基于榛子过敏原2S albumin基因的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法开发

目的 开发一种基于2S albumin基因的实时荧光聚合酶链式反应检测方法(real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction,qPCR)用于检测食品中的榛子成分。方法 采用qPCR技术,对建立的方法的特异性、扩增效率、检出限和稳健性进行验证。结果 本方法对检测目标呈现出高特异性,与其余12种非目标样品无交叉反应。扩增效率为99.42%,相关系数r2为0.9941,两者均符合实时荧光PCR方法验证指南要求。该方法检出限（limit of detection,LOD6）为每个反应5拷贝（2.5 copies/μL）,可检测出食品中含有的微量榛子成分。使用正交实验设计评估该方法具有很好的稳健性（P=0.07）,可转移到其他实验室及常规分析中使用。结论 基于2S albumin基因组分的qPCR检测方法可用于识别食品中潜在的榛子成分,对于预防榛子过敏及开发减敏脱敏榛子食品研究具有很好的技术支撑。     

食品中芥末过敏原成分LAMP检测方法的建立

目的：建立食品过敏原芥末成分环介导等温扩增（loop-mediated isothermal amplification,LAMP）检测方法,并与实时荧光-聚合酶链式反应（real-time polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR）检测方法比对。方法：针对白芥的主要过敏原基因Sin A1,设计LAMP引物并建立反应体系,在特异性和灵敏度方面与RT-PCR检测方法比对。结果：建立的LAMP检测方法,经特异性验证,与所测试的13 种植物,无交叉反应。通过添加实验,方法的检测灵敏度为0.5%,与RT-PCR方法检测灵敏度相当。检测了25 份实际样品,检测结果与RT-PCR检测结果一致。结论：建立的食品过敏原芥末成分LAMP检测方法简单经济,检测结果可靠,可有效缩短检测时间,适用于芥末过敏原成分
的检测,具有良好的应用前景。     

芝麻过敏原及其致敏性消减技术研究进展

芝麻是新的“8大类”过敏食物之一,芝麻过敏反应由于其潜在危害性及其日益上升的发病率而越来越引起全世界的普遍重视,因此研究芝麻致敏性消减技术在保障食品安全方面具有重要意义。概述了芝麻主要过敏原(Ses i 1～Ses i 7)的结构和免疫特性,及其致敏性消减技术原理和研究进展;已报道的芝麻过敏原有7种,属于2S白蛋白、7S类豌豆球蛋白、油质蛋白和11S球蛋白,其中11S球蛋白和2S白蛋白是主要的过敏原蛋白。利用热加工技术消减芝麻致敏性,主要通过煮沸、微波、烘焙等工艺引起过敏原的解聚、变性进而破坏致敏表位;高压、辐照、发酵、酶解等非热加工技术通过氢键、疏水键等化学键的变化、多肽链的断裂引起蛋白结构变化,从而掩盖或直接降解致敏表位。另外,结合其他食品过敏原,对芝麻过敏原的潜在消减技术,包括脉冲电场、冷等离子体、超声波、脉冲光、糖基化改性和复合加工技术等进行了阐述分析。未来需要进一步研究芝麻不同过敏原的致敏表位、不同加工工艺对过敏原结构及致敏性影响、开展血清学、细胞和动物模型等致敏性评价等,以明确芝麻致敏性消减的主要机制,以期为生产低敏或脱敏芝麻产品奠定理论依据与科学指导。     

实时荧光P C R 法检测食品中芝麻过敏原成分

本实验探讨采用实时荧光定量PCR 方法检测食品中的芝麻成分,结果表明：采用芝麻的引物和探针进行扩增时;22 种样品经实时PCR 扩增,只有白芝麻和黑芝麻产生荧光信号,其余样品均不产生荧光信号。灵敏度实验结果表明能检测到10-5 稀释度的4.4 ×10-12g DNA的量,定量关系式为：y=－ 3.472018x+18.851009,R2=0.993088。这两对引物和探针具有极高的灵敏度和扩增效率,符合痕量检测要求。     

小麦和榛子过敏原成分检测的实时荧光PCR方法

过敏原风险问题已成为重要的食品安全问题,如何快速准确地检测出食物中的过敏原成为当前亟需解决的关键。目前常用的过敏原检测方法有免疫学检测、质谱及SPR等技术,但这些方法均有一定程度的局限性。通过引入分子生物学鉴定手段,建立小麦、榛子的过敏原基因数据库,并依据数据库寻找特异性序列并设计探针引物,建立一种快速、便捷、高效的过敏原检测方法,并适当调整了方法的检出限,降低了检测误判的风险。通过建立实时荧光PCR方法,可快速筛选样品的过敏原基因,简化了食品中过敏原成分的鉴定,降低了实验成本与技能要求,降低了检测的难度,缩短了实验时间。通过适用性验证与检出限验证实验,该方法用于过敏原成分鉴定可以达到理想的效果,重复性好,准确率高,检出限为1%。     

