雨衰减预测中的降雨率调整因子概念

利用ITU-R数据库地面视距链路和地空链路雨衰减数据,分析了传统雨衰减预报中所使用的基于柱状雨胞模型的雨衰减物理模型导出的路径调整因子与实测数据之间的矛盾.在此基础上,基于指数雨胞建立的雨衰减物理模型,通过理论分析导出了降雨率调整因子的概念.利用降雨率调整因子,可以解释实测数据的主要特征,表明:基于指数雨胞的雨衰减物理模型是合理的,利用降雨率调整因子的概念,可为发展新的地面视距链路和地空链路雨衰减预报模式和方法提供理论依据.     

基于灰色系统理论的雨衰减短期预报方法研究

雨衰减对10GHz以上频段的无线通信有很大的影响,在使用卫星通信系统时必须采取合理的策略以补偿降雨造成的衰减。为了给星地链路的自适应功率控制技术提供保障,首次将灰色系统理论应用在雨衰减短期预报中,分析给出了选择灰色系统模型和参数的原则。最后选取海口站Ka 频段地空链路的实测数据进行了验证,利用获得的雨衰减数据对未来间隔1s 和5s 的时刻进行预测,结果表明,基于灰色系统的雨衰减预测和实测数据吻合较好。     

基于数值天气预报预测电波雨衰的关键问题分析

随着Ka频段卫星通信产品的推广应用,降雨衰减在卫星通信系统中的影响越来越大。经典雨衰预测方法利用年固定时间百分比降雨率数据计算,在卫星通信系统设计中发挥了重要作用,但并不能用于天气对全网各节点的影响分析。随着气象科技的不断进步,小时降水量预报不断精细,使得在特定通信保障任务中评估预测各节点雨衰值成为可能。在充分介绍了经典雨衰模型ITU-R和数值天气预报的基础上,从降雨率换算、降雨率平均化、雨顶高度判定三个角度出发,提出了构建基于降水预报数据雨衰预报模型的关键问题,并指出了相关改进方法。     

广州地区33．5GHz和93GHz降雨传播特性测量

本文给出了１９９２年７—９月份广州地区Ｏ．４ｋｍ地面电路３３．５ＧＨｚ和９３ＧＨｚ雨衰减测量结果及雨衰减和降雨率短期统计结果之间的关系，并利用这一结果和长期降雨率统计对雨衰减预报作了初步探讨。同时分析了３３．５ＧＨＺ和９３ＧＨＺ雨衰减频率换算关系。文中还导出了雨致交叉极化鉴别度（ＸＰＤ）与实测差分衰减和差分相移之间的理论关系。在８ｍｍ波段可忽略差分相移的情况下，给出了利用３３．５ＧＨｚ部分实测差分衰减计算的ＸＰＤ结果，并与理论模式预测值作了比较。     

中国Ku波段广播通信卫星雨衰减分布

雨衰减对于１０ＧＨｚ以上无线电系统的影响是极为严重的。本文根据我国６５个站点的分钟降雨率数据，利用ＩＴＵ－Ｒ最新给出的雨衰减预报模式，计算出我国未来１２ＧＨｚ三个轨道     

基于数值天气预报模式的机载气象雷达降雨目标极化特性仿真

带有极化信息的气象目标仿真是双极化多普勒天气雷达的理论研究和设计应用的基础。目前, 机载双极化气象雷达的理论研究正处于发展阶段, 为了给机载双极化气象雷达的技术研究提供数据来源, 该文提出了一种基于数值天气预报模式的机载气象雷达降雨目标极化特性仿真方法。该方法利用数值天气预报模式获得温度、粒子浓度、混合比等降雨目标的气象参数, 从而实现气象场景的建模与仿真。在分析降雨目标微物理特性的基础上, 计算降雨目标的电磁散射矩阵, 从而实现降雨目标的极化特性仿真。不同微物理特性参数下的仿真结果表明:该方法可实现降雨目标的气象建模, 与实测数据的对比分析可知, 该方法的双极化仿真结果有效、可靠。      

卫星广播通信中的雨衰减研究及抗衰落策略

本文介绍了影响I0GHz以上频段卫星广播通信系统面临的主要电波传播问题,重点介绍了无线电气象、雨衰减统计预报、雨衰减动态特性等方面的研究进展.基于我国统计数据建立的电波环境数字地图是进行可靠电波传播效应预测的基础,新提出的雨衰减统计预报模式具有更高的预测精度,基于我国站点实测数据建立的衰落斜率预报模型更能符合我国区域的电波传播特性.文章对当前主要的抗衰落策略进行了介绍和对比.在高频段卫星广播通信系统中更合理的利用电波传播研究成果,采用合理的抗衰落策略,可以优化系统设计和资源配置、提高系统性能.     

