大学生网络成瘾类型问卷的初步编制

目的:编制适用我国大学生的网络成瘾类型问卷。方法:根据访谈、开放式问卷施测结果,编制大学生网络成瘾类型问卷;调查样本为733名武汉地区大学生,91名大学生作为重测样本;检验了问卷的同质信度、重测信度、结构效度等。结果:探索性因素分析获得3个因素,即网络游戏成瘾、网络人际关系成瘾及网络信息成瘾,各因子负荷在0·50~0·82之间。总问卷及各分问卷的同质性信度(Cronbachα)、分半信度及重测信度分别为0·80~0·92、0·79~0·90和0·81~0·91。验证性因素分析结果表明问卷的三因素模型各项参数(RMSEA=0·07,CFI=0·98,NFI=0·97,IFI=0·98,TLI=0·97,RFI=0·96)均达到可以接受的水平。结论:该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于大学生网络成瘾类型的测试。     

低头症量表的中文版修订

目的:修订低头症量表中文版,探讨该量表在中国文化背景下的因素结构,并检验其信效度。方法:在大学生群体中发放问卷1000份,回收有效问卷881份,另用手机成瘾倾向量表、社交网站使用强度量表和中文网络成瘾量表修订版作为效标,4周后随机抽取80名学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析得到沟通障碍和手机痴迷2个因子,特征根分别为3.132和1.600,累积方差贡献率为59.146%。验证性因素分析显示数据拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.719,CFI=0.962,TLI=0.944,GFI=0.968,IFI=0.962,NFI=0.941,AGFI=0.940,RMSEA=0.065,SRMR=0.052);总量表及2个分量表内部一致性信度在0.721-0.781之间,重测信度在0.722-0.745之间;总量表及2个分量表得分与手机成瘾倾向量表的相关(r=0.451-0.615,P0.01)、与社交网站使用强度得分的相关(r=0.226-0.372,P0.01)、与中文网络成瘾量表得分的相关(r=0.424-0.565,P0.01)均有统计学意义,表明该量表具有较好的效标关联效度。结论:低头症量表中文版具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于大学生低头症测量。     

大学生网络交往问卷的初步编制及信效度检验

目的:编制大学生网络交往问卷(IIQUS),用来测量大学生的网络交往行为,并检验其信效度。方法:选取296名大学生进行预测调查,进行项目分析及探索性因素分析;另外抽取711名大学生进行正式问卷调查,用于进行验证性因素分析及考察同质性信度和结构效度。以网络成瘾类型问卷中的网络关系成瘾维度为效标。结果:大学生网络交往问卷共有26题,包括网络社交自我知觉、网络自我表露、网络人际关系以及网络交往依赖4个因子,解释了总方差的47.8%。问卷具有良好的结构效度(χ2/df=6.61,CFI=0.95,IFI=0.95,RM SEA=0.08),网络人际关系成瘾得分与网络交往依赖得分正相关(r=0.56,P<0.01)。总量表和4个因子的Cronbachα系数为0.78～0.90,重测信度为0.70～0.88。结论:本研究编制的大学生网络交往问卷具有较好的信效度,能用来测量大学生的网络交往行为。     

青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表的初步编制及信效度检验

目的:编制青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表(Online Game Cognitive Distortions Scale,OGCDS),并检验其信效度.方法:在117名青少年中进行初测,确定17个条目的正式版本后以分层整群取样法,随机抽取广东省在校中学生495名,分别施测青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表、网络游戏-认知成瘾量表以及Young的网络成瘾诊断问卷,考察青少年嘲络游戏认知偏差量表的信度和效度.结果:探索性因素分析结果显示:青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表涵盖4个维度,分别是沉湎、全或无思维、在线安慰和短期思维,可解释总方差72.626%,各条目的因子负荷在0.490-0.886之间.验证性因素分析结果表明:四因素模型的拟合指数分别为:χ~2=141.586,NFI=0.909,IFI=0.952,CFI=0.952,RMSEA=0.063.量表的重测信度r=0.753,P<0.01,各维度和总量表的α系数为0.740-0.904.青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表总分、各维度分与网络游戏-认知成瘾量表总分呈正相关(r=0.540～0.728,P<0.01),与Young的网络成瘾诊断问卷也呈正相关(r=0.283～0.413,P<0.01).结论:青少年网络游戏认知偏差量表有良好的信度和效度.     