实时荧光PCR法检测食物中榛子过敏原成分

榛子是最常见的食品过敏原之一,选择针对榛子不同基因的引物和探针,进行验证、比对和条件优化,建立榛子过敏原的实时荧光PCR检测方法。经实验比较,针对榛子热休克蛋白设计合成的引物和探针具有相对较高的灵敏性,检测限可达0.11ng DNA,而且和常见的食物种类无交叉反应,适于榛子过敏原的检测。该方法的建立,对于加强食品过敏原的标识管理,保护消费者利益、促进进出口贸易具有重要意义。     

实时荧光PCR法检测食物中榛子过敏原成分

榛子是最常见的食品过敏原之一,选择针对榛子不同基因的引物和探针,进行验证、比对和条件优化,建立榛子过敏原的实时荧光PCR检测方法。经实验比较,针对榛子热休克蛋白设计合成的引物和探针具有相对较高的灵敏性,检测限可达0.11ng DNA,而且和常见的食物种类无交叉反应,适于榛子过敏原的检测。该方法的建立,对于加强食品过敏原的标识管理,保护消费者利益、促进进出口贸易具有重要意义。      

食品过敏原羽扇豆成分的实时荧光PCR检测方法

羽扇豆是欧盟法规标签要求强制性标识的食品过敏原。采用现有参考文献TaqMan实时荧光PCR方法,研究建立食品过敏原羽扇豆成分的检测方法。研究表明建立的研究方法具有特异性,灵敏度高,检测限为1 mg/kg。此方法适用于食品中过敏原羽扇豆成分检测。     

芝麻过敏原的分离、鉴定与纯化

通过SDS-PAGE电泳分离芝麻的蛋白质组份,采用免疫印迹(Westem-blotting方法其鉴定过敏原,通过离子交换层析对芝麻主要过敏原进行初步纯化.结果表明白芝麻粗提液SDS-PAGE显示有14条蛋白条带.黑芝麻粗提掖SDS-PAGE显示有16条蛋白条带.Western-Blotting显示对芝麻过敏患者的混合阳性血清均能与黑芝麻、白芝麻11 ku蛋白反应,离子交换层析可初步纯化出白芝麻11 ku的过敏原蛋白.     

荧光定量PCR方法检测榛果过敏原成分

目的建立榛果过敏原成分的荧光定量PCR检测方法,并将此方法与酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)方法进行比对实验。方法根据榛果成分oleosin特异性基因设计并筛选合适的引物和探针,优化反应体系和反应条件,建立榛果过敏原成分的荧光定量PCR检测方法,对荧光定量PCR方法与ELISA方法检测结果进行分析。结果建立的榛果过敏原成分荧光定量PCR方法特异性良好,可用于榛果过敏原成分的定量检测,但检测灵敏度低于ELISA检测方法。结论所建立的榛果过敏原成分的荧光定量PCR检测方法特异性好,灵敏度达到10 mg/kg,具有较好的实用性,ELISA检测方法灵敏度高于荧光定量PCR法,但当榛果过敏蛋白被破坏后有可能出现假阴性结果。     

牛奶过敏原PCR检测方法的建立

牛奶是主要的食品过敏原之一,其中β-乳球蛋白是引起牛奶过敏的主要成分。基于牛奶β-乳球蛋白基因序列设计一对PCR引物,经过反应条件的优化,建立了适合检测牛奶β-乳球蛋白过敏原的PCR方法。实验结果表明,当PCR反应体系中模板DNA量为25ng,引物浓度为4mmol/L时,检测效果最佳。所建立的方法不仅可用于不同保质期、不同来源牛奶β-乳球蛋白过敏原的测定,亦可用于牛、羊奶不同比例混合物中β-乳球蛋白过敏原的检测。     

食品中牛奶过敏原成分LAMP检测方法的建立

目的 建立食品过敏原牛奶成分LAMP检测方法,并与实时荧光PCR(real-time PCR)检测方法比对。方法 针对牛线粒体细胞色素b(cyt-b)基因设计LAMP引物并建立反应体系,在特异性和灵敏度方面与real-time PCR检测方法比对。结果 本研究建立的LAMP方法检测9份不同品牌的牛奶和羊奶及其加工制品,没有出现交叉反应,具有良好的特异性。通过添加试验方法的检测灵敏度为0.5 %,与real-time PCR方法检测灵敏度相当。检测了69份实际样品,检测结果与real-time PCR检测结果一致。结论 本研究建立的食品过敏原牛奶成分LAMP检测方法简单经济,检测结果可靠,可有效缩短检测时间,适用于过敏原牛奶成分的检测,具有良好的应用前景。     

Application of real-time PCR for tree nut allergen detection in processed foods

Abstract

Currently, food allergies are an important health concern worldwide. The presence of undeclared allergenic ingredients or the presence of traces of allergens due to accidental contamination during food processing poses a great health risk to sensitized individuals. Therefore, reliable analytical methods are required to detect and identify allergenic ingredients in food products. Real-time PCR allowed a specific and accurate amplification of allergen sequences. Some processing methods could induce the fragmentation and/or degradation of genomic DNA and some studies have been performed to analyze the effect of processing on the detection of different targets, as thermal treatment, with and without applying pressure. In this review, we give an updated overview of the applications of real-time PCR for the detection of allergens of tree nut in processed food products. The different variables that contribute to the performance of PCR methodology for allergen detection are also review and discussed.     

