一种能量延时优化的无线传感器网络信息分发策略

研究无线传感网络中的信息分发问题,结合复杂动态网络信息传播模型理论,提出一种能量和延时优化的信息分发策略(energy and delay optimized information dissemination strategy, EDOIDS)。该算法无需节点定位信息和网络拓扑信息,立足信息传播逐步向外扩展的动力学特性,利用接收节点的接收端信号功率强度指示(RSSD估计接收节点与发送节点的相对距离,建立节点转发优先级,确定MAC层转发时延。该算法在最大化覆盖新区域的同时能够有效降低碰撞,缩短整个系统的传播时延,同时,通过MAC层的监听机制以及复杂网络谣言传播理论,控制节点的转 发权,抑制冗余,降低能耗。     

DTN中基于节点综合性能的自适应喷射等待路由算法

延迟容忍网络(delay tolerant network,DTN)中,由于网络拓扑频繁变化,端到端之间不存在稳定的链路,如何选择合适的中继节点进行消息转发,使消息在较短时间内交付到目标节点是DTN中研究的关键问题之一.针对现有路由算法中继节点选择的盲目性以及对消息副本的分发缺乏合理控制的问题,提出一种基于节点综合性能...     

DTN中基于地理位置信息的备用副本转发算法*

针对容迟容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks, DTN)缺乏稳定的端到端连接、时延大和节点资源有限的特点,设计了一种基于广播的地理位置信息共享模型,提出了基于地理位置信息的备用副本转发算法。在不依托GPRS基站的条件下,将GPRS与DTN结合,为最优转发节点的选取提供位置信息;在消息副本转发失败时,备用副本选取新的转发节点,转发成功后,删除备用副本。仿真结果表明,算法在递交率、平均时延和网络开销方面表现优于Spray and Wait等对比算法,在车载自组网中具有很强的应用性。     

DTN中一种网络状态感知的概率路由算法

容迟/容断网络(DTN)是一类支持在大时延、链路间歇中断等受限条件下进行通信的新型网络体系.针对DTN中由于节点移动性、缓存空间受限等而不能保证消息可靠传输的问题,提出一种网络状态感知的概率路由算法NSAPR(network situa-tion-aware probabilistic routing algorithm).该算法依据节点之间的历史接触成功率获取网络状态信息,在转发决策时引入接触成功率的影响,并根据网络状态采取自适应的参数选取策略进行消息的转发和副本的删除,同时进行相应的队列管理和拥塞控制,从而优化中继节点的选择和减少对网络资源的浪费.仿真实验表明,与现有其他几种算法相比,该算法能够在不同网络状态下提高消息交付率并降低网络开销,具有较好的网络适应性.     

结合网络编码与存储转发的双向车道内容分发

在双向车道网络中,不同车道上分发的数据内容通常是不相同的,为了减轻丢包率的影响并利用移动车辆的存储转发能力,提出了一种可以结合定向天线的网络编码与存储转发机制来提高数据内容的分发速率。在该机制下,车辆节点驶经反向车道的分发节点时会存储接收到的来自不同车道的数据包,当其成为分发节点后,在分发同向车辆节点所需要的数据内容的同时也会转发反向车辆节点需要的数据包,以此来提高双向车道网络的传输速率。仿真结果显示,对于不同内容的分发,该机制下的分发速率增益接近相同内容分发但无转发机制的速率增益;而对于相同内容的分发,该机制下的分发速率增益可以超过无转发机制的两倍。     

基于卡尔曼预测的VANET混合路由算法

在车载自组织网络(VANET)中,车辆高速移动和分布不均导致网络拓扑快速变化、传输路径频繁中断,造成路由效率低下。为此,提出一种适用于城市场景的、基于卡尔曼预测的VANET混合路由算法,每个车辆节点通过部署卡尔曼预测器对邻居节点位置进行预测,通过该预测位置进行路由计算。在GPSR算法贪婪模式和边缘模式的基础上,借助容迟网络(DTN)路由的思想,存储并携带无转发节点的分组直至找到合适的转发节点。仿真结果表明,与GPSR算法和带缓存的GPSR算法相比,该算法在分组投递率和端到端时延方面性能更好。     

DTN中基于位置信息的喷射路由算法

针对容延容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks,DTN)不包含持续端到端连接、高传输时延及节点资源受限的特点,提出一种新的基于位置信息的喷射路由算法.该算法通过与GPRS网络结合形成平行网络结构,将GPRS作为DTN的一个通信频道以辅助路由,利用通信频道中已知的节点位置信息弥补DTN缺乏网络拓扑知识的不足,根据节点接触时的相遇角度调整Spray策略,减少无效信息副本的产生,Spray阶段完成后根据当前节点、目标节点及目的节点的位置和速度信息进行单副本路由,从而使传输过程中的信息路由具有方向性和目的性,减少对网络资源的消耗,降低传输时延并提高传输率.仿真结果表明本文所提出的算法是有效可行的,综合性能优于典型DTN路由算法Spray and wait和MaxProp.     

DTN中基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法

针对容迟容断网络(Delay/Disruption Tolerant Networks,DTN)在遇到路由空洞问题时缺乏有效回避路由空洞区域的方法,导致信息端到端传输时延较大的问题,提出一种基于两跳ACK确认机制的备用副本转发算法。消息在空洞区域无法传播时由上一跳节点寻找其他符合条件的节点,另辟路径转发消息,从而避开路由空洞区域。仿真实验结果表明,该算法在递交率、平均时延和网络开销方面表现优于Spray and Wait等对比算法,在车载自组网中具有很强的应用性。     

机会网络中基于社区的高效消息传输算法

针对机会社会网络中现有基于社区的消息传输算法(OSNCMTS)在社区内存在节点积压消息分发任务、在社区间存在盲目选择活跃节点转发信息的问题,提出一种基于社区的高效机会网络路由算法(HECMTS)。在HECMTS算法中,首先,采用极值优先(EO)算法划分社区并将划分的社区矩阵分发给社区节点;其次,采用社区矩阵和消息到目的节点成功率相结合的方法分配社区内消息副本数;最后,利用活跃节点往返不同社区的机会收集活跃节点信息,然后查询这些活跃节点信息从中选取合适的活跃节点完成社区间消息传输。仿真结果表明,与OSNCMTS算法相比,HECMTS算法在路由开销性能和平均端到端时延性能上分别至少下降了19%和16%。     

基于接收阈值的容延网络拥塞控制机制

为了减少容延网络的资源开销,研究者提出了单副本转发路由算法.研究发现,这些转发算法导致节点流量负载极度不均衡,使得那些连接度较大的节点产生了拥塞.针对该问题,提出了一种基于接收阈值的拥塞控制机制,可以有效降低节点拥塞.该机制使每个DTN(delay tolerant network)节点根据自身的拥塞状况动态调整自己的拥塞控制机制,而且该机制独立于节点所运行的转发路由算法,不影响路由算法对中继节点的选择,具有很好的普适性.为了验证所提出机制的有效性,将该拥塞控制机制与现有的SimBet路由算法加以结合,提出了具有拥塞控制功能的SimBetCC算法.实验结果表明,SimBetCC算法在取得很好的拥塞控制的前提下,其递交率和递交时延等性能方面均优于具有拥塞控制功能的FairRoute路由算法.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.