Noise stability of time discriminators for spread-spectrum signals with phase and frequency modulation

The noise stability of incoherent and coherent time discriminators of delay tracking systems for promising spread-spectrum signals with phase and frequency modulation is analyzed. Recommendations on the application of the proposed algorithms in tracking correlation receivers of the considered spread-spectrum signals are given.     

Photoelectronic phase and frequency modulation

Phase and frequency modulation can most directly be effected by a nonlinear device whose output is a sinusoidal function of its input. While no electronic device exhibits this property, electrooptical systems can be designed with exactly this sinusoidal nonlinearity. This provides the basis for novel schemes of PM and FM.     

线性调频雷达全相参技术

在线性调频雷达系统中,若发射机输出的脉冲信号起始相位是不相参的,则接收机不能根据回波信号解调出准确的多普勒参数。引入了前导帧序列,以控制直接数字合成(DDS)输出信号的相位初始化,从而实现最终输出脉冲信号起始相位与参考时钟相参。该方法简单实用,仅需更改FPGA程序,无需对硬件电路做任何改动。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Multiple trellis coded frequency and phase modulation

Multiple trellis coded modulation of constant envelope frequency and phase modulated signal sets (MTCM/FPM) is investigated for performance on the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel and on the one-sided normal, Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. The Nakagami- m fading model is used as an alternative to the Rician fading model to calculate the error probability upper bound for trellis-coded schemes on the fading channel. The likeliness and the disparity between the upper bounds to the error probability for the two fading models are discussed. The design criteria for the one-sided normal fading channel, modeled by the Nakagami-m distribution, are observed to be the same as those for the Rayleigh-fading channel. For the MTCM/FPM schemes, it is demonstrated that the set partitioning designed to maximize symbol diversity (optimum for fading channels) is optimum for performance on the AWGN channel as well. The MTCM/FPM schemes demonstrate improved performance over MTCM/MPSK schemes and TCM/FPM schemes on the AWGN channel and the fading channel     

Coherent frequency/phase modulation scheme

An L-phase-levelled coherent frequency/phase modulation (LCFPM) scheme is proposed and analysed for additive white Gaussian noise channels. The optimised LCFPM scheme with L>2 is found to have superior bandwidth efficiency to the conventional dual-frequency quadrature frequency/phase modulation scheme     

基于随机森林的雷达信号脉内调制识别

针对雷达信号脉内调制识别算法存在着准确率低的问题,提出一种新的雷达脉内调制类型自动识别方法,该方法首先提取雷达信号时频图像的形状特征和纹理特征构成融合特征,然后将融合特征输入随机森林分类器,实现信号的分类识别.仿真实验中对8种常见的不同调制类型的雷达信号进行识别,提出的算法在信噪比为-2 dB时识别准确率可以达到90％以上,验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于跳频技术的FMCW雷达超宽带调频抗干扰方法

调频连续波雷达调频信号的非线性极易导致差频信号的频谱混叠,传统的研究都集中在调频信号非线性的克服或补偿上,但也只能提高较窄带宽范围内的线性,并不能提高雷达的抗干扰性能.基于跳频技术对调频信号进行频率调制,使雷达以跳频方式工作在超大带宽,克服了差频信号频谱混叠造成的影响.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该方法不仅保障了雷达测距测速的有效性,而且极大地提高了雷达的抗干扰性能.     

Noise response of tri-state phase frequency detector

An analytical expression describing the characteristics of a tri-state phase frequency detector is presented. Using this relation, uniform phase jitter and additive noise responses of the said system are analytically studied and the results are compared with simulated responses     

瞬时频率雷达信号脉内调制识别技术

雷达信号的脉内调制识别是雷达侦察信号处理的重要组成部分。随着信号环境愈趋复杂,雷达信号调制识别难度越来越大。首先根据调频和调相两类信号3 d B带宽明显差异的特征,实现类间粗分类识别。继而基于改进瞬时自相关算法提取的信号瞬时频率,将FSK信号和PSK信号进行类内细分类识别。在不同的信噪比条件下,经过多次仿真实验验证,与传统算法相比,此新信号识别算法具有更高的效率和准确度。     

基于相位和强度调制的微波测频技术研究

为了更好地对微波信号进行频率测量，采用了一种基于相位调制和强度调制相结合的瞬时测频方法。一束连续波光源通过耦合器被分成两路，未知微波信号分别同时经过相位调制器和强度调制器从而对载波进行调制，之后进入两段长距离的单模光纤中。在光纤中由于色散引起的微波功率损耗的特点，可以获得单调变化的频率-幅度的映射关系，继而通过光电探测的微波信号输出功率比得到幅度比较函数；另外还分析与实现了测频范围与测频精确度的优化。结果表明，该方案结构简易，能够快速精准地测量出未知信号的频率，测量范围可以达到0.5GHz~53GHz，测量误差小于±200MHz。该方法可以有效地测量微波信号频率，可靠性强，适用范围广。     

一种成像雷达的通信一体化信号设计与分析

雷达与通信系统一体化可以最大限度地利用雷达设备, 使雷达的优良性能为通信服务.根据信号共享的原则, 在保持成像雷达和通信各自功能实现的前提下, 设计了一种基于随机频率步进调制的成像雷达通信一体化信号.该信号的设计方法是对发送的通信数据进行随机编码处理, 然后将其调制到雷达载波的频点上发送出去, 实现通信功能; 而引入压缩感知理论后, 采用这种信号仍能获得高分辨率的雷达图像, 在一定功能上实现了成像雷达和通信的一体化.     

