, and higher average particle impact velocities. XRD results showed no new phases present when comparing the various feedstock powders to corresponding coatings. A higher particle temperature was also obtained with larger particle size for all feedstock powder morphologies processed with the same set of spray parameters. A spherical powder with 29 μm mean particle size was found to have the lowest porosity coating and best cold sprayability. The relationships of several as-cold sprayed coating characteristics to the ratio of particle impact and critical velocities were also discussed.     

碳化钨粉分级对粉末特性与合金性能的影响

对市售16μmWC进行风力分级,得到了粗中细三种粒级的粉末,分析了原粉、分级粉的供应态和研磨态费氏粒度、粒度分布等特性,比较了用4种粉末制备的WC-10%Co的合金特性。结果表明:分级粉的均匀性都有改善;粗粉费氏粒度是细粉的2倍,研磨态粒度则相差很小;粉末的碳含量是随分级粉粒度变小而增高。4种粉末制备的合金的密度、硬度、磁力、钴磁差别不大,分级粉的抗弯强度则随着粒度变细而提高,Fsss供/Fsss研的值越小,合金强度越高,比值为3.1的细粉制备的合金的抗弯强度比其值为6.2的粗粉合金的抗弯强度提高29%,且金相组织中的WC和Co相最为均匀。