低速冲击下混凝土少筋梁断裂性能

动态加载下,混凝土中钢筋的阻裂性能一直是冲击动力学研究领域的难点之一。利用落锤试验机对含缺口的混凝土少筋梁进行三点弯曲试验,分析了不同加载速率下梁的冲击力、跨中挠度、混凝土起裂应变率和钢筋应变。实验结果表明:在一定加载速率范围内（0.885～1.252 m/s）,混凝土预制裂缝尖端的裂纹起裂应变率、冲击力最大值、跨中挠度峰值与加载速率呈线性增长关系,当加载速率增至1.771 m/s时,增长趋势减弱;冲击力卸载时,钢筋部分弹性变形恢复导致裂纹产生闭合,裂纹嘴张开位移逐渐减小至恒定值,对裂纹嘴张开位移峰值前的部分曲线进行拟合后得到裂纹嘴张开位移率,结果表明裂纹嘴张开位移率随加载速率的提高而线性增大。     

基于“钉床型”飞片的斜波加载技术及应用

为了实现斜波加载,设计了一种“钉床型”广义波阻抗梯度飞片,即在基座上密排叠加许多小圆锥,简称“钉床型”飞片。该飞片采用激光选区熔化金属增材制造技术进行制备。利用一级轻气炮加载装置和全光纤激光位移干涉测试系统,开展不同工况下“钉床型”飞片高速击靶压缩实验和层裂实验,重点讨论小圆锥高度和撞击速度对斜波压缩加载波形的影响规律,以及斜波加载对不锈钢靶板层裂特性的影响。实验结果显示:（1）“钉床型”飞片对靶板产生的压缩是逐步的,从自由面速度剖面上观察到压缩波上升前沿时间被显著延长,形成了斜波波阵面,明显不同于冲击压缩的陡峭波阵面;（2）在飞片击靶速度近似恒定条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间、平台速度峰值都明显依赖于“钉床型”飞片上的小圆锥高度,随着小圆锥高度增大,上升沿时间呈线性增大,而平台速度峰值呈线性减小;（3）在“钉床型”飞片的几何尺寸保持不变的条件下,斜波波阵面的上升沿时间随着飞片击靶速度的增大而线性减小,平台速度峰值则线性增大;（4）与冲击加载相比,“钉床型”飞片产生的斜波加载不会对材料的层裂强度产生明显影响,但对材料内部损伤演化速率有一定的影响。     

标准线性固体材料应变率相关力学行为与内耗现象本质联系探讨

标准线性固体材料应变率相关力学行为与内耗现象本质联系探讨程经毅，周光泉（中国合肥科学技术大学，合肥２３００２６）关键词粘弹性，标准线性固体，应变率敏感性，内耗１引言尽管材料的应变率相关力学行为和内耗现象是材料在不同的加载方式下的不同响应，然而，它们在...     

矩形板在面内荷载作用下的非线性屈曲分析

本文分析了具有不同面内边界条件的矩形板,面内受到常位移梯度偏心加载和常荷载偏心距加载的条件下的屈曲后性能和极限荷载.计算中同时考虑了板初曲和残余应力的影响,成功地将线性有线条理论推广应用于解决板的大挠度弹塑性稳定问题.这一方法与目前研究此类问题的其它方法相比较,在同等精度下计算工作量小得多.     

裂缝重力坝的非线性分析

本文按弹性接触理论建立了具有裂缝的重力坝结构分析的数学模型。着重分析了该坝体的非线性结构特性,并讨论了加载历史的不可逆性及载荷的不可迭加性。为了便于工程应用,在难以描述真实加载历史的情况下,提出建立相当加载历史和裂缝相当初态的分析方法。     

在弹-粘塑性材料中平面波传播的初步研究

在材料的应力应变关系中,本文对剪切部分的线性弛豫近似和线性硬化效应作了简化讨论,其中对动态和静态的加载、卸载过程讨论的更多一些,从而得到一个适合于弹-粘塑性材料以及加载、卸载过程都可用的本构关系,并将其用于一维平面波的传播过程,计算了飞板碰靶后应力、应变的分布,结果同等人的工作相符。     