Development and validation of a real-time PCR detection method for celery in food

As from 25 November 2005 onwards, a list of ingredients with known allergenic potential has to be labeled according to Directive 2003/89/EC, including celery and products thereof. In order to provide appropriate detection methods a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) system for the specific and sensitive detection of DNA from celery (Apium graveolens) was developed and validated. Specificity was confirmed by testing DNA derived from more than 50 food relevant organisms. Sensitivity was demonstrated on the basis of a calibration curve plotting the corresponding Ct-values against DNA amounts ranging from 1 to 1000 copies. Due to the lack of certified reference material the applicability of the method was assessed by analysis of sausages spiked with defined amounts of grounded celery seed. The limit of detection (LOD) examined exemplarily for emulsion-type sausages was 5–10 mg/kg. Analysis of celery-containing commercial products demonstrated the performance potential and limitations of the new real-time PCR system.     

PCR检测食品中致敏原虾源性成分

目的 建立食品中致敏原虾源性成分的PCR检测方法。方法 选择虾的16S rRNA基因作为物种鉴定的特异性标记基因, 设计适合于PCR扩增的引物, 进行虾的16S rRNA基因特异性和灵敏性检测。结果 通过对14种虾、5种蟹、24种鱼、12种贝类以及章鱼等56种样品进行PCR检测, 结果表明, 可以很好地鉴别虾源性成分。为研究食品加工过程对检测灵敏度的影响, 以虾肉和鱼肉为代表, 进行133 ℃热处理30 min的过程, 检测灵敏度可达到在鱼肉粉中检出0.05%含量的虾源性成分。结论 该方法特异、灵敏、准确, 适于食品中致敏原虾源性成分的检测。     

Validation and comparison of a sandwich ELISA,two competitive ELISAs and a real-time PCR method for the detection of lupine in food

Methods applied in food allergen analysis should be specific, sensitive and applicable to both raw and highly processed foods. The performance of the most commonly used methods, ELISA and real-time PCR, may, however, be influenced by food processing steps, e.g., heat treatment. The present study compares the applicability of four in-house developed methods, one sandwich ELISA, two competitive ELISAs and a real-time PCR method, for the detection of lupine in four different food matrices, comprising bread, biscuits, rice patties and noodles. In order to investigate the influence of food processing on the detectability, not only the heat treated model foods but also the corresponding doughs were analysed. The sandwich ELISA proved to be the most sensitive method. The LOD was found to be 10 ppm lupine, independent from the food matrix and independent if the dough or the heat treated food was analysed. In addition, the methods were applied to the analysis of commercial foodstuffs differing in their labelling.     

烟草PVY Real-Time PCR定量检测体系的建立及应用

马铃薯Y病毒是近年来危害烟草生产的重要病毒之一,严重影响烟草的产量与品质。本研究利用DNAMAN软件对GenBank数据库中已登录的马铃薯Y病毒(Potato virus Y,PVY)全基因组序列进行序列比对,设计引物,以烟草肌动蛋白基因为内参,建立了烟草PVY的实时定量检测体系。获得的real-time PCR扩增基线平整,指数扩增明显,斜率大;稳定性和重现性好,变异系数小;循环阈值与PCR起始模板量对数之间存在良好的线性关系。与DAS-ELISA相比,该方法具有高效、灵敏、特异性强等优点,为从分子生物学水平上检测烟草中PVY提供了新的技术手段。     

Development and validation of a novel real-time PCR method for the detection of celery (Apium graveolens) in food

The paper presents a novel real-time PCR method allowing the detection of traces of celery (Apium graveolens) in complex food matrices. The method is based on the amplification of a sequence of the gene coding for the Apium graveolens NADPH-dependent mannose-6-phosphate reductase. It allows the detection of three commonly used celery varieties, celery roots (Apium graveolens var. rapaceum), celery stalks (Apium graveolens var. dulce) and leaf celery (Apium graveolens var. secalinum) and does not show any cross-reactivity with 64 biological species, including ten members of the Apiaceae family. The limit of detection, determined by analysing serially diluted celery extracts, is 10 pg celery DNA for all three celery varieties. In spiked model sausages, the LOD is 0.005% celery. The real-time PCR method was applied to 26 commercial food products. Celery DNA was found in one out of ten samples without any information about the presence of celery.