新型混凝土空心砌块房屋抗震性能研究

本文介绍了一种集承重与保温于一体的新型混凝土砌块房屋的抗震性能的研究结果。文中采用具有负刚度的四折线恢复力模型，用Newmark数值积分法，选用代表I-Ⅳ类场地的10地震记录，分别对两栋典型的新型砌块房屋进行了非线性地震反应分析，研究了在抗震设防“三水准”情况下房屋的抗震能力。计算结果表明：新型砌块房屋具有良好的抗震性能，在7、8度地震区分别建造7层和6层的这种房屋可满足抗震设防三水准要求。文中还介绍了一个足尺新型砌块房屋模型的模拟振动台试验，用本文给出的非线性地震反应分析方法对模型进行了计算，且将振动台试验结果与计算结果做了比较，验证了本文选取的计算模型是合理的、计算方法是可靠的。     

再生轻质砌块填充墙再生混凝土框架抗震性能的试验研究

本文通过对1 ： 2比例模型的普通混凝土框架和两榀再生骨料掺量为50%的再生混凝土框架（其中一榀再生混凝土框架用再生轻质砌块作填充墙）,在恒定的竖向轴压荷载和水平低周反复荷载作用下进行了抗震性能的对比试验,研究了再生混凝土框架和再生砌块填充墙再生混凝土框架在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏机制、承载力、滞回特性、延性、强度退化、刚度退化和耗能等问题,并和普通混凝土框架进行对比分析,为再生轻质砌块和再生混凝土结构的深入分析研究和实际应用提供了理论基础。     

构造柱—圈梁体系外多孔墙内混凝土小型空心砌块六层足尺房屋抗震性能试验研究

本文简述了六层构造柱－圈梁体系外墙用多孔砖、内墙用混凝土小型空心砌块足尺房屋抗震试验的设计，介绍了模型楼的试验结果，并对试验结果进行了分析，评价了此类房屋的抗震能力。最后，本文对此类房屋的工程实践提出一些建议。     

反复荷载下钢筋混凝土框架柱杭剪承载力分析

钢筋混凝土框架柱作为高层房屋建筑的主要承重构件,在历次地震中因框架脆性剪切破坏而造成结构严重损坏甚至倒塌的现象十分常见。本文通过分析有关试验资料,提出了钢筋混凝土框架柱塑性铰区剪切强度的计算公式及有关构造措施,以保证框架柱在一定延性条件下具有足够的抗剪强度,实现“强剪弱弯”的抗震设计原则,使抗震设计的框架结构具有足够的强度和良好的延性,以配合混凝土结构设计规范（ＧＢＪ１０－８９）的修订工作。本文的     

上海环球金融中心大厦结构模型振动台抗震试验

上海环球金融中心大厦高101层,结构高度492m,高宽比8．49,拟建成为世界上结构主体最高的建筑物。大厦采用了三重结构体系抵抗水平荷载,它们由巨型框架、钢筋混凝土核心筒及构成核心筒和巨型型钢混凝土柱之间相互作用的伸臂桁架组成;核心筒竖向不连续,由低筒、中筒和上部筒3部分组成;二对角巨型柱在42层以上开始分叉形成倾斜曲面,巨型斜撑只设置在垂直立面上,且采用单向支撑。根据我国《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ3—2002),该建筑总高超过了型钢混凝土框架一钢筋混凝土筒体最大高度190m的限值,同时高宽比超过了设防烈度7度地区为7的限值。为研究它在地震作用下的抗震性能,进行了缩尺(1／50)模型的振动台试验。试验结果表明,该结构体系合理,具有足够的水平刚度,在地震作用下位移反应不大,扭转效应比较小,满足我国抗震设防要求。     

密肋复合墙体的改进抗震构造措施

密肋复合墙是密肋结构体系的主要抗侧力构件,独特的构造特点决定其在抗震耗能方面的优势,但也使其受力过程更为复杂。根据密肋复合墙体模型试验,分析了现阶段密肋复合墙构件的破坏特点和墙体现有设计、施工方面存在的不足,提出了改进的抗震构造措施。通过采取改变砌块与框格接触方式、砌块拼缝之间设置砂浆层、优化肋梁柱节点区形式等多方面的构造措施,可以推迟墙体周边裂缝与填充砌块自身斜裂缝的出现,保证先肋梁后肋柱的延性屈服顺序,减轻极限状态下框格单元节点区与肋柱的破坏程度,从而提高密肋复合墙的整体抗震性能。文中所提出的改进抗震构造措施可为密肋结构的实际工程应用提供参考。     

珠海（磨刀门）大桥震害预测及对策

按《公路工程抗震设计规范》（ＴＪＪ００４－８９）对珠海（磨刀门）大桥进行了抗震鉴定，结果表明大桥满足７度抗震设防要求，最后提出了抗震加固及设计新大桥时可供选用的一些措施。     