X波段低相噪宽频带雷达频率综合器设计

随着雷达导引头在弹载方面的广泛应用,导引头的抗电子干扰能力成为一项关键技术。雷达频率综合器作为雷达系统的核心部件,其产生本振信号的质量对雷达系统的抗电子干扰能力具有决定性影响,这对本振信号的跳频带宽、相位噪声、杂波抑制度、平坦度等参数指标提出了更高的要求。本文运用直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术和先进设计系统(ADS)仿真技术进行宽带阻抗匹配,采取有效信号串扰隔离技术,使雷达频率综合器的X波段本振信号的各项指标得到明显改善。通过实验测试,本振信号可以实现快速跳频,跳频带宽达到500 MHz,提高了雷达的抗干扰能力;相位噪声优于-98 dBc/Hz@1 kHz,有效改善了雷达导引头的接收灵敏度。     

多载频相位编码雷达通信一体化研究

为了最大程度地利用资源和减小电磁干扰,电子战平台的雷达通信一体化设计有着尤为重要的意义。针对通信中成熟应用且在雷达中有较好前景的正交多载频波形,提出直接序列扩频正交频分复用( OFDM)进行雷达通信一体化的想法。给出了实现方法,重点对该一体化信号模糊函数进行求解和分析,指出增加子载波数目信号分辨性能更佳;随机的信息流仅对模糊函数的邻道干扰项造成影响,为进一步优化一体化信号旁瓣性能提供了理论依据。最终的仿真结果和性能分析表明,该一体化信号能够实现雷达通信一体化的目的。     

基于反相对称法的相邻频带噪声的相关性研究

针对如何在频域使用反相对称法来进一步提高通信中的信噪比问题, 给出了一种计算噪声相关性的办法, 研究了不重叠和有部分重叠两种情况下的相邻频带噪声的相关性.证实了相邻频带的噪声具有相关性, 且这种噪声的相关性及其稳定性随着带宽的增加而减小.论证了相邻频带的噪声相关性随着频带重叠程度的减小而线性减弱, 为使用反相对称法来进一步提高通信中的信噪比提供了指导, 并为通信噪声理论增加了新的内容.     

基于相位调制器的宽带窄线宽的线性调频激光源的产生

提出了一种基于相位调制器(PM)和可调谐光滤波器产生线性调频激光信号的方法。该方法利用带有基频的微波线性调频信号作为相位调制器的驱动信号,窄线宽的激光种子源经相位调制器调制后产生一系列的宽带线性调频激光信号。通过可调谐光滤波器抑制其他边带保留所需阶次的线性调频激光信号。实验结果表明:当光滤波器保留正二阶调频激光信号时,获得了调频带宽为2 GHz、调频速率为6 THz/s的线性调频激光信号。在观测时间为1 ms时,测得的线性调频激光信号的瞬时线宽为3.2 kHz。该方法结构简单,易于实现,并且对调频连续波激光雷达、相干光谱分析等测量应用有重要意义。     

Harmonic mode-locking using regenerative phase modulation

In this letter, we report stable operation of a 1-GHz passively modelocked fiber laser synchronized by regenerative phase modulation. The minimum pulsewidth obtained was 600 fs and the laser amplitude noise was typical of low-noise passively mode-locked fiber lasers     

Performance evaluation of OFDM and single‐carrier systems using frequency domain equalization and phase modulation

In this paper, we study the performance of the continuous phase modulation (CPM)‐based orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CPM‐OFDM) system. Also, we propose a CPM‐based single‐carrier frequency domain equalization (CPM‐SC‐FDE) structure for broadband wireless communication systems. The proposed structure combines the advantages of the low complexity of SC‐FDE, in addition to exploiting the channel frequency diversity and the power efficiency of CPM. Both the CPM‐OFDM system and the proposed system are implemented with FDE to avoid the complexity of the equalization. Two types of frequency domain equalizers are considered and compared for performance evaluation of both systems; the zero forcing (ZF) equalizer and the minimum mean square error (MMSE) equalizer. Simulation experiments are performed for a variety of multipath fading channels. Simulation results show that the performance of the CPM‐based systems with multipath fading is better than their performance with single path fading. The performance over a multipath channel is at least 5 and 12 dB better than the performance over a single path channel, for the CPM‐OFDM system and the proposed CPM‐SC‐FDE system, respectively. The results also show that, when CPM is utilized in SC‐FDE systems, they can outperform CPM‐OFDM systems by about 5 dB. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

雷达频率源的相位噪声对改善因子限制的频域分析

本文从频域研究了频率源的相位噪声对相参雷达改善因子的限制，给出了矩形脉冲和线性调频脉脉冲雷达接收机视频信号中相位噪声谱密度的计算公式，并导出了它们对改善因子限制的结果，证明了频域和时域所得的对改善因子限制的公式是一样的。     

基于双调频斜率的分布式星载雷达波形设计

在分布式星载雷达系统中,为了获得分集增益和高分辨性能,要求各雷达发射的波形具有较强的正交性和较低的多普勒敏感性.通过对双调频斜率(Double Frequency Slope,DFS)信号的自相关性、距离分辨率、互相关性以及多普勒容忍性等性能的研究,推导出该波形各参数之间的关系.在此基础上,结合分布式星载雷达系统的要求提出了基于DFS信号的波形参数设计方法,并设计出具有正交性和低多普勒敏感性的DFS信号波形.研究结果表明：在信号时宽不变的情况下,增大各子信号间的调频斜率差可以提高多个DFS波形间的正交性;而要使DFS波形具有较低的多普勒敏感性,则可以通过增大信号带宽或减小调频斜率差来达到.仿真结果表明：利用波形参数间的相互关系设计出的DFS信号波形,能够较好地满足分布式星载雷达系统的要求.