金刚石深孔钻探孔斜问题与纠斜措施

即使用绳索取心钻具钻深孔,在易跑斜地层中仍会造成孔斜.本文从金刚石钻头选型、钻具组合、冲洗液种类的确定和钻进工艺方法等方面,提出了防斜措施.     

阿舍勒铜矿水敏地层防斜纠斜钻进工艺

新疆阿勒泰地区阿舍勒铜矿地层是以凝灰岩、角闪岩为主的典型蚀变性水敏地层,地层倾角较大,岩石各向异性明显,钻进过程中极易造成钻孔偏斜。该矿区坑道钻探施工中缩径、坍塌、掉块卡钻等钻探事故频发,制约了防斜、纠斜钻进工艺的选取,使该矿区钻探施工很难满足快速、经济的地质找矿要求。通过对已施工钻孔水敏地层防斜、纠斜工艺进行研究,提出了一套水敏地层防斜、纠斜等提高钻孔质量的工艺措施。     

水平绳索随钻定向钻进技术研究与应用

水平孔绳索取心钻进时, 钻具回转轴线与自身重力方向不在一条直线上, 地面孔口加压, 受地层软硬或岩层产状作用下, 钻孔轨迹都会发生偏斜, 目前暂无有效办法实现随钻定向纠斜。针对此问题, 开展了小直径水平绳索随钻定向仪器的推送、固定、打捞机构研究, 创新形成一套水平绳索定向钻进器具和定向技术, 并在川藏铁路多吉隧道水平钻孔进行随钻定向纠斜, 成功抑制钻孔上漂趋势, 并降斜3°, 为地质勘查水平绳索取心定向钻进轨迹控制提供支撑。      

SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在新余梅山煤矿易斜深孔防斜钻进中的应用

为了解决江西新余梅山煤矿深孔勘查中存在的孔斜问题,采用绳索取心液动锤钻进为主的防斜工艺,优化钻具结构组合,合理地选择钻进技术参数和措施,在该矿区取得了明显的减斜防斜效果。总结了SYZX系列绳索取心液动锤在江西新余梅山煤矿勘查深孔施工中的防斜经验。     

深孔勘察中强自然造斜地层的防斜纠斜工艺技术措施

在强自然造斜地层的深孔勘察施工中，孔斜问题一直是影响钻孔质量和勘察成果质量的重要因素。以穿越恒山山脉铁路隧道深孔勘察为例，介绍了在自然造斜严重的片麻岩地层中采用有效钻孔防斜措施和螺杆钻具纠斜方法，保证了勘察钻孔的质量。     

中深斜孔绳索取心高强耐磨钻杆的研究与应用

针对中深斜孔钻进中φ60mm绳索取心钻杆机械强度低、耐磨性能差、钻杆拧卸难等问题,采用对绳索取心钻杆整体调质处理的方式．大幅提高了绳索取心钻杆的机械强度;对绳索取心钻杆表面高频淬火,提高了钻杆表面的硬度和耐磨性;采用重型绳索取心带切口接手,初步解决了绳索取心钻杆拧卸问题。采用上述钻杆在中深斜孔钻进中取得了较好的效果。     

定向钻进及随钻测量技术在充填孔施工中的应用

充填钻孔是一种高精度垂直孔,地层促斜、钻孔自然弯曲率较大时,常规钻进方法难以控制钻孔轨迹。在施工中应用定向钻进及随钻测量技术,则可以对钻孔实施全程轨迹监控,使其按照设计轨迹延伸。主要介绍了广西华锡集团股份有限公司铜坑矿将充填站充填孔施工中定向钻进设计、随钻测量、纠斜、侧钻等技术及工艺等。     

初级定向钻进在强造斜地层中的应用

地层的各向异性和软硬不均引起钻孔急剧弯曲，在这类强造斜地层采取回转法钻进，无论采取何种防斜措施，诸如控制孔壁间隙、加强导正、增加刚性等等，其钻孔弯曲度都远远超过“规程”的允许误差。实践证明，使用金刚石钻进、绳索取心钻进并采取防     