按新规范设计的不规则框架非线性抗震性能分析

按2002新规范设计了两栋不规则空间框架，分析了结构在小震、中震及大震作用下结构的反应，重点考察了结构在中震及大震作用的非线性响应，主要包括最大层间位移、层间扭转角以及构件混凝土纤维和钢筋纤维的最大应变等，对新抗震规范要求的设防水准及目标进行了初步评估。     

钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构振动台试验研究

某超高层钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构因指标超限在设计中采用了耗能减震技术,为了检验该减震结构的抗震性能,制作了1/35的缩尺模型,通过在钢管混凝土框架设置阻尼器或不设置阻尼器,进行模拟地震振动台对比试验,研究了模型结构的动力特性和不同烈度地震作用下的加速度、位移和应变响应。研究结果表明:地震作用下,该钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒减震结构与钢管混凝土框架-混凝土核心筒结构相比,位移、加速度和应变响应均有一定程度的降低;罕遇地震作用下,通过设置耗能减震构件,层间位移角最大值从超过规范要求的1/84减低至满足规范要求的1/130,表明该减震结构具有更优良的抗震性能。     

钢筋混凝土异型柱框架抗震设计若干问题的研究

钢筋混凝土异型柱框架是新型住宅结构，本文以粉煤灰砌块填充墙异型柱框架试验研究［１］，［２］，［３］及异型柱试验研究［４］，［５］，［６］为基础，分析了结构动力计算模型问题，控制薄弱层问题和异型柱工作性能问题，提出了若干供抗震设计参考的建议。     

再生空心砌块砌体填充墙-钢管再生混凝土框架骨架曲线模型研究

为研究再生空心砌块砌体填充墙-钢管再生混凝土框架的骨架曲线模型,设计制作了2榀试件并对其进行低周反复加载试验,获取其滞回及骨架曲线。在此基础之上,对试件的骨架曲线模型进行相关的理论分析,建立了再生空心砌块砌体填充墙—钢管再生混凝土框架的四折线骨架曲线模型。研究表明:试件的滞回曲线呈现为饱满的梭形,表现出了良好的抗震耗能性能;通过相关理论分析建立的四折线骨架曲线模型与试验实测骨架曲线吻合良好,可为该类结构在地震作用下的弹塑性地震反应分析提供相关参考。     

混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构的抗震性能——基于层间位移的分析

混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构,由于加入芯柱、构造柱、圈梁,使结构整体性提高,因此具有较好的抗震性能和发展前景。通过整理94个混凝土小砌块约束砌体墙片试验数据,考虑权重,统计了混凝土小砌块约束砌体墙片延性系数,给出了延性系数与高度、延性系数比与高宽的关系,同时给出了层间开裂位移角、层间极限位移角公式,以及接近倒塌时混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构层间位移的计算公式,并与一个八层混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构的动力时程分析结果进行了对比,结果显示,最大误差在顶层,为17.7%,因此,所提层间位移计算公式是可以满足工程精度需要的,为混凝土小砌块约束砌体结构基于性态的抗震分析提供参考。     

内注泡沫混凝土空心砌块墙体抗震性能的试验研究

本文通过内注泡沫混凝土空心砌块与未注泡沫混凝土空心砌块砌体在低周反复荷载作用下的对比试验,研究了具有良好热工性能空心砌块砌体的破坏形态、抗剪承载力、变形特性等抗震性能。试验结果分析表明．内注泡沫混凝土的空心砌块,能提高墙体的开裂荷载和极限荷载,改善了混凝土空心砌块砌体的抗剪承载力。     

组合墙结构房屋抗震性能的振动台试验研究

通过三个组合墙模型房屋的振动台试验，分析了组合墙结构体系房屋的动力性能和抗震能力，比较了底一层和底两层框架组合墙房屋和普通组合墙房屋的抗震性能。结果表明，八层组合墙房屋的抗震能力远远超过设计能力，可用于八度地区，底框架组合墙房屋的抗震性能优于普通组合墙房屋，底两层框架组合墙房屋也优于底一层框架组合墙房屋。     

新型节能复合混凝土空心砌块砌体抗震性能的试验研究

本文通过2片开窗洞加窗台梁节能复合混凝土小型空心砌块墙体和2片不开窗洞墙体的水平低周反复荷载试验,研究了节能复合混凝土小型空心砌块砌体墙的受力全过程、开裂部位、裂缝发展情况以及破坏形态,分析了墙体的滞回特性、延性、耗能能力,刚度退化曲线等抗震性能,同时,考察了墙体外叶保护层的受力性能、破坏程度以及与墙体的共同工作机理,探讨了不同构造措施以及开窗洞对墙体抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:复合混凝土小型砌块砌体从开始加载到最终破坏,砌块保护层都没有明显的鼓凸和脱落现象,说明聚苯层及横向拉结筋能够提供可靠的连接,保证外叶保护层在水平剪力和竖向荷载共同作用下和墙体整体工作,此外,开窗洞对墙体的抗震性能削弱较大。     

