利用聚合诱导胶体凝聚法制备中孔钛胶的研究

以钛酸丁酯为原料,利用聚合诱导胶体凝聚法(polymerization-induced colloid aggregation, PICA)合成了可供高效液相色谱(HPLC)使用的窄孔径和粒径分布的微米级中孔钛球.探索了以钛酸丁酯为原料制备胶体的方法和条件,考察了温度、溶液pH值、尿素和甲醛浓度对树脂微球成球的影响.同时对树脂微球的煅烧条件进行了考察.最终制备出适用于HPLC的平均粒径为3.5μm,平均孔径为18.9 nm,比表面积为9.6m2/g的二氧化钛填料.     

大粒径介孔氧化硅微球的优化合成及表征

以非离子型嵌段共聚物为模板剂、正硅酸乙酯为硅源,制备了一种比表面积为712m2·g-1、孔径6.93nm、孔容1.06cm3·g-1、粒径10μm的介孔SBA-15微球,采用扫描电镜考察了各种合成条件对介孔氧化硅微球形貌的影响,对SBA-15介孔微球的合成条件优化和形成机理进行了研究和探讨。结果表明:介孔氧化硅微球的生长可以看作一个由微小溶胶粒子发生渐进聚沉、成长为较大溶胶粒子的过程;共表面活性剂和无机盐的引入对介孔微球的形成具有辅助作用;合成体系的酸度和晶化阶段之前的陈化条件是介孔微球形成的关键所在。在共聚物的盐酸溶液(1mol·L-1)中,不添加共表面活性剂和无机盐,仅控制陈化条件于35℃静置24h,100℃水热处理24h,可得到大粒径的介孔SBA-15微球。     

多孔氧化铜空心微球的一步法制备及其光催化性能

采用一步法成功制备出多孔氧化铜空心微球,用SEM、XRD和FTIR对制得的样品进行了表征。研究发现,碳源、反应温度、反应时间、CuSO4浓度等实验条件在多孔微球的制备过程中起着重要作用。在实验结果的基础上,提出了多孔氧化铜空心微球的形成机理。制备的多孔氧化铜空心微球的比表面积为409 m2.g-1,平均孔径为3.15 nm,总孔体积为0.256 cm3.g-1,这种空心微球具有量子尺寸效应并对罗丹明B有较高的光催化性能。     

单分散聚苯乙烯微球的制备及表征

应用膜乳化-液中干燥法成功制备出粒径为2～20μm的单分散聚苯乙烯(PS)微球.PS微球的粒径主要由膜孔径决定,其值约为膜孔径的2倍;PS溶液的浓度对其也有一定的影响.膜乳化过程中的压力对微球粒径的分散性有很大的影响,在一定压力范围内,粒径呈单分散.在分散相中加入致孔剂,制备出表面多孔的PS微球.采用复乳-液中干燥法制备出中空PS微球.     

模板法制备大孔硅胶微球及其在高效液相色谱蛋白质分离中的应用

以弱阳离子交换聚合物微球(WCX)为模板、N-三甲氧基硅基丙基-N,N,N-三甲基氯化铵(TMSPTMA)为结构导向剂、四乙氧基硅烷(TEOS)为硅胶前驱体,在三乙醇胺弱碱催化作用下,水解缩合形成有机聚合物与二氧化硅复合微球,将此复合微球煅烧后得到大孔二氧化硅微球。探索了不同反应条件对二氧化硅微球的形貌、表面结构和分散性的影响;当TMSPTMA、TEOS与三乙醇胺的体积比为1∶2∶2时可以得到孔径在50~150 nm之间、粒径在2μm左右的硅胶微球。对所制备的大孔硅胶微球表面进行C18(十八烷基二甲基氯硅烷)键合修饰,然后将键合的填料装填到50 mm×4.6 mm的色谱柱中,考察了其对常见的几种标准蛋白质和市售大豆分离蛋白质的分离效果,结果显示这种填料在高效液相色谱蛋白质分离中具有一定的潜力。     

TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球的制备及其表征

以TiOSO4和硅溶胶为原料, 加入甲酰胺作为干燥控制化学添加剂, 采用W/O乳状液中的溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/SiO2凝胶微球, 通过正硅酸乙酯母液浸泡、溶剂交换、陈化和常压干燥技术制备TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球, 采用光学显微镜、SEM、TEM和BET比表面及孔分布测定等手段对所得样品进行表征. 典型的气凝胶微球样品是由粒径15 nm左右, 粒度分布相当均匀的球状纳米粒子构成的轻质纳米多孔材料, 表观密度为177 kg•m-3, 比表面积372 m2•g-1, 平均孔径22.78 nm, 孔隙率高达92.0％, 微球的宏观粒径为50 m. 依据制备条件的变化, TiO2/SiO2气凝胶微球的宏观粒径可控在10～200 m之间, 表观密度为150～300 kg•m-3, 比表面积为300～400 m2•g-1, 平均孔径在18.71～22.78 nm之间变化.     

多孔二氧化钛微球的制备、表征及其光催化性能

以Lutensol TO(异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚)系列非离子表面活性剂为辅助剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了比表面积高、孔径分布窄的锐钛矿型TiO2多孔微球,并用透射电镜、扫描电镜、热重-差热分析、X射线衍射和氮吸附进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝降解为模型反应评价了其光催化性能,并与商品化TiO2Degussa P25进行了比较.实验结果表明,样品在425℃焙烧后,形成具有孔状结构的锐钛矿型TiO2微球,粒径为0.7~1.0μm,比表面积为70.5 m2/g,总孔容为0.12 cm3/g,平均孔径为4.26nm,晶粒尺寸为12 nm.这种多孔TiO2微球具有较高的催化活性,与Degussa P25纳米TiO2的催化活性相当.     

致孔剂溶解度参数对大孔层析介质的结构影响研究

分别以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油醚酯和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为功能单体和交联剂,采用悬浮聚合方法制备了大孔聚合物微球。考察了致孔剂的组成及用量对微球的孔径、比表面积的影响,其中随着致孔剂中的良溶剂(二氯甲烷δ=9.7(cal/cm~3)~(1/2)和不良溶剂(正辛醇δ=10.3(cal/cm~3)~(1/2)的比例变化,致孔剂体系溶解度参数可调范围为9.89~10.09(cal/cm~3)~(1/2),随着致孔剂与聚合物之间溶解度差值的增加,微球的孔径随之增大而比表面积呈下降趋势。将此类微球偶联聚乙烯亚胺衍生为阴离子交换层析介质,以前沿分析法比较了不同孔径的微球的传质性能,其中孔径为257 nm的介质仍能保持较高的动态蛋白载量(45.1 mg/m L),表明此类大孔介质在高通量分离纯化应用方面具有很大潜力。     

碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球的制备及其对VB12的吸附应用

采用反相乳液法制备碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合微球(CNTs/CTS), 并对其进一步炭化、活化制得碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球(CNTs/AC). 以此复合微球为吸附材料, 探索了其对中分子代表物质VB12的吸附. 研究结果表明, 碳纳米管含量70%(w)的复合微球经水蒸气适当活化后球形度好、吸附性能优异, 其对VB12的吸附量达23.59 mg·g-1, 分别是活性炭和大孔吸附树脂的5.4和2.7倍. 分析表明这是由于碳纳米管/活性炭复合微球具有发达的中孔结构.     

可用于色谱固定相的介孔氧化硅球材料的合成

采用非离子型嵌段高分子表面活性剂EO₂₀PO₃₀EO₂₀ (P65)为结构导向剂, 正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 在酸性介质中, 静置法制备了微米级介孔氧化硅球. 通过改变合成温度、反应时间或者无机盐KCl的加入量, 可以调节介孔氧化硅球的直径(9.0～17.6 μm); 加入1,3,5-三甲苯(TMB)或者调节水热温度, 可以调节介孔氧化硅球的孔径(2.3～4.8 nm). 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光散射粒度分布和对溶菌酶的吸附等方法, 对介孔氧化硅球的结构、孔性质、形貌、吸附性质等进行了表征. 实验发现, 孔径较小的介孔氧化硅球(≤4.3 nm)对溶菌酶的吸附不明显(≤42 mg/g), 而孔径(4.8 nm)大于溶菌酶直径的材料对溶菌酶有较大的吸附量(192 mg/g), 说明孔径均匀可调的介孔氧化硅球材料可以很好地用作体积排阻色谱柱的固定相.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.