在弹-粘塑性材料中平面波传播的初步研究

在材料的应力应变关系中,本文对剪切部分的线性弛豫近似和线性硬化效应作了简化讨论,其中对动态和静态的加载、卸载过程讨论的更多一些,从而得到一个适合于弹-粘塑性材料以及加载、卸载过程都可用的本构关系,并将其用于一维平面波的传播过程,计算了飞板碰靶后应力、应变的分布,结果同等人的工作相符。     

超静定连续梁弹塑性过程分析的单位荷载法

讨论了分析超静定连续梁弹塑性受力和变形全过程的单位荷载法,运用该方法分析了集中荷载作用下一次超静定两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载和变形全过程．根据受力变形的特点,集中荷载作用下两跨连续梁的弹塑性加载过程可分为四个阶段,分别是弹性阶段、集中荷载作用点附近塑性区扩展阶段、集中荷载作用点保持为塑性铰而附近区域线性卸载阶段、两跨连接点附近塑性区扩展直至形成第二个塑性铰阶段．给出了加载过程中各阶段的弯矩内力和竖向位移随外荷载而变化的解析公式．研究结果表明：在相同的单跨荷载工况下,连续梁的变形过程不同于单跨一次超静定梁,其塑性铰形成顺序不同,静定结构形成顺序不同,但塑性极限破坏荷载相同．     

混凝土材料的层裂特性

利用Hopkinson压杆作为实验设备,通过试件后面吸收杆上应变波形研究了混凝土材料的层裂特性。不同强度混凝土在不同加载率下的实验结果表明,混凝土层裂强度与其压缩强度以及加载速率有关,给出了层裂强度和压缩强度以及加载率之间关系的经验公式,并指出不同加载速度下混凝土裂纹扩展方式不同是层裂强度率效应的主要原因。加载压缩波损伤的影响、重复加载实验以及多次层裂的顺序都表明,损伤对混凝土的层裂过程有重要影响。     

航空铆钉动态加载失效实验

为研究航空铆钉连接元件在动态加载下的失效模式,依托高速液压伺服材料试验机,通过特殊设计的实验夹具,进行了6类航空铆钉在不同加载速度和不同加载模式下的动态失效实验,获得了铆钉元件在纯拉伸加载、纯剪切加载、30°拉-剪耦合加载和60°拉-剪耦合加载状态下的失效实验数据。实验结果表明,铆钉元件的失效模式和失效载荷与加载速度、载荷的作用形式密切相关,并基于实验结果拟合得到铆钉元件的失效本构参数,获得了可表征铆钉在一般情形下失效的本构方程。     

多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命估算方法

现代工业的发展使得更多的构件承受着复杂的载荷形式, 将单轴疲劳模型应用到多轴载荷情况已不能满足现代工业的设计要求, 多轴随机载荷下的疲劳寿命计算日益引起人们的重视. 多轴随机载荷的寿命预测中, 如何计算载荷循环次数是其基础,目前广泛使用的是雨流计数方法, 现在已能成功的应用于多轴载荷的情况. 累积的疲劳损伤分析在各种构件和结构的载荷历史中都起着重要的作用. 自从线性损伤律提出以来已发展了数十种损伤律, 变幅载荷引起的疲劳损伤可以由许多不同的累积损伤律来计算, 虽然发展了许多损伤模型, 由于问题的复杂性, 每个模型的应用范围也是随具体情况而定. 线性损伤律方法尽管有很多不足之处, 但在设计使用中仍占有重要的位置. 两载荷水平及模式下的损伤累积以及损伤与物理机制的关系在本文中也做了介绍. 针对近年来提出的描述多轴随机载荷下疲劳寿命估算方法进行了详细的评述, 对各模型的应用范围和预测能力进行了讨论, 并对今后的工作提出了建议.      