中文版低头行为量表测评大学生群体的信度与效度

目的:修订低头行为量表并在中国大学生群体中检验其信效度。方法:采用一般低头行为量表、父母低头行为问卷、大学生手机成瘾倾向量表及短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表共对1134名大学生进行施测,两周后对其中的95名大学生进行重测。结果:①探索性因素分析发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表共包含15个条目,可分为自我疏离、无手机恐惧、人际冲突和问题认知4个维度;②验证性因素分析发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表四因素模型拟合良好(χ~2/df=2.59, GFI=0.93, CFI=0.93, TLI=0.91, RMSEA=0.06);③中文版大学生低头行为量表与父母低头行为问卷、手机成瘾倾向量表、短式抑郁-焦虑-压力量表均呈显著正相关(r=0.33～0.74, P0.01),其组合信度在0.63～0.92之间,平均方差抽取量在0.38～0.48之间;④信度检验发现,中文版大学生低头行为量表的Cronbach’sα系数在0.71～0.84之间;分半信度在0.65～0.77之间;重测信度在0.68～0.85(P0.01)之间。结论:中文版大学生低头行为量表具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为科学的研究工具使用。     

物质主义倾向量表的编制及其信效度

目的:编制物质主义倾向量表(MTS),分析其信度和效度。方法:采用文献法、访谈法、专家评价法等形成初始问卷并对531名大学生进行预调查,经过条目相关分析、定性分析等形成问卷第二版;然后以365名大学生为被试对第二版问卷进行项目分析和探索性因素分析,获得最终问卷并以物质主义价值观量表(MVS)为效标进行效度检验。另外以991名大学生为被试对最终问卷进行验证性因素分析,选取其中322名大学生间隔2周后进行前后施测分析重测信度。结果:物质主义倾向量表共20题,包括物质崇拜、物质虚荣、物质兴趣、物质追求和物质欲望五个维度,量表的内部一致性信度、分半信度和重测信度分别为0.892,0.810和0.869;量表的内容效度(S-CVI=0.9)、结构效度良好(维度间的相关处于0.330～0.600之间,维度与总量表的相关在0.617～0.828之间)。效标效度显示,MTS与MVS总分呈高度相关(r=0.835),与MVS各维度也均呈中高度相关(r=0.554～0.720)。结论:物质主义倾向量表具有良好的测量学性能,是评价个体物质主义及物质主义价值观的有效工具。     

大学生网络游戏认知-成瘾量表的初步编制及信效度检验

目的：编制网络游戏认知-成瘾量表（Internet game cognition-addition scale,IGCAS）,并检验其信效度。方法：在165名大学生中先进行试测,确定16个条目的正式版本后以分层整群抽样法,随机抽取广东省在校大学生654名,施测网络游戏认知-成瘾量表和Young量表,考察网络游戏认知-成瘾量表的信度和效度。结果：探索性因素分析结果显示网络游戏认知-成瘾量表涵盖2个维度,游戏非适应认知因子和成瘾行为因子,可解释总方差的61.63%,各条目的因素负荷在0.550-0.850之间。验证性因素分析结果表明二因素模型的拟合指数分别为：χ^2=118.44,NNFI=0.98,NFI=0.98,CFI=0.99,RMSEA=0.087。量表的重测信度r=0.76,P〈0.01,各维度和总量表的α系数为0.901-0.943。网络游戏认知-成瘾量表总分、各维度分与Young的成瘾量表总分呈正相关（r=0.24-0.26,P〈0.01）。结论：IGCAS有良好的信效度,可作为大学生网络游戏成瘾辅助诊断的有效测量学工具。     