Ka频段地空路径雨衰及频率比例因子

利用中国国内58个典型站点的参数.根据ITU-R地空路径雨衰预报模型,计算出58个站点地空路径上Ka频段的降雨衰减以及不同频率的衰减值之比,通过数值计算方法拟合得到Ka频段频率比例因子的表达式.本文得到的频率比例因子的计算结果优于ITU-R所推荐的频率比例因子的计算结果.     

基于雨胞分布的视距链路雨衰减预报模型

基于指数雨胞分布,推导得到路径调整因子,提出了一种新的视距链路雨衰减预报模型.利用ITU-R视距链路雨衰减数据库数据回归得到了预报模型中的参数.通过和ITU-R模型以及近几年发展的几种雨衰减模型比较表明,这一模型较其他模型具有更好的预测精度.     

我刊论文成果形成国际标准

《电波科学学报》2006年第5期发表的"视距链路的雨衰减预报模式研究"一文中提出的地面视距雨衰减预报模式,已被国际电信联盟采纳,替代了国际标准ITU-R P.530-13建议中的地面视距雨衰减预报模式     

Time series predictor of Ku band rain attenuation over an Earth–space path at a tropical location

A channel model is proposed to predict the time series of Ku band rain attenuation during a rain event at a tropical location. The model is based on considering the Gaussian distribution of the conditional occurrence of rain attenuation with a particular value of the attenuation occurring before. The mean (μ) and standard deviation (σ) for the distribution are modeled with the experimental data. The measured attenuation at a particular time instant is used to obtain μ and σ and to predict the attenuation after certain interval. The channel model has tested well giving the predicted attenuation that agrees with the measured value with a mean error within 15% higher than 1 dB. Validity of the model is also tested with the first‐order and second‐order statistics of attenuation occurrence, on a long‐term basis. The method can also be applied even if attenuation measurements are missing for certain period of time with increased error. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A rain attenuation model for satellite link attenuation predictions incorporating the spatial inhomogeneity of rainrate

A model describing the spatial inhomogeneity of rainrate within a rain cell is derived and incorporated into a specific attenuation model to yield a more exact relationship than has been used heretofore relating rainrate and the attendant attenuation at frequencies above 10 GHz. The resulting unified attenuation model relates terrestrial and slant path attenuation, effective propagation distance and path diversity gain to parameters characterizing the earth-station or stations (e.g. location, height, latitude, elevation angle and baseline distance from another station), the frequency of operation, and the two possible raintypes admitted into the model (i.e. convective rain and residual or debris rain). The model is particularly suited for the theoretical investigation of path diversity gain since this concept owes its existence to spatial inhomogeneity of rainrate. This inhomogeneous rain attenuation model can be interfaced with an appropriate statistical rainrate prediction model, such as the Crane two-component model, to yield more precise attenuation predictions.     

Ka 波段卫星通信雨衰问题的研究

介绍了影响雨衰的要素以及常用的雨衰预测模型---IT U-R模型,通过IT U-R雨衰预测模型,以扬州地区为例计算了雨衰大小,并通过M atlab进行仿真,分析了海拔高度、卫星纬度以及信号频率对卫星通信系统的降雨衰减特性的影响。     

Time series prediction of rain attenuation from rain rate measurement using synthetic storm technique for a tropical location

A comparison of measured attenuation series with the attenuation series obtained from rain rate measurement by using synthetic storm technique is made for Ku band signal at a tropical location. Validity of the model is tested for the long-term statistics in terms of the cumulative distribution of attenuation occurrence and fade duration. Applicability of the model is also shown to be valid event-wise. It has been demonstrated that the long term statistics of predicted rain attenuation are insensitive to storm translation speed. No significant differences are found when cumulative distributions of predicted attenuation values are compared for different data sampling intervals. It has been observed that there exists a good correlation between the predicted and measured values of attenuation for at least 80% of the events.     

