基于BP网络的机器人多传感器手爪特征级数据融合

机器人手爪上装有多种传感器。为了保证手爪能完全、可靠地抓取工件，必须对这些传感器的数据进行融合。本文介绍了手爪上传感器的配置情况，进行手爪抓取工件实验，将BP神经元网络应用于传感器的特征级融合，得到手爪抓取工件的准确信息。     

使用MRC机器人抓取爪棘去毛刺的自动装夹装置设计

主要根据装夹工件的具体要求,选择合适的气爪。根据MRC机器人手爪的外形尺寸,设计机器人手爪和气爪之间的连接板,并完成了装夹工件的装置设计。     

一种机器人计算避开干涉拾取位置的方法

介绍了一种机器人对料框中散堆工件计算拾取位置的方法。通过对机器人手爪和料框的建模,可以判断在拾取工件时,机器人手爪和料框壁是否存在干涉。如果干涉,那么机器人将根据搜索策略获得一个不存在干涉的拾取位置,从而提高散堆取件拾取的成功率。     

适用于连杆锻造自动化生产线的浮动手爪

介绍了一种基于连杆锻造自动化生产线的柔性与刚性可切换手爪,重点介绍了手爪的结构、组成、特点及应用。利用该浮动手爪实现了机器人抓住工件不松开直接对工件进行拍扁,然后再送到预锻工位,提高了生产线的工作效率。     

汽车变速箱壳体零件自动化生产线

该项目针对多品种变速箱壳体大批量加工的生产需求,按照工序划分为多个自动化单元,并设计了夹具和手爪放置库,利用关节机器人实现不同品种壳体夹具和手爪的一键换型。介绍了机器人上下料单元的设计,工序间工件的转运存储,工件的抽检与返回,全自动品种换型的实现方式;自动单元结构紧凑,以最小的占地面积满足最大化的生产需求。     

针对喷油嘴磨床加工的自适应柔性精定位的机器人手爪设计

为了确保喷油嘴工件能够被准确无误的放置到磨床,需要设计自适应柔性精定位新型手爪。根据喷油嘴头部受力的大小和方向,不断的调整工件进入姿态,旋转进入,减少对工件外圆的损伤,从而确保工件最终能够放置到位。此外,根据手爪结构进行控制和保护功能设计,最终实现了机器人稳定可靠的上下料。     

机器人柔性抛光机床的研究

为满足机器人柔性抛光系统和抛光工艺要求,在抛光加工过程中,机器人柔性抛光机床的抛光轮轮径检测机构可使抛光轮与工件接触点的位置和线速度始终保持不变,这样抛光轮与工件接触点的线速度以及机器人的抛光路径不会随抛光轮的磨损而改变.该机器人柔性抛光机床还具有抛光力控制功能,可控制抛光轮与工件之间的抛光力保持恒定或小于阈值抛光力.     

简易气动手爪夹具的制作

结合使用工业机器人及数控车床在加工不同工件的过程中所产生的实际应用问题，提出了一种简易气动手爪夹具的设计制作思路。     

运用Matlab的排爆机器人手爪优化设计

讨论一种排爆机器人手爪的设计方法,该手爪采用普通圆柱蜗轮蜗杆机构传动。为减小手爪自重,以手爪传动机构体积最小为目标函数,以强度、几何参数等要求为约束条件,建立相应的数学模型,以Matlab为求解平台进行优化设计,给出操作步骤,并求得最优化尺寸,在保证手爪功能的前提下,减轻手爪的自重,达到优化的目的。     

空间机器人手爪自动更换装置的研制

为了满足空间机器人对不同手爪的更换要求,研制出手爪的自动更换装置.该装置基于多种传感器,对机械手臂末端的位置、姿态以及对接时的工作状态进行实时检测,使机器人获取足够的信息主动进行调整,从而保证整个更换过程的顺利进行;同时,装置结构简单、体积小、刚度好,感知能力和环境适应能力强,智能化程度高,可以根据需要使机器人自动更换需要的手爪.     

Stiffness improvement of swirl gripper based on gap height and force estimation

The swirl gripper is an electrically activated noncontact handling device that uses swirling airflow to generate a lifting force. This force can be used to pick up a workpiece placed underneath the swirl gripper without any contact. It is applicable, for example, on a semiconductor wafer production line, where contact must be avoided during the handling and moving of a workpiece to minimize damage. When a workpiece levitates underneath a swirl gripper, the gap height between them is critical for safe handling. Therefore, in this study, we develop a theoretical model of the swirl gripper, based on which a method to estimate the levitation gap height by detecting pressure at two points is proposed. Experiments indicate that the estimated gap height can track changes in actual gap height accurately in real time, when the gap height is relatively small and the inertia of airflow in the gap is negligible. In addition, the force between the gripper and workpiece can also be estimated using the detected pressure. As a result, a desired relationship between the force and gap height can be achieved by adjusting the rotating speed of the fan according to the real-time estimated force and gap height using a microcontroller. The control system was experimentally verified using a desired linear relationship. Because the stiffness of the force decreases with increasing gap height for a constant gripper fan rotating speed, the linear relationship between the force and gap height, which means a constant stiffness, is expected to enhance handling stability of workpieces.     