弱界面复合材料的简化塑性模型

本文研究线弹簧型弱界面颗粒增强复合材料,在比例加载条件下的简化塑性模型。利用Ｍｏｒｉ－Ｔａｎａｋａ模型,得到弱界面复合材料的割线弹塑性模量和有效应力,进而通过算例讨论了界面柔度对复合材料宏观应力应变曲线的影响。     

Uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature: experiments and simulations

The uniaxial and non-proportionally multiaxial ratcheting behaviors of SS304 stainless steel at room temperature were initially researched by experiment and then were theoretically described by a cyclic constitutive model in the framework of unified visco-plasticity. The effects of cyclic stress amplitude, mean stress, and their histories on the ratcheting were experimentally investigated under uniaxial and different multiaxial loading paths. The shapes of non-proportional loading paths were linear, circular, elliptical and rhombic, respectively. In the constitutive model, the rate-dependent behavior of the material was reflected by a viscous term; the cyclic flow and cyclic hardening behaviors of the material under asymmetrical stress-controlled cycling were reflected by the evolution rules of kinematic hardening back stress and isotropic deforming resistance, respectively. The effect of loading history on the ratcheting was also considered by introducing two fading memorization functions for maximum inelastic strain amplitude and isotropic deformation resistance, respectively, into the constitutive model. The effect of multiaxial loading path on the ratcheting was reflected by a non-proportional factor defined in this work. The predicting ability of the developed model was proved to be good by comparing the simulations with corresponding experiments.     

THE ELASTO-PLASTIC STRAIN ANALYSIS OF NOTCHED PLATE UNDER CYCLIC LOADING—AN APPLICATION OF PLASTIC ANISOTROPIC HARDENING THEORY

In order to predict the life of engineering structures, it is necessary to investigate the strain distribution in notched members. In general, the Bauschinger Effect of materials under cyclic loading is not negligible, and so the anisotropic hardening model has been suggested. From the comparison between the calculated and experimental results in this paper, we can see that even the linear kinematic hardening model is quite suitable for strain analysis under cyclic loading.     

Path-dependence of the forming limit stresses in a sheet metal

The effect of changing strain paths on the forming limit stresses of sheet metals is investigated using the Marciniak–Kuczyński model and a phenomenological plasticity model with non-normality effects [Kuroda, M., Tvergaard, V., 2001. A phenomenological plasticity model with non-normality effects representing observations in crystal plasticity. J. Mech. Phys. Solids 49, 1239–1263]. Forming limits are simulated for linear stress paths and two types of combined loading: a combined loading consisting of two linear stress paths in which unloading is included between the first and second loadings (combined loading A), and combined loading in which the strain path is abruptly changed without unloading (combined loading B). The forming limit stresses calculated for combined loading A agree well with those calculated for the linear stress paths, while the forming limit curves in strain space depend strongly on the strain paths. The forming limit stresses calculated for the combined loading B do not, however, coincide with those calculated for the linear stress paths. The strain-path dependence of the forming limit stress is discussed in detail by observing the strain localization process.     

多工况作用下空间桁架结构拓扑优化的修正单纯形方法

本文以内力为设计变量，构造了多工况作用下空间桁架结构拓扑优化的凸二次规划模型，利用其Ｋ－Ｔ条件形成了关于内力，松弛和Ｋ－Ｔ乘子的线性互补问题。用修正单纯形方法求解。     