月经信念与态度问卷的修订及其信效度检验

目的：修订月经信念与态度问卷（Beliefs about and Attitude toward Menstruation, BATM）。方法：采用方便抽样法对两个样本共945名大学生施测,进行项目分析、探索性因素分析、验证性因素分析、信度分析和效标效度分析。结果：(1)基于样本1(n=496)修订得到27条目5因子结构问卷。(2)基于样本2(n=449)进一步分析发现修订版问卷结构效度良好;效标效度检验发现,其与月经态度问卷呈显著中度相关（r=0.550）,与抑郁症污名问卷（r=0.277）和矛盾性别偏见量表（总量表r=0.294）呈低度相关,提示其聚合效度和区分效度良好;各维度Cronbach’s α系数在0.676～0.893之间,总问卷内部一致性信度为0.869。结论：中文版月经信念与态度问卷具有良好的信度和效度,可作为成年人月经态度的测评工具。     

大学生健康人格问卷的编制

目的:编制适合我国大学生的健康人格问卷.方法:根据访谈、开放式问卷施测结果及理论假设,编制大学生健康人格问卷;检验了问卷的同质性信度、重测信度、结构效度等.结果:探索性因素分析确定量表含自我和谐、自我-社会和谐、实践活动能力三个因素,解释总变异的54.8％.三个维度和总问卷的内部一致性系数为0.82-0.94,分半信度为0.70-0.85,重测信度为0.73-0.84.验证性因素分析表明问卷的三因素模型各项参数(RMSEA=0.07,NFI=0.95,NNFI=0.96,CFI=0.94,GFI=0.95)均达到可以接受的水平.三个维度及总问卷与自尊、主观幸福感有显著正相关;与SCL-90有显著负相关.结论:该问卷具有较好的信度和效度,可用于大学生健康人格的测试.     

13条目自恋人格量表中文版的信度效度研究

目的:以大学生为被试,在该群体中施测13条目自恋人格量表,探讨该量表在中国文化背景下的因素结构,并检验其信度效度。方法:对大学生发放问卷900份,回收有效问卷795份,以自尊量表、攻击量表和"大五"人格量表为效标,间隔3周后,随机选取100名大学生进行重测。结果:探索性因素分析结果表明,应提取3个维度,累计方差解释率为59.827%;验证性因素分析表明量表结构效度良好(χ~2/df=2.004,CFI=0.956,TLI=0.918,RMSEA=0.069,SRMR=0.034);总量表及领导/权威、夸大的自我表现欲和特权感/占有欲维度内部一致性信度为0.856、0.691、0.750、0.872;重测信度分别为0.863、0.833、0.825、0.844,效标关联效度也都达到显著水平。结论:13条目自恋人格量表具有良好的信度效度,可以对外显自恋及领导/权威、夸大的自我表现欲以及特权感/占有欲维度进行有效测量。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

Renal dysplasia and asplenia in two sibs

A family is reported in which two sibs, one male and the other female, both died within 24 hours of birth with enlarged polycystic kidneys. Postmortem histology in the second child showed gross renal dysplasia. In both children the pancreas was enlarged, nodular and cystic but the liver appeared macroscopically normal. In the second child, histological examination confirmed pancreatic fibrosis with cystic dilation of ducts, but showed portal fibrosis with bile duct proliferation in the liver.
This combination of findings is very reminiscent of those in a girl and her brother reported by Ivemark et al. (1959). The children reported here also showed absence or hypoplasia of the spleen, cardiac anomalies and other features of the Ivemark syndrome (Ivemark 1955), a quite different, usually sporadic, congenital disorder. It is suggested that the children described here have a distinct lethal congenital disorder, probably inherited in an autosomal recessive manner.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.