Rain Attenuation at 10-30 GHz Along Earth-Space Paths: Elevation Angle, Frequency, Seasonal, and Diurnal Effects

Three experimental programs at Bell Laboratories, Crawford Hill, NJ, have collected rain attenuation data at three frequencies in the 10-30 GHz range for over 2 years. As expected from a simple geometrical model, rain attenuation statistics scale approximately as the cosecant of the path elevation angle. Thus, greater attenuation is encountered on lower elevation angle paths. The increased rain attenuation at higher frequencies is illustrated by comparing cumulative rain attenuation distributions at three widely separated frequencies. Typical year-to-year variations in these distributions are presented. Periods of severe rain attenuation are shown to occur more frequently during the summer months and during the afternoon hours. Cumulative attenuation distributions are compared for these and other time periods.     

The Prediction of Rain-Induced Attenuation in MM Wave Band by Rain Medium System Model

While the millimeter radio wave propagates through rainfall, it will be attenuated heavily due to assimilation and scattering of rain. It is imperative to establish a simple and effective model to predict the rain-induced attenuation. In this paper, the rainfall is taken as a random system that can attenuate the radio wave. The transfer function matrix model is selected to be the random system model. Using experiment rain attenuation data at different rain rate, the correlation entropy and residue error of the system is obtained by system identification method. On the basis of correlation entropy and residue error, we can determine the order of the predication system. At last, the predication model that can forecast heavy rain attenuation by small rain attenuation is gotten by applying the least square method. The comparison shows that the discrepancy between the predication result of the obtained model and the experiment rain attenuation data is relatively minor.     

Analytical models for cross-polarization on earth-space radio paths for frequency range 9–30 GHz

Depolarization and attenuation of radiowaves along earth-space paths due to rain storms are characterised. Frequency-dependent expressions for specific attenuation and phase shift at (PC and 20°C and for Laws-Parsons raindrop size distribution are given. Using small amplitude and phase approximations, a simple relation for cross-polar discrimination due to rain in terms of co-polar attenuation, frequency, angle of elevation and polarization angle is derived. Expressions for depolarization due to ice crystals are given, treating them as Rayleigh scatterers of spheroidal shape. For both rain and ice the relationship between linear and circular crosspolar ratio can be shown to be simply sin 2 θ, where θ is the polarization angle.     

On the Space-Time Variations of Rain Attenuation

Rain attenuation shows a considerable temporal and spatial variability. To simulate fade mitigation techniques such as route diversity, a space-time channel model which accounts for the spatial and temporal variation of rain attenuation is needed. In this paper we investigate the space-time correlation of rain attenuation utilizing 42 GHz star-like network measurements. By combining the spatial and temporal correlation properties of rain attenuation, a simulation model for generating multiple correlated rain attenuation time series based on the Maseng–Bakken model is developed. The model is validated by comparing the statistical and angular diversity properties of the model with those of measurements and theoretical diversity gain models. Furthermore, parameters for the Maseng–Bakken dynamic rain attenuation model were extracted from the star-like network measurements. In addition, using a systematic multivariable technique a model for the parameter $beta _{s}$ which controls the dynamics of rain attenuation in the Maseng–Bakken model was developed. Moreover, using available rain attenuation measurements the advantage of route diversity with selection combining is investigated.      

Adjacent Satellite Interference Effects on the Outage Performance of a Dual Polarized Triple Site Diversity Scheme

The design of reliable, modern satellite communication networks, in which both frequency and orbital congestion are increasing, requires modeling of interference effects. The dominant sources of aggravation of nominal interference due to propagation phenomena are assumed to be differential rain attenuation from an adjacent satellite communication network operating at the same frequency and cross polarization due to rain and ice-crystals. A physical methodology to predict the statistics of the carrier-to-noise-plus-total-interference (CNIDR), which has already been applied to single and double-site systems, is extended to include triple-site diversity reception schemes. This method is based on a model of convective raincells model and the lognormal assumption for both the point rainfall statistics and slant path rain attenuation. The statistical properties of spatial inhomogeneity of rain attenuation over six satellite slant paths is firstly here presented. A set of simple, approximate formulas are presented which follow from a regression analysis on the previous theoretical results. The results serve to examine the influence of various parameters upon the total availability performance.