基于线性不等式方程组解的存在性及其通解的工件可达/可离性分析算法

工件的可达/可离性反映了将工件安装到/脱离出夹具装夹布局的可能性,分析可达/可离性有助于在工件上正确选择装夹表面和装夹点。为此依据工件与装夹元件的实际接触或装配情况,利用泰勒定理提出了工件可达/可离性模型。通过将工件安装到/脱离出装夹布局的可能性等价于可达/可离性模型的解的存在性,借助任意数可表达为两个非负数之差这一数学技巧作为桥梁,将工件可达/可离性模型的解的存在性问题转化为线性规划问题,提出了工件可达/可离性的判断方法。尤其是在判断可达/可离性模型有解的情况下,继而考虑了工件安装到/脱离出装夹布局的方向性。在此基础上,进一步将可达/可离的方向性转化为可达/可离性模型的通解,由此构建了求解线性不等式方程组的Γ-算法。这个“先有解-再求解”的算法仅涉及到装夹元件在工件表面处的位置与单位法矢量信息,不仅适用于形状复杂的工件,而且避免了可达/可离性模型无解情况下依旧求解的局限性,同时也拓展和丰富了自动化夹具设计的理论基础。     

A combined contact elasticity and finite element-based model for contact load and pressure distribution calculation in a frictional workpiece-fixture system

Contact forces between workpiece and fixture define fixture stability during clamping and influence workpiece accuracy during machining. In particular, forces acting in the contact region are important for understanding deformation of the workpiece at the contact region. This paper presents a model that combines contact elasticity with finite element methods to predict the contact load and pressure distribution at the contact region in a workpiece-fixture system. The objective is to determine how much clamp forces can be applied to generate adequate contact forces to keep the workpiece in position during machining. The model is able to predict the normal and tangential contact forces as well as the pressure distribution at each workpiece-fixture contact in the fixturing system. Model prediction is shown to be in good agreement with known industry practice on clamp force determination. The presented method has no limits on the types of materials that can be analyzed.     

Goals of robot gripper mechanics

This paper is devoted to the methods of computation and analysis of equilibrium positions of the object in the robot gripping device, assuming that the contact between the object and gripper is maintained in a finite number of points.Problems of construction of computation models which make it possible to determine the reliability of holding an object in the gripper of an industrial robot in operation are considered.To compute the gripper carrying capacity, the authors developed a procedure involving a system of seven equilibrium equations for the “object-gripper” mechanical system: when the equations are solved, the carrying capacity of the gripper can be estimated and its exhaustive characteristic plotted, which is the area of rigid fixation within the space of acting forces and moments.The results of the present study can be used when developing the robot devices, optimizing their parameters, or estimating the reliability of object holding in auxiliary transfer devices, feeders and positioners (such as spools, dispensers, special holders, etc).     

Quasi-parallel grippers for the concentric handling of cylindrical workpieces

The majority of workpieces found in industry have cylindrical shapes. The design of jaws to enable the concentric handling of these workpieces by grippers with quasi-parallel jaw-closure is investigated. The jaws are given specially-shaped profiles resembling the Greek letter v. The basic equations defining such profiles are given along with an analysis of the geometrical parameters which govern the jaw dimensions. The rules for selecting the parameters to achieve compact jaw designs are enshrined in a computer program which implements these rules. By this means, optimal jaw profiles from specifications of workpiece and gripper dimensions can be determined. Sample computer outputs illustrate the effectiveness of the method.     

旋回流气爪流场特征的数值分析

基于在旋回流气爪腔体内增设绕流柱的设计方案,采用数值方法分析气室内旋回流的形成、发展过程,进一步明确了气爪内部的流场特征、压力分布规律及其吸附原理。数值计算结果表明:增设绕流柱后,可改善气爪内部和被吸附工件表面的压力分布趋势,增加吸附力,提高吸附稳定性;提高供气量,会导致旋回流的流速增加,强度提高,负压程度和吸附力也相应增大。     

基于傅里叶描述子的平面物体表征与抓取规划

针对传统抓取规划方法难以计算复杂轮廓物体、计算量大耗时长的弊端,以及基于深度学习的抓取规划方法物理模型简单、训练集制作耗时长的缺陷,提出了一种基于傅里叶描述子的平面物体表征及抓取规划方法。对物体进行图像采集和轮廓提取,将以散点形式表示的轮廓转化为傅里叶描述子,提取高阶项从而还原物体轮廓,构造了轮廓的参数方程。根据轮廓参数方程和接触点位置,使用不同接触模型构造抓取映射矩阵,采用凸包推进算法计算不同抓取位姿在力 力矩空间上的抓取性能指标。基于抓取性能指标,采用一种改进的粒子群方法进行抓取点规划,在二指夹持器和四指夹持器模型上进行了仿真验证。     

水下夹桩器卡环连接结构接触有限元分析

使用ANSYS软件数值模拟对卡环连接结构的接触问题进行了受力分析,阐述了基于有限元分析的接触模型建立,获得接触部件实际工况下的应力及其变形等结果,满足了工程要求,说明采用非线性有限元法节省了分析计算时间,为卡环式连接结构的优化设计及制造提供了理论依据。     

基于UG和ADAMS的BHG-1夹持器虚拟设计与仿真

采用UG和ADAMS研究了一种新型夹持器机构BHG-1的虚拟设计和仿真方法,运用UG来实现夹持器三维模型的虚拟设计和虚拟装配,将装配体导入ADAMS中,运用ADAMS对夹持器夹持不同形状物体进行运动学和动力学的仿真.通过对夹持器机构的虚拟设计和仿真,不但可以很直观地了解夹持物体的具体过程,还可以通过仿真曲线了解其速度、加速度以及接触力的变化情况,为BHG-1夹持器的控制提供参考数据.     

微尺度缝针自动夹持器的设计

根据角膜缝合手术的特点,并结合微尺度缝针自动夹持器的技术要求,文中对一种自动夹持器的结构进行了设计。通过赫兹理论讨论了两圆柱体间的接触问题,并利用有限元分析方法对夹持器模型进行了分析,取得了缝针在不发生塑性变形条件下,夹持器直线运动关节的极限位移,为夹持器的控制提供了依据。最后进行了夹持器夹持缝针的试验,试验结果验证了这种夹持器的可行性和实用性。