ZnO纳米晶体的同轴送氧激光制备及其特性

利用场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪以及X射线能谱仪等试验方法对同轴送氧CO2连续激光制备的ZnO纳米晶体的形貌、组成成分以及相结构进行了分析．研究结果表明：同轴送氧激光辐射能够制备梅花状纳米晶体、四足晶体、纳米盘、纳米线等不同的纳米晶体；在不同的激光参数作用下，能够产生纯度很高的结构和性质相同的ZnO纳米晶体；并且ZnO纳米线阵列沿着金属锌板厚度生长，保持着自然的生长方向，有利于氧化锌晶体的提取，从而建立了一种制备ZnO纳米晶体的方法。     

均相沉淀法制备纳米硫化亚铁

采用硫代乙酰胺(TAA)和硫酸亚铁铵(AISH)为主要原料成功地合成出了纳米FeS微晶体．利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、动态光散射分析(DLS)和高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等方法对合成的样品进行了表征，结果发现，所制备的样品为均匀纳米晶体，外表呈细丝状，单分散性良好，细丝长度在55—70nm之间，长度与宽度的平均比值为20．合成体系的浓度对产物性质影内较大，而pH和温度影内相对较小，适量柠檬酸三钠起着抑制副反应发生和控制粒径增大作用．     

在碳纳米管上CVD法原位生长CdSe纳米晶体

用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)上均匀地生长了CdSe纳米晶体,并用TEM、SEM、EDS、UV-V is和XRD对CdSe纳米晶体的形貌和结构进行了表征.结果发现,CdSe纳米晶体的粒径约为18 nm,晶相为六方晶型,光谱分析表明CdSe纳米晶体的起始吸收大约在650 nm左右.     

有机溶剂法合成PbSe纳米立方块及其光学性质研究

用甲酰胺作溶剂和配位剂，通过温和的溶剂热路线成功地大量合成了PbSe纳米立方块．运用一系列技术手段，如粉末X光衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微术（TEM）、X光电子能谱（XPS）和傅立叶变换红外光谱等对所合成的PbSe立方块进行表征．纳米立方块的平均颗粒尺寸约为20nm．相对于[100]，[111]方向较快的生长速率导致了纳米立方块的形成，并提出了可能的生长机理，同时，对所得产物的光学性质进行研究，可能由于纳米颗粒的量子效应，吸收光谱出现蓝移现象．     

低温液相合成纳米材料

介绍一些低温液相合成纳米材料的方法：室温合成、波辅助合成（γ射线辐照法和超声化学法）、直接加热法、水热／溶剂热法．在各种合成方法中,结合使用一些辅助手段用于控制纳米材料的形状、尺寸和颗粒的分散：以乙二胺和正丁胺为溶剂制得了半导体纳米棒;水热处理可以使非晶晶化,如水热处理非晶胶体得到了Bi2S3,纳米棒和Se纳米线;在高分子聚合物聚丙烯酰胺（PAA）的辅助下得到了CdS超长纳米线;用液晶为模板合成了ZnS纳米线;管状聚合物聚乙烯醋酸酯（PVAc）在CdSe纳米线的形成中起到了微反应器和模板的双重作用;在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）的辅助下得到了Ni纳米带．另外,在不使用任何添加剂和模板的作用下,也合成了Ag纳米线、Te纳米管和ZnO纳米棒阵列等．     

CdSe纳米棒阵列的制备及其光电化学性能

在室温条件下, 用电化学沉积方法在铟锡氧化物(ITO)基底表面生长CdSe纳米棒阵列, 并利用X射线衍射(XRD)、 能量色散X射线(EDX)、 场发射扫描电子显微镜(
FESEM)和紫外 可见吸收光谱(UV Vis)表征CdSe纳米棒阵列的晶体结构和表面形貌, 考察其光电化学性能; 在标准三电极体系下, 测试CdSe纳米棒阵列电极的光电化学性能. 结果表明： 样品沿\[001\]方向择优生长, 并具有明显的光响应特性; 在光强为100 mW/cm² 的模拟太阳光照射下, 该电极光电流密度     

树瘤状ZnO-Bi2O3复合氧化物微晶的生长及光学特性

利用超声液相掺杂法合成具有三级分型结构的Bi₂O₃-ZnO纳米复合氧化物.用粉末X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）对产物的物相和组成进行分析.扫描电镜观察结果表明,超声时间和掺杂氧化铋摩尔分数是控制产物形貌的关键因素.同时探讨树瘤状晶体形成机理.紫外-可见（UV-Vis）和荧光光谱（PL）显示所合成的产品具有光学性质.     

Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶的合成和表征

用乙酰丙酮铜、二水醋酸锌、氯化亚锡和高纯硫分别作为反应的铜源、锌源、锡源和硫源,油胺充当反应溶剂和活性剂,采用热注入法在不同的温度和反应时间下合成出了Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶体.然后,使用X射线衍射、紫外-可见分光光度计、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜等手段分别对Cu_2ZnSnS_4纳米晶体的晶格结构、吸收谱线和表面形貌进行了表征.通过对比发现,在270℃时合成出的纳米晶体比较纯净,纳米晶体颗粒的尺寸在一定反应时间内随反应时间的延长而增大.得到的产物在有机溶剂甲苯中分散性良好.这样的"墨汁"溶液在后期制备薄膜太阳能电池更有利.     

水热法制备CdSe纳米晶

用合成的Na2SeSO3和Cd(NO3)2.4H2O在水溶液中180℃下反应12h,合成了直径为100 nm的CdSe纳米球,利用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构进行了表征,并探讨了其生长机理.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备La掺杂BaTiO3纳米晶体的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La掺杂的BaTiO3纳米晶体．借助热重-差热、傅立叶变换红外光谱、X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜等手段对样品进行了表征．结果表明，该方法可以制备出BaTiO3纳米晶体，La掺杂可以有效地降低BaTiO3纳米晶体的烧结温度，并且使其晶格发生收缩畸变．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with