Nonlinear fractional field equations

In this paper, we establish the existence of ground state solutions and bound state solutions for fractional field equations

(0.1)     

On electromagnetic field in fractional space

Laplacian equation in fractional space describes complex phenomena of physics. With this view, potential of charge distribution in fractional space is derived using Gegenbauer polynomials. Multipoles and magnetic field of charges in fractional space have been obtained.     

The stochastic wave equation with fractional noise: A random field approach

We consider the linear stochastic wave equation with spatially homogeneous Gaussian noise, which is fractional in time with index H>1/2$H>1/2$. We show that the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the solution is a relaxation of the condition obtained in Dalang (1999) [10], where the noise is white in time. Under this condition, we show that the solution is L²(Ω)$L^2\left(\Omega \right)$-continuous. Similar results are obtained for the heat equation. Unlike in the white noise case, the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of the solution in the case of the heat equation is different (and more general) than the one obtained for the wave equation.     

A mean field equation as limit of nonlinear diffusions with fractional Laplacian operators

In the limit of a nonlinear diffusion model involving the fractional Laplacian we get a “mean field” equation arising in superconductivity and superfluidity. For this equation, we obtain uniqueness, universal bounds and regularity results. We also show that solutions with finite second moment and radial solutions admit an asymptotic large time limiting profile which is a special self-similar solution: the “elementary vortex patch”.     

Finite temperature field theory

Book Reviews

Finite temperature field theoryJoseph I. Kapusta: Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1989, US $59.50, 219 pp     

A time fractional functional differential equation driven by the fractional Brownian motion

Let $B^H$ be a fractional Brownian motion with Hurst index $H>\frac12$. In this paper, we prove the global existence and uniqueness of the equation $$ \begin{cases} ^CD_t^{\gamma}x(t)=f(x_t)+G(x_t)\frac{d}{dt}B^H(t),\ \ \ \ &t\in(0,T], \x(t)=\eta(t), \ \ \ \ \ &t\in[-r,0], \end{cases} $$ where $\max\{H,2-2H\}<\gamma<1$, $^CD_t^{\gamma}$ is the Caputo derivative, and $x_t\in \mathcal{C}_r=\mathcal{C}([-r,0],\mathbb{R})$ with $x_t(u)=x(t+u),u\in[-r,0]$. We also study the dependence of the solution on the initial condition.     

A new fractional finite volume method for solving the fractional diffusion equation

The inherent heterogeneities of many geophysical systems often gives rise to fast and slow pathways to water and chemical movement. One approach to model solute transport through such media is by fractional diffusion equations with a space–time dependent variable coefficient. In this paper, a two-sided space fractional diffusion model with a space–time dependent variable coefficient and a nonlinear source term subject to zero Dirichlet boundary conditions is considered.Some finite volume methods to solve a fractional differential equation with a constant dispersion coefficient have been proposed. The spatial discretisation employs fractionally-shifted Grünwald formulas to discretise the Riemann–Liouville fractional derivatives at control volume faces in terms of function values at the nodes. However, these finite volume methods have not been extended to two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems in a natural manner. In this paper, a new weighted fractional finite volume method with a nonlocal operator (using nodal basis functions) for solving this two-sided space fractional diffusion equation is proposed. Some numerical results for the Crank–Nicholson fractional finite volume method are given to show the stability, consistency and convergence of our computational approach. This novel simulation technique provides excellent tools for practical problems even when a complex transition zone is involved. This technique can be extend to two-dimensional and three-dimensional problems with complex regions.     

A fractional version of the peano-sard theorem

Sard's classical generalization of the Peano kernel theorem provides an extremely useful method for expressing and calculating sharp bounds for approximation errors. The error is expressed in terms of a derivative of the underlying function. However, we can apply the theorem only if the approximation is exact on a certain set of polynomials.

In this paper, we extend the Peano-Sard theorem to the case that the approximation is exact for a class of generalized polynomials (with non-integer exponents). As a result, we obtain an expression for the remainder in terms of a fractional derivative of the function under consideration. This expression permits us to give sharp error bounds as in the classical situation. An application of our results to the classical functional (vanishing on polynomials) gives error bounds of a new type involving weighted Sobolev-type spaces. In this way, we may state estimates for functions with weaker smoothness properties than usual.

The standard version of the Peano-Sard theory is contained in our results as a special case.     

A curve tracing algorithm for computing the pseudospectrum

The boundary curve of the pseudospectrum of a matrix is defined as a contour line of its resolvent norm. A rather simple and efficient continuation method is presented, which determines the implicitly given curve by a prediction-correction scheme, where the correction step is accomplished by one single Newton step. Besides its efficiency the algorithm turns out to be very accurate as long as the boundary of the pseudospectrum is a smooth curve. Problems may arise at bifurcation points where the resolvent norm is not differentiable.This work was partially supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

A note on fractional derivatives and fractional powers of operators

Definitions of fractional derivatives and fractional powers of positive operators are considered. The connection of fractional derivatives with fractional powers of positive operators is presented. The formula for fractional difference derivative is obtained.     

A non-linear thermo-viscoelastic rheological model based on fractional derivatives for high temperature creep in concrete

In this paper, a novel non-linear thermo-viscoelastic rheological model based on fractional derivatives for high temperature creep in concrete is proposed. The rheological model consists of a linear springpot unit placed in series with a second springpot used for non-linear creep which activates under high stress and temperature. The model parameters which include the dynamic viscosities of the springpots and the fractional exponent are calibrated using existing experimental data of basic creep strain in concrete under constant stress and temperatures for various aggregate types. The power law form of the naturally resulting creep compliance allows an accurate representation of experimental data with the use of only a few model parameters. Furthermore, the variable-order fractional differential stress-strain equation provides a compact method for analytical and numerical modelling of basic creep under conditions of time-varying stress and temperature. In addition, applications of the proposed model to determine axial deformations in columns and transverse deflections in beams under constant and varying temperatures are demonstrated.     

