20Cr2Ni4A钢和17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢渗碳层的组织与性能

研究了相同热处理工艺下20Cr2Ni4A和17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢渗碳层的组织和性能特点。结果表明,17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的原材料和热处理后的晶粒比20Cr2Ni4A钢的均匀细小,经淬火+低温回火后,20Cr2Ni4A钢心部晶粒度等级为7级,17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢心部晶粒度等级为8级。渗碳层晶粒呈梯度变化,最外层最粗但仍与心部晶粒尺寸相当;这得益于V、Nb等微量元素形成的碳化物对晶界的钉扎作用,同时因为含有更多的碳化物颗粒使得17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的显微硬度略高于20Cr2Ni4A钢。17Cr2Ni2MoVNb钢的渗层比20Cr2Ni4A钢的具有更高的硬度和更多的碳化物使其耐磨性更优。     

长时高温运行后1Cr18Ni12Ti奥氏体钢组织变化

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射仪对1Cr18Ni12Ti奥氏体不锈钢管断口和显微组织中的析出相进行了分析,研究了导致材料脆化的原因、晶界和晶内析出相的结构以及析出相对材料性能的影响.结果表明,1Cr18Ni12Ti奥氏体不锈钢脆化是由于材料发生过时效,组织结构发生劣化的结果,主要表现为晶界出现连续和封闭的碳化物析出相,晶内析出针状σ相.这种组织结构的出现一方面阻止位错的运动和破坏变形的连续性,也使晶界附近组织贫铬化,导致材料的韧性、抗氧化和腐蚀性、甚至强度和高温持久性能下降.     

铝对抗磨耐热铸钢组织和性能的影响

通过金相组织观察、X射线衍射相结构分析以及力学性能测试,研究了铝对铸态抗磨耐热铸钢（ZG40Cr25Ni20）显微组织、结构和硬度的影响。结果表明,加入铝量达到5％时,铸态组织中出现了大量的颗粒状金属间化合物（γ相）,使晶界碳化物呈较为分散的分布;γ相的出现显著提高了材料的硬度,5％铝添加量试样的硬度比ZG40Cr25Ni20的硬度提高33．8％。     

Fe-Cr-V耐磨堆焊合金

制备了用于埋弧焊药芯焊丝的Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金,其成份(质量分数,%)为c0.9～1.5,Cr 13～15,V 1.0-2.0.借助光学显微镜、扫描电镜和X射线衍射等手段,研究了其显微组织,并考察V和B4C含量对该堆焊合金性能的影响.Fe-Cr-V堆焊合金的显微组织由铁素体 马氏体 (Cr,Fe)23C6等碳化物组成.电子能谱微区分析显示Cr,V元素晶界含量显著高于晶内,随WC加入量提高,晶界与晶内含量差距增大.由于沿晶界析出碳化钒,这使(Cr,Fe)23C6等晶界碳化物呈条状或断续网状分布,起到耐磨骨架作用,避免了网状形态的强烈脆性.结果表明,其磨粒磨损性能显著优于实心焊丝H25Cr3Mo2MnV堆焊合金.     

冷拔变形量对Ni80Cr20无缝管显微组织的影响

通过对Ni80Cr20锻造坯料进行挤压-冷拔-扩孔变形而获得无缝管,而后对Ni80Cr20无缝管进行不同变形量的冷轧变形,研究了不同轧制变形量对Ni80Cr20无缝管显微组织的影响。结果表明:挤压后的Ni80Cr20荒管具有单相奥氏体组织,且存在少量碳化物;荒管经冷拔-扩孔-固溶处理后获得Ni80Cr20无缝管,其奥氏体晶粒明显长大,碳化物基本溶解于基体中;Ni80Cr20无缝管在不同的冷轧变形后,随冷轧变形量的增加,显微组织呈明显的纤维化特征,经固溶处理后,其再结晶晶粒变小,获得了细小均匀的奥氏体组织。     

