带状疱疹性神经痛病人焦虑抑郁状况调查及皮质醇激素水平变化相关性分析

<正>带状疱疹(herpes zoster, HZ)是由于人感染水痘带状疱疹病毒(vricell zoster virus, VZV)之后,病毒潜伏于神经系统,当病毒再次被激活,便会对神经造成损伤,并引起强烈痛感的皮疹~([1]),若早期干预不及时,可出现带状疱疹性神经痛(zoster-related neuralgia, ZRN)。ZRN是指带状疱疹病人在出疱疹     

短时程脊髓电刺激对不同病程带状疱疹性神经痛的疗效分析

目的:观察短时程脊髓电刺激(temporary spinal cCord sStimulation, tSCS)对不同病程带状疱疹性神经痛(zoster-related neuralgia, ZRN)的长期疗效。方法:本文采用回顾性分析纳入99例ZRN病人,包括42例急性疱疹性神经痛(acute herpetic neuralgia, AHN)病人,34例亚急性疱疹性神经痛(subacute herpetic neuralgia, SHN)病人以及23例疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia, PHN)病人在保守治疗无效后接受1～2周t SCS治疗,对术前及术后1、3、6和12月等各时间段病人的疼痛程度、睡眠质量、镇痛药物使用情况进行汇总分析。结果:所有病人在t SCS治疗后VAS和PSQI均有明显下降(P <0.001)。然而AHN组和SHN组的两项评分比PHN组下降得更明显(P<0.001)。其中AHN组下降最明显。SHN和PHN组的VAS和PSQI在术后1个月有评分反弹现象。t SCS治疗后三组病人的镇痛药物使用人数均下降。AHN组的下降趋势最明显,随访3、6及12个月后AHN组中仍遗留疼痛的人数比例最少。本研究中未见严重不良反应。结论:tSCS是一种治疗早期顽固性ZRN非常安全有效的微创技术。与PHN相比,tSCS治疗AHN和SHN时效果更佳。     

神经阻滞治疗老年带状疱疹后遗神经痛及其对免疫功能的影响

临床上认为带状疱疹的皮疹消退以后,其局部皮肤仍有疼痛不适,且持续1个月以上者称为带状疱疹后遗神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia,PHN)。据报导,带状疱疹发病率为人群的1.4‰～4.8‰之间,约有20%的患者遗留有神经痛。带状疱疹患者发展成PHN(带状疱疹后神经痛)的比例是随着患者的年     

迪赛片配合红光治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛78例

带状疱疹(herpes zoster)是由水痘-带状疱疹病毒感染引起的一种以沿周围神经分布的群集疱疹和神经痛为特征的病毒性皮肤病。大约有30%~50%的中老年患者于皮损消失后可遗留顽固性神经痛-带状疱疹后遗神经痛(postherpes neuralgia,PHN),给患者带来很大的痛苦。治疗后遗神经痛,临床上大多给予解热镇痛药及安定剂,但这些药物均存在明显的或潜在性的副反应,而且治疗效果也不够稳定。笔者于2003年2月至2005年4月期间门诊采用口服迪赛片(胸腺肽肠溶片)配合红光照射治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛,取得较好疗效,报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料78例患者中…     

氦-氖激光联合微波治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛的疗效观察

带状疱疹后遗神经痛(post-herpetic neuralgia,PHN)是指在疱疹皮损治愈4～6周后,在原受累神经支配区域仍存在的疼痛,多呈阵发性针刺样,可持续数月至数年.临床治疗十分棘手,常规药物治疗的疗程长、疗效欠佳且不良反应较大.2008年5月至2010年10月,我们采用氦-氖激光联合微波治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛68例,疗效满意.现报道如下.     

三氧联合消炎镇痛液椎旁阻滞治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛疗效观察

带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia PHN)是临床较常见的疾病,带状疱疹患者中约有10％并发PHN,而60岁以上老年患者PHN发生率更高.近年来我科采用三氧联合消炎镇痛液椎旁阻滞治疗带状疱疹后神经痛,以视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale VAS)和神经症状改善情况对其疗效进行综合评估,并与单用消炎镇痛液椎旁阻滞疗法比较,总结如下.     