A fractional q-derivative operator and fractional extensions of some q-orthogonal polynomials

The Ramanujan Journal - A fractional q-derivative operator is introduced and some of its properties have been proved. Next, a fractional q-differential equation of Gauss type is introduced and...     

A fractional characteristic method for solving fractional partial differential equations

The method of characteristics has played a very important role in mathematical physics. Previously, it has been employed to solve the initial value problem for partial differential equations of first order. In this work, we propose a new fractional characteristic method and use it to solve some fractional partial differential equations.     

Evidences of the fractional kinetics in temperature region: Evolution of extreme points in ibuprofen

Based on a new approach presented in detail in this paper one can find new evidences of existence of the fractional kinetics not only in the frequency range. One can find rather general principles of detection of different collective motions in temperature region. These principles can be expressed in terms of an algorithm (defined in the paper as an approach). This approach includes some steps that help to separate a couple of the neighboring collective motions (expressed in the frequency range as a linear combination of two power-law exponents) from each other and establish the temperature evolution of the extreme point that follows to the generalized Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman (VFT)-equation. This experimentally confirmed fact gives new evidences for supporting of the theory of dielectric relaxation based on the fractional kinetics on the frequency/temperature domain. As an example for verification of this new approach the ibuprofen complex permittivity data measured in the wide frequency/temperature range were chosen. The reason of such selection was the following. It helps to compare the conventional study of this complex substance recently published in [1] and use possibilities of the developed approach that can add some new features to the picture obtained in the frame of the conventional treatment. We suppose that possibilities presented by new approach will be extremely useful for detection of different collective motions in other substances studied by the method of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS).     

Theoretical analysis of the velocity field, stress field and vortex sheet of generalized second order fluid with fractional anomalous diffusion

The velocity field of generalized second order fluid with fractional anomalous diiusion caused by a plate moving impulsively in its own plane is investigated and the anomalous diffusion problems of the stress field and vortex sheet caused by this process are studied. Many previous and classical results can be considered as particular cases of this paper, such as the solutions of the fractional diffusion equations obtained by Wyss; the classical Rayleigh’s time-space similarity solution; the relationship between stress field and velocity field obtained by Bagley and co-worker and Podlubny’s results on the fractional motion equation of a plate. In addition, a lot of significant results also are obtained. For example, the necessary condition for causing the vortex sheet is that the time fractional diffusion index β must be greater than that of generalized second order fluid α; the establiihment of the vorticity distribution function depends on the time history of the velocity profile at a given point, and the time history can be described by the fractional calculus.     

Numerical evaluation of the temperature field of steady-state rolling tires

Rubber is the main component of pneumatic tires. The tire heating is caused by the hysteresis effects due to the deformation of the rubber during operation. Tire temperatures can depend on many factors, including tire geometry, inflation pressure, vehicle load and speed, road type and temperature and environmental conditions. The focus of this study is to develop a finite element approach to computationally evaluate the temperature field of a steady-state rolling tire. For simplicity, the tire is assumed to be composed of rubber and body-ply. The nonlinear mechanical behavior of the rubber is characterized by a Mooney–Rivlin model while the body-ply is assumed to be linear elastic material. The coupled effects of the inflation pressure and vehicle loading are investigated. The influences of body-ply stiffness are studied as well. The simulation results show that loading is the main factor to determine the temperature field. The stiffer body-ply causes less deformation of rubber and consequently decreases the temperature.     

A new fractional derivative for solving time fractional diffusion wave equation

The time fractional diffusion wave equation, which can be used to describe wave diffusion process in this article, was studied. First of all, the diffusion wave equation can be extended to a generalized form in the sense of the regularized version of the $k$-Hilfer–Prabhakar ( $k$-H-P) fractional operator involving the $k$-Mittag- function. Then, the analytical solution can be obtained for this considered equation by using the Laplace transform method and the Fourier transform method. As a result, a novel and general solution have been found. The unconventional solution may show new result and phenomenon to wave diffusion process. Thereby, this research provides a window for discovering new diffusion mechanisms.     

A note on fractional electrodynamics

We investigate the time evolution of the fractional electromagnetic waves by using the time fractional Maxwell’s equations. We show that electromagnetic plane wave has amplitude which exhibits an algebraic decay, at asymptotically large times.     

A critique of fractional age assumptions

Published mortality tables are usually calibrated to show the survival function of the age at death distribution at exact integer ages. Actuaries make fractional age assumptions when valuing payments that are not restricted to integer ages. A fractional age assumption is essentially an interpolation between integer age values which are accepted as given.Three fractional age assumptions have been widely used by actuaries. These are the uniform distribution of death (UDD) assumption, the constant force assumption and the hyperbolic or Balducci assumption. Under all three assumptions, the interpolated values of the survival function between two consecutive ages depend only on the survival function at those ages. While this has the advantage of simplicity, all three assumptions result in force of mortality and probability density functions with implausible discontinuities at integer ages.In this paper, we examine some families of fractional age assumptions that can be used to correct this problem. To help in choosing specific fractional age assumptions and in comparing different sets of assumptions, we present an optimality criterion based on the length of the probability density function over the range of the mortality table.     

A fractional porous medium equation

We develop a theory of existence, uniqueness and regularity for the following porous medium equation with fractional diffusion, with m>m_?=(N−1)/N, N?1 and f∈L¹(RN). An L¹-contraction semigroup is constructed and the continuous dependence on data and exponent is established. Nonnegative solutions are proved to be continuous and strictly positive for all x∈RN, t>0.