双站SAR时频同步技术

基于星载SAR照射源的双站SAR系统,由于收、发系统分置,时间同步和频率同步误差会对成像结果造成影响,甚至不能成像,因此,时频同步问题是这类系统需要解决的关键问题之一。本文首先以基于星载辐射源、接收机固定在地面的双站SAR系统为例,详细分析了时频同步误差的模型,随后提出了一种利用直达波信号脉压峰值位置和相位信息提取时频同步误差,实现系统时频同步的方法,并对该方法的估计精度进行了分析。最后,通过仿真,对时频同步方法及其性能进行了验证。根据仿真结果分析,该方法取得了较好的性能,可以有效的应用于上述双站SAR系统。      

星地双基地SAR时频同步技术研究

本文研究了只依靠直达波信号的星地双基地SAR的时频同步误差估计方法并对估计精度进行了讨论。首先对直达波信号进行建模和分析,再对传统的基于幅度的多普勒中心频率的估计方法在双基地SAR情况下进行了估计结果的修正,从而提出了一种时频同步误差的估计方法。最后推导并分析了接收信号的信噪比、系统载频和带宽等因素与估计精度的定量关系。结果表明,当先验信息较少时,仅通过直达波数据进行同步误差的估计是可行的。由于误差估计精度由信号的信噪比、信号带宽和载频频率等因素共同决定。因此,需要对系统参数进行合理的设计,以实现高精度的误差估计,从而实现同步误差的补偿,提高双基地SAR的成像质量。      

一种基于北斗信号的星载双站SAR成像频率同步的方法

针对基于北斗信号的星载双站SAR成像频率同步误差,提出一种在高噪声情况下新的频率同步方法。以北斗卫星直达波信号为同步信号源建立同步通道,使用单周期积累的扩频信号优化时频捕获算法得到较精确伪码时延,在码同步后使用已知时延的多周期积累的时频捕获算法获到频率误差。连续10次计算机仿真在SNR=-50db的高噪声环境下频率误差均不超过1.5Hz。     

无时钟同步下双基地雷达的相位误差补偿算法

在双基地雷达中,由于时钟源不同步会给接收信号上带来载波频率偏差以及时间同步误差等影响因素,影响精确定位和慢速微多普勒检测。针对这些影响因素,提出一种基于直达波相位的相位补偿算法和基于距离多普勒谱频域对消的联合处理算法。该算法不需要双基地系统有共用时钟源。首先,通过直达波的相位对所有接收信号做相位补偿,抵消了载波频率偏差带来的相位误差;再利用距离多普勒谱的数据在多普勒维上做频域对消,有效地去除了时间同步误差带来的旁峰干扰。该算法复杂度低、易于实现,经过理论推导和实验验证,验证了该算法的有效性。     

星载寄生式InSAR系统频率同步误差分析

频率同步是星载寄生式InSAR系统的关键问题之一。根据频率源的工作特性,建立了一种新的频率源误差模型,并在该模型的基础上详细分析了频率同步误差对双站SAR成像及分布式InSAR高程测量的影响。建立了频率同步误差到干涉相位误差的传递模型,指出了星载分布式InSAR系统对频率源准确度及稳定性的要求,仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,分析结果对星载分布式InSAR系统的设计具有重要意义。     

分布式星载SAR系统时间同步和波束同步误差分析

三大同步是分布式星载SAR系统需要解决的关键问题之一。该文系统分析了时间同步和波束同步误差对分布式星载SAR系统的影响,时间同步部分首先推导了时间同步误差对成像的影响,其次基于时间同步误差模型和脉冲对传相位同步模型,分析时间同步和相位同步导致的相位误差之间的关系,波束同步部分基于星载双基SAR系统的不同姿态导引方式,分析波束指向误差和卫星姿态误差对合成天线方向图的影响,以及对多普勒去相干的影响,最后分析波束同步误差对距离向重叠幅宽的影响。仿真结果验证了本文理论分析的正确性,分析结果可以为分布式星载SAR的系统设计提供重要指导。      

机载双站SAR频率同步与误差补偿

机载双站SAR系统中，收发平台是分置的，收发载机本振频率源的不同步，将会引起回波信号相位误差的积累，其积累时间长度为整个合成孔径时间．本文给出了“GPS＋独立高稳定频率源”实现双站SAR收发频率同步的方法，并对该同步方法引起的同步相位误差进行了分析，提出了一种基于收发平台视距通信的频率同步误差补偿方法．最后给出了对几种典型频率同步误差的补偿仿真，仿真结果表明，该频率同步误差补偿方法能够有效地补偿由收发不同步引起的误差项．     

运动误差对双站SAR相位同步及成像的影响

收、发系统间的相位同步是双站合成孔径雷达的一项关键技术,采用锁相环接收机是实现双站SAR系统相位同步的一种可能方法.本文主要就锁相环接收机在运动误差条件下的相位同步问题进行了研究,并分析了锁相环相位误差对系统成像的影响,最后,给出了计算机仿真结果.     