Shake‐table tests of a three‐story reinforced concrete frame with masonry infill walls

This paper presents the shake‐table tests of a 2/3‐scale, three‐story, two‐bay, reinforced concrete frame infilled with unreinforced masonry walls. The specimen is representative of the construction practice in California in the 1920s. The reinforced concrete frame had nonductile reinforcement details and it was infilled with solid masonry walls in one bay and infill walls with window openings in the other bay. The structure was subjected to a sequence of dynamic tests including white‐noise base excitations and 14 scaled historical earthquake ground motion records of increasing intensity. The performance of the structure was satisfactory considering the seismic loads it was subjected to. The paper summarizes the design of the specimen and the major findings from the shake‐table tests, including the dynamic response, the load resistance, the evolution of damage, and the final failure mechanism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental and analytical studies on earthquake resisting behaviour of confined concrete block masonry structures

To improve the seismic performance of masonry structures, confined masonry that improves the seismic resistance of masonry structures by the confining effect of surrounding bond beams and tie columns is constructed. This study investigated the earthquake resisting behaviour of confined masonry structures that are being studied and constructed in China. The structural system consists of unreinforced block masonry walls with surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns. The characteristics of the structure include: (1) damage to blocks is reduced and brittle failure is avoided by the comparatively lower strength of the joint mortar than that of the blocks, (2) the masonry walls and surrounding reinforced concrete bond beams and tie columns are securely jointed by the shear keys of the tie columns. In this study, wall specimens made of concrete blocks were tested under a cyclic lateral load and simulated by a rigid body spring model that models non‐linear behaviour by rigid bodies and boundary springs. The results of studies outline the resisting mechanism, indicating that a rigid body spring model is considered appropriate for analysing this type of structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Shaking table tests and dynamic analyses of masonry wall buildings with flame-shear walls at lower stories

This paper describes shaking table tests of three eight-story building models: all are masonry structures in the upper stories, with or without frame-shear walls of one- or two- stories at the bottom. The test results of damage characteristics and seismic responses are provided and compared. Then, nonlinear response analyses are conducted to examine the reliability of the dynamic analysis. Finally, many nonlinear response analyses are performed and it is concluded that for relatively hard sites under a certain lateral stiffness ratio (I.e., the ratio of the stiffness of the lowest upper masonry story to that of the frame-shear wall story), the masonry structure with one-story frame-shear wall at the bottom performs better than a structure built entirely of masonry, and a masonry structure with frame-shear wall of two stories performs better than with one-story frame-shear wall. In relatively soft soil conditions, all three structures have similar performane. In addition, some suggestions that could be helpful for design ofmasomy structures with ground story of frame-shear wall structure in seismic intensity region VII, such as the appropriate lateral stiffness ratio, shear force increase factor of the frame-shear wall story, and permissible maximum height of the building, are proposed.     

Response of infilled frames using pseudo-dynamic experimentation

An accurate and practical testing technique to study seismic performance of multi-storey infilled frames is formulated. This technique is based on the pseudo-dynamic method which can provide an acceptable approximation of the dynamic performance of structures under the influence of earthquake excitation. The pseudo-dynamic experimental technique is outlined and applied for testing a two-bay, two-storey gravity load designed steel frame infilled with unreinforced concrete block masonry walls. From the discussion of the results, the dynamic performance of the tested structure is assessed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Study on the effect of the infill walls on the seismic performance of a reinforced concrete frame

Motivated by the seismic damage observed to reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures during the Wenchuan earthquake, the effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of a RC frame is studied in this paper. Infill walls, especially those made of masonry, offer some amount of stiffness and strength. Therefore, the effect of infill walls should be considered during the design of RC frames. In this study, an analysis of the recorded ground motion in the Wenchuan earthquake is performed. Then, a numerical model is developed to simulate the infill walls. Finally, nonlinear dynamic analysis is carried out on a RC frame with and without infill walls, respectively, by using CANNY software. Through a comparative analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn. The failure mode of the frame with infill walls is in accordance with the seismic damage failure pattern, which is strong beam and weak column mode. This indicates that the infill walls change the failure pattern of the frame, and it is necessary to consider them in the seismic design of the RC frame. The numerical model presented in this paper can effectively simulate the effect of infill walls on the RC frame.