长期高温服役过程中化工Crl7Nil2Mo2耐热钢的组织及性能变化

研究长期高温(720℃)服役过程中化工锅炉耐热钢管Cr17Ni12Mo2的显微组织及力学性能变化。结果表明,随着高温时效处理时间的延长,小于500 h之前显微组织中碳化物呈半连续状沿晶界析出,试样高温力学性能变化很小,时效时间在500 h与1 500 h之间时,试样强度明显增加,大于1 500 h时效后,试样强度基本不再变化。因此,对于化工锅炉耐热钢管Cr17Ni12Mo2,进行720℃×1 000 h时效处理能够明显改善其显微组织均匀性,提高力学稳定性。     

Fe—C—∑X多元合金等离子弧喷焊组织结构和性能研究

借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱分析仪和显微硬度计研究了Fe-C-∑X多元合金等离子弧喷焊的组织、结构和显微硬度。结果表明，喷焊合金层主要由以7(Fe、Ni)为基的固溶体，以及分布在其中的Cr5-xSi3-y(C，B)x y(属于复杂六角结构)和CrB等硼、碳化物组成；经过600℃时效60h后，合金层的组织和物相发生了很大的变化，析出了新的化合物相(Cr，Fe)7(C，B)3和Cr2B，使合金层剖面显微硬度明显提高。     

Cr12MoV模具钢激光熔覆Ni基、Co基合金的组织与性能

利用5kW的横流CO2激光器在Cr12MoV钢表面分别熔覆Stellie6和Ni60合金粉末，并利用X射线衍射、光学显微镜分析了合金熔覆层的金相组织和相组成；测量了合金熔覆层的显微硬度，并用M-200环-块磨损试验机研究了其磨损性能。结果表明，激光处理层存在熔覆区、结合区和基体热影响区三个区域。由于基材为淬火组织，故在热影响区中存在二次淬火区和回火区，最高硬度存在于二次淬火区。Stellie6合金熔覆层由枝晶Co基固溶体及Cr23C6、Cr7C3和CoCx碳化物、WC等相组成；Ni60合金熔覆层由Ni基固溶体及NiCrFe相、γ-Fe基固溶体、Cr23C6、Cr7C3型碳化物和Cr2B硼化物等相所组成。Ni60合金熔覆层比Stellie6合金熔覆层具有更高的硬度，Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性要比Stillite6熔覆层好。     

铸造ZG1Cr11Ni2WMoV马氏体耐热钢中的第二相析出行为

采用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X-射线衍射仪等方法研究了铸造ZG1Cr11Ni2WMoV马氏体耐热钢经1050℃×1 h空冷正火后在不同温度回火的显微组织及第二相析出行为。结果表明:铸造ZG1Cr11Ni2WMoV马氏体耐热钢经不同温度回火后,显微组织由板条状回火马氏体和少量δ-铁素体组成,在较低温度(550℃)回火时,高密度纳米尺寸M_6C型碳化物均匀分布在马氏体板条内,随回火温度的升高,M_6C型碳化物长大成细长针状,同时在原奥氏体晶界、马氏体板条界及δ-铁素体周围析出M_(23)C_6型碳化物,继续升高回火温度至700℃,板条内不再有M_6C型碳化物析出,板条界上M_(23)C_6型碳化物颗粒逐渐长大。     

长期时效下15Cr1Mo1V钢的显微组织及力学性能

通过常温力学性能试验、高温力学性能试验、显微组织分析、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析研究了长期时效对15Cr1Mo1V钢的显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:15Cr1Mo1V钢在时效过程中硬度和强度逐渐下降,塑性和韧性变化不明显;组织发生老化,贝氏体区域逐渐分解消失,颗粒状碳化物析出长大并向晶界转移聚集,最终在晶界处呈链状分布; V、Mo元素随碳化物析出并向晶界处聚集,使基体中的合金元素贫化,弱化了合金元素的固溶强化和沉淀强化作用,是导致材料硬度和强度性能发生劣化的主要原因。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.