多基站星载SAR相位同步链路误差分析

相位同步技术是多基站星载合成孔径雷达(SAR)系统的关键技术之一。由于主辅星收发分置,两星频率源不同的特点,使得解调的信号存在相位偏差和相位噪声,因而需要在两星SAR系统之间建立相位链路,生成参考相位用以补偿辅星信号,使两星间雷达实现相位同步。但同步链路会引入额外的相位误差,文中基于双向对传的相位同步链路方案,对比分析C、L和X频段的同步链路引入的相位误差。仿真结果为多基站星载SAR系统设计提供理论依据。     

双站合成孔径雷达系统同步问题研究

讨论了双站合成孔径雷达 (双站SAR)收、发系统的同步问题 ,详细分析了频率源稳定性对收发系统间相位同步的影响 ,并给出了计算机仿真结果     

噪声引导混沌同步的同步时间分析

以Logistic映射为物理模型,计算了噪声混沌系统的Lyapunov指数谱,并利用其分析了噪卢分布区间与同步时间的关系．发现同步时间与噪声分布区间内的平均Lyapunov指数直接相关．若陔区间的平均Lyapunov指数越小,则同步时间越短。最后,提出了一种基于统计分析的时间阈值估算方法．并用该方法估算了Logistic系统在不同同步精度下的时间阈值。     

Soft Synchronization: Synchronization for Network-Connected Machine Vision Systems

Many computer vision applications require synchronization between image acquisition and external trigger events. Hardware and software triggering are widely used but have several limitations. Soft synchronization is investigated, which operates by time tagging both trigger events and images in a video stream and selecting the image corresponding to each trigger event. A stochastic model is developed for soft synchronization; and, based on the model, the uncertainty interval and confidence for correct image selection are determined, and an efficient calibration method is derived. Soft synchronization is experimentally demonstrated on a Linux image processing computer with a camera connected by the IEEE-1394 serial bus. To minimize timing variability, time tags are associated with images and events in the corresponding interrupt service routines within the operating system of the image processing computer. The model-based analysis applied to the experimental hardware shows that image/event synchronization within inter-frame interval can be achieved with 99% confidence. Experiments confirm this result.     

一种采用可变同步帧的OFDM符号定时同步算法

符号定时同步是正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）系统中最为关键的同步之一。针对现有的基于数据辅助类的同步算法中帧头存在持续时间长、抗噪声性能差和对载波频偏敏感等问题,提出了一种可变长度的同步帧结构,采用滑动差分相关算法完成符号定时同步。仿真结果表明,提出的同步帧结构持续时间短于一个OFDM符号周期,并且训练序列长度可以通过估算信噪比大小而灵活控制。同时,所提算法在归一化载波频偏为12（远远超过晶振的误差范围 ±10-5）的情况下正常工作;在高斯白噪声和多径衰落信道中都有较好的性能,且其流水线结构易于硬件实现。     

基于同步状态机的帧同步实现

采用FPGA设计了一种基于同步状态机的帧同步检测电路，具有帧同步的前方保护和后方保护以及接收端的定时功能。全部电路由硬件描述语言实现。可以集成在一片CPLD或FPGA芯片内部，用于数字通信系统接收端的帧同步和定时。     

CMMB接收机符号同步与载波同步算法设计

通过对CMMB系统的分析,提出了一种易于FPGA实现的符号同步和载波同步的解决方案.该方案中符号同步和载波同步分别利用帧结构中同步序列的相关性在时域中和频域中完成.该方案不仅降低了硬件实现的复杂度,而且在恶劣的环境下也能取得很好的系统性能.     

时间同步网络

首先对时间同步进行了背景介绍，然后讨论了不同的时间同步网络技术．最后指出了建立全球或区域时间同步同存在的问题。     

Optimum Frame Synchronization

This paper considers the optimum method for locating a sync word periodically imbedded in binary data and received over the additive white Gaussian noise channel. It is shown that the optimum rule is to select the location that maximizes the sum of the correlation and a correction term. Simulations are reported that show approximately a 3-dB improvement at interesting signal-to-noise ratios compared to a pure correlation rule. Extensions are given to the "phase-shift keyed (PSK) sync" case where the detector output has a binary ambiguity and to the case of Gaussian data.     

Code-Aided Turbo Synchronization

The introduction of turbo and low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with iterative decoding that almost attain Shannon capacity challenges the synchronization subsystems of a data modem. Fast and accurate signal synchronization has to be performed at a much lower value of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than in previous less efficiently coded systems. The solution to this issue is developing specific synchronization techniques that take advantage of the presence of the channel code and of the iterative nature of decoding: the so-called turbo-synchronization algorithms. The aim of this paper within this special issue devoted to the turbo principle is twofold: on the one hand, it shows how the many turbo-synchronization algorithms that have already appeared in the literature can be cast into a simple and rigorous theoretical framework. On the other hand, it shows the application of such techniques in a few simple cases, and evaluates improvement that can be obtained from them, especially in the low-SNR regime.     

Synchronization circuit performance

Synchronizer circuits are usually characterized by their rate of failure in transmitting data between two independently timed regions. The mean time between failures (MTBF) is given. These effects can be explained by extending the existing theory to take account of initial offsets, and we propose a new, more accurate, formula. Synchronizer performance depends on achieving a high reliability of synchronization together with a short time. We show that commonly used circuits, such as the jamb latch, do not produce the best compromise for very high reliability applications, and that a better circuit can be designed. In order to confirm that thermal noise does not influence the MTBF against synchronization-time relationship, we have devised an experiment to measure noise in an integrated CMOS bistable circuit. We show that the noise exhibits a Gaussian distribution, and is close to the value expected from thermal agitation     

Synchronization and relativity

The author gives an introduction to the concepts of both special and general relativity-particularly as they apply to time coordination. The use of concepts and formulas of the special and of the general theory of relativity has become a necessity in electronic systems that use high precision timing, especially space systems. The principles involved are reviewed with emphasis on practical applications and operational standards used in timekeeping and remote synchronization