SYZX绳索取心液动锤在小秦岭金矿田复杂地层深部钻探中的应用

小秦岭金矿田南、北矿带深部找矿钻探施工中,应用SYZX绳索取心液动锤钻进技术,对深孔钻进采取防斜保直钻进,为钻孔的顺利延伸创造了条件,在硬碎地层中钻进,提高回次进尺,提高小时效率,延长钻头寿命,体现出了液动锤技术的优越性,并对液动锤使用中易出现的问题进行了总结。     

绳索取心与初级定向钻探技术应用实例

某矿区施工区地层钻孔易偏斜，采用绳索取心金刚石满眼钻进，调整开孔倾角和方位角，设计初级定向孔，加密测斜间距等措施，达到了较高岩心采取率、高精度中靶的钻孔目的。介绍了施工难点、钻孔技术要点、钻孔施工方法以及取得的效果。     

The terrestrial fauna of the Late Triassic Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry fissures,South Wales,UK and a new species of Clevosaurus (Lepidosauria: Rhynchocephalia)

Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco.     

The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts

The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H₂O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H₂O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species.     

Quaternary stresses revealed by calcite twinning inversion: insights from observations in the Savonnières underground quarry (eastern France)

Calcite samples were extracted both from the rock matrix and the superficial coating of a karstified fault plane of an underground quarry, located in the eastern border of the Paris basin. The karstification is dated as Quaternary. Analysis of mechanical calcite twinning reveals that only the calcite matrix has also undergone a compression trending WNW that can be attributed to the Mio-Pliocene alpine collision. Both coating and matrix have undergone a strike-slip regime with σ₁ roughly trending north–south, that could correspond to the regional present-day state of stress, a strike-slip compression rather trending NNW, modified by local phenomena. To cite this article: M. Rocher et al., C. R. Geoscience 335 (2003).     

HYDROGEOLOGY

正20141756 Chen Ruige(Mathematical College,China University of Geosciences,Beijing100083,China);Zhou Xun Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Level Fluctuation in a Coastal Confined Aquifer with Sloping Initial Groundwater Level Induced by the Tide(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(7),2013,p.1099-1104,6 illus.,16 refs.) Key words:confined water,groundwater level     

METAMORPHIC PETROLOGY

正20141408 Cai Jia(Institute of Geology,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Beijing100037,China);Liu Fulai Petrogenesis and Metamorphic P-T Conditions of Garnet-Spinel-Biotitebearing Paragneiss in Danangou Area,Daqingshan-Wulashan Metamorphic Complex Belt(Acta Petrologica Sinica,ISSN1000-0569,CN11-1922/P,29(7),     

SERIALS

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GEOPHYSICAL EXPLORATION

正20142386An Guoying(China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Land and Resources,Beijing 100083,China)Application of Satellite Remote Sensing in Regional Hydrogeological Investigation:Taking Cenozoic Strata in Wenquan Sheet(1∶250 000)of Karakoram Range as an Example(Geosci-     

QUATERNARY GEOLOGY & GEOMORPHOLOGY

正20141016An Chengbang(Key Laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China);Zhao Yongtao Lake Records during the Last Glacial Maximum from Xinjiang,NW China and Their Climatic Impli-     

PETROLEUM GEOLOGY

正20141538 Cao Qing(School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Xi’an Petroleum University,Xi’an 710065,China);Zhao Jingzhou Characteristics and Significance of Fluid Inclusions from Majiagou Formation,Yichuan Huangling Area,Ordos Basin(Advances in Earth Science,ISSN1001-8166,CN62-1091/P,28(7),2013,p.819-828,7 illus.,3 tables,43 refs.)     

GEOCHEMISTRY

正20142002 Wei Hualing(Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,Langfang065000,China);Zhou Guohua Element Content and Mineral Compositions in Different Sizes of Soil in Tongling Area,Anhui Province(Geological Bulletin of China,ISSN1671-2552,CN11-4648/P,32(11),2013,p.1861