Cyclic ratchetting of 1070 steel under multiaxial stress states

Cyclic ratchetting behavior of 1070 steel is studied under proportional and nonproportional loading with specific emphasis on the ratchetting rate decay mechanisms for large numbers of loading cycles. Under proportional loading, where the principal stress directions are unchanged, the ratchetting evolves in the mean stress direction. Under nonproportional loading, however, the ratchetting direction is determined by the loading path and can be different from the mean stress direction. The ratchetting rate decreases with increasing loading cycles, displaying a power law relationship with the number of loading cycles. The experimental ratchetting results indicate that under cyclic loading the material exhibits a tendency toward complying with a linear hardening rule with concomitant hysteresis loop closure. Based on the fundamental framework of plasticity theory and detailed evaluation of the stress-strain behaviors, the ratchetting can be classified into two basic types; Type I, which is identifiable with proportional loading where the ratchetting is due to the different values of the plastic modulus function at the symmetric loading points with respect to the mean stress state, and Type II, which represents nonproportional loading where the ratchetting is driven by the noncoincidence of the plastic strain rate vector and the translation direction of the yield surface (backstress rate vector). The Armstrong-Frederick-based plasticity models modified by Chaboche et al. and Bower are ill-suited for describing the experimental results of both types of ratchetting. The Ohno-Wang model, which introduces a threshold concept, can account for the ratchetting rate decay of Type II ratchetting, providing results that agree with experimental observations. Modification may be needed for the Ohno-Wang model so that the model can better describe Type I ratchetting.     

砂土的应力路径本构模型

将微元应力路径线性逼近,转变成与其充分接近且易于计算应变的等平均应力微元和等应力比微元,计算任意加荷应力路径所产生的塑性应变,建立了双屈服面的砂土应力路径本构模型．模型体现了岩土塑性理论分量屈服和非关联流动法则的要求,在p,q平面内根据双线性的屈服线确定了加卸载准则．结合广义非线性强度理论采用变换应力三维化方法简单、合理地使模型实现三维化．通过试验数据的验证表明,砂土应力路径本构模型可以合理地描述各种应力路径下砂土的变形和强度特性。     

Thermo-mechanical large deformation response and constitutive modeling of viscoelastic polymers over a wide range of strain rates and temperatures

A phenomenological one-dimensional constitutive model, characterizing the complex and highly nonlinear finite thermo-mechanical behavior of viscoelastic polymers, is developed in this investigation. This simple differential form model is based on a combination of linear and nonlinear springs with dashpots, incorporating typical polymeric behavior such as shear thinning, thermal softening at higher temperatures and nonlinear dependence on deformation and loading rate. Another model, of integral form, namely the modified superposition principle (MSP), is also modified further and used to show the advantage of the newly developed model over MSP. The material parameters for both models are determined for Adiprene-L100, a polyurethane based rubber. The constants once determined are then utilized to predict the behavior under strain rate jump compression, multiple step stress relaxation loading experiment and free end torsion experiments. The new constitutive model shows very good agreement with the experimental data for Adiprene-L100 for the various finite loading paths considered here and provides a flexible framework for a three-dimensional generalization.     

Non-linear vibration analysis of an elastic plate subjected to heavy fluid loading in magnetic field

In the present study, the non-linear vibration of an elastic plate subjected to heavy fluid loading in an inclined magnetic field is investigated. The structural non-linearity, fluid non-linearity, and the effects of magnetic field are all incorporated in the formulations to derive the governing equation of the plate. The method of multiple scales is adopted to determine the eigenvalues and mode shapes of the linear vibration, and then the amplitude of the non-linear vibration response of the plate is calculated. Based on the assumptions of ordering and formulations of multiple scales, it can be concluded that the linear dynamic behavior of the plate under heavy fluid loading but weak near-resonant loading is influenced by the effects of the fluid loading, linear structural rigidity and linear magnetic field, furthermore, the non-linear dynamic behavior of the plate under heavy fluid loading but weak near-resonant loading is dominated and controlled by the effects of the fluid loading, non-linear structural rigidity and non-linear magnetic field. Both thick and thin plates are investigated; the contributions due to the structural non-linearity and acoustic linear radiation damping are of the same order for a rather thick plate. For a thin plate, the structural non-linearity completely controls the behavior of the plate, which implies that in this case the effect of fluid loading is considerably negligible. In general, it can be concluded that both the effects of magnetic field and structural non-linearity play important roles only on the first few modes of the plate.