带状疱疹早期应用糖皮质激素的治疗意义

带状疱疹是皮肤科常见疾病,临床治愈后可能遗留持续性疼痛,即带状疱疹后遗神经痛(post herpetic neuralgia,PHN),给病人带来很大痛苦,因此早期治疗得当对预防PHN很重要.2006年1月～2007年10月我们早期应用糖皮质激素治疗带状疱疹,疗效满意,有效预防了PHN.现报告如下.     

针刀治疗带状疱疹后神经痛疗效观察与分析

<正>带状疱疹可引起多种并发症,以带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia,PHN)最常见,带状疱疹后神经痛是水痘带状疱疹病毒感染后累及周围神经导致的一种神经病理性疼痛综合征[1]可持续数月到数年。中老年病人中34%的带状疱疹病人可发生带状疱疹后神经痛,其中60岁以上病人中70%可以     

臭氧联合得宝松神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹后遗神经痛

带状疱疹后遗神经痛(Postherpetic neuralgia,PHN)是指急性带状疱疹愈合自然病程结束后仍存在的后遗性皮肤疼痛.我科采用臭氧联合得宝松神经阻滞治疗PHN取得了较好疗效,现报告如下.     

神经阻滞疗法治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的研究进展

带状疱疹后神经痛(postherpetic neuralgia,PHN)是带状疱疹最常见的并发症,以顽固性慢性疼痛为特征。PHN在老年人及免疫力低下者多发,年龄是PHN的风险因素。PHN严重影响病人的日常工作和生活。因其发病机制目前不十分明确,故临床治疗困难,目前很多可供选择的治疗方法均为缓解病人的疼痛症状。其中神经阻滞疗法对于治疗PHN具有独特的疗效和优势,值得临床普遍应用和推广。本文就神经阻滞治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的方法进行归纳,旨在为临床工作提供参考。     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.     

Evidence-Based Pain Management and Palliative Care in Issue Four for 2009 of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly. Issue 4 for 2009 contains 4027 complete reviews, 1906 protocols for reviews in production, and 11447 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 600,000 randomized controlled trials, and 12,200 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 7500 citations. This edition of the Library contains 90 new reviews, of which 19 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella species isolated from children with moderate to severe diarrhea in northeastern Brazil

Molecular characterization of virulence and antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined for Shigella species isolated from children with diarrhea in Fortaleza, Brazil. Fecal specimens were collected along with socioeconomic and clinical data from children with moderate to severe diarrhea requiring emergency care. Shigella spp. were isolated by standard microbiological techniques, and we developed 4 multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays to detect 16 virulence-related genes (VRGs). Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using disk diffusion assays. S. flexneri and S. sonnei were the predominant serogroups. S. flexneri was associated with low monthly incomes; more severe disease; higher number of VRGs; and presence of pic, set, and sepA genes. The SepA gene was associated with more intense abdominal pain. S. flexneri was correlated with resistance to ampicillin and chloramphenicol, whereas S. sonnei was associated with resistance to azithromycin. Strains harboring higher numbers of VRGs were associated with resistance to more antimicrobials. We highlight the correlation between presence of S. flexneri and sepA, and increased virulence and suggest a link to socioeconomic change in northeastern Brazil. Additionally, antimicrobial resistance was associated with serogroup specificity in Shigella spp. and increased bacterial VRGs.     

护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响分析

目的研究护理干预对面部中重度寻常型痤疮的临床疗效影响。方法选取本院在2014年4月~2016年7月诊治的136例面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者,随机分为研究组与对照组,每组68例;所有患者均依据其情况给予对应的治疗,其中对照组在治疗期间给予常规护理,研究组在对照组的基础上再给予综合性护理干预,比较两组的治疗效果及护理满意度情况等。结果患者在接受治疗和护理后,研究组中度与重度患者的治疗效果较对照组均明显提高(P0.05),研究组护理满意度较对照组明显增高(P0.05)。结论对面部中重度寻常型痤疮患者在其治疗期间给予综合性护理干预,具有良好的效果。