长白山白眉蝮蛇血凝酶的分离纯化研究

摘 要 目的：建立一种分离纯化长白山白眉蝮蛇血凝酶的方法。方法: 先后采用分子筛层析法、离子交换色谱法、肝素 Sepharose亲和层析法从长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化得到一种具有有凝血活性的酶成分,并采用SDS-Page法、RP-HPLC法测定其纯度,凝胶电泳法(SDS-Page)考察其对牛纤维蛋白原的作用方式、高效空间排阻色谱法（HPSEC）测定其相对分子质量,等电聚焦电泳分析法（IEF）测定其等电点,Lowry法测定其蛋白浓度。结果: 从长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离纯化了一种凝血酶成分,SDS-Page显示为一条带,HPLC得到单一的色谱峰,该酶只作用于纤维蛋白原的α链,其相对分子质量为32.2 kD,等电点为5.21,此酶具有体外凝血活性。结论:该方法可用于长白山白眉蝮蛇血凝酶的分离纯化。     

长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒纤溶酶的纯化

从长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中纯化具有溶栓功效的纤溶酶。方法：用 ＤＥＡＥ Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ５０离子交换、Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ｇ７５凝胶过滤层析和 ＤＥＡＥ Ｓｅｐｈａｄｅｘ Ａ ５０三步柱层析分离方法,对长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒进行分离纯化,得到了一种纤溶酶活性组分。结果：经ＳＤＳ－聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳和基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱表征该酶为单一蛋白,其分子量为 ２３．３６７ ｋＤ。结论：为进一步研究其结构和功能提供了可靠依据。     

白眉蝮蛇蛇毒纤溶酶的分离纯化

目的用白眉蝮蛇蛇毒分离纯化纤溶酶。方法利用离子交换层析、亲和层析、分子筛层析技术进行分离纯化纤溶酶。结果得到了电泳纯的纤溶酶,其相对分子质量为24000。结论该工艺可以快速地分离纯化白眉蝮蛇蛇毒纤溶酶：     

短尾蝮蛇毒中磷脂结合抗凝蛋白的急性毒性实验

近年来,国内外的学者们对蝮蛇毒进行大量的研究,了解到蝮蛇毒中主要含有精氨酸酯酶、类凝血酶、激肽释放酶、纤溶酶和磷脂酶A2,并以富含精氨酸酯酶为特征,而类凝血酶、激肽释放酶和纤溶酶一般都具有精氨酸酯酶活力。我国在70年代后期开始研制蛇毒酶制剂,主要作为抗凝剂治疗血栓性疾病。分别有以下几种:东北白眉蝮蛇毒为原料制成的“蝮蛇清栓酶”;以江浙蝮蛇毒为原料制成的“蝮蛇抗栓酶”和以尖吻蝮蛇毒为原料制成的“蕲蛇毒去纤酶”。这几种酶制剂,虽然商品名称不同但均为非纯化成分,主要有效成分均为精氨酸酯酶,纯度不高[1]。本试验对短尾…     

蛇毒降纤酶多克隆抗体的制备及其某些性质

为制备长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒降纤酶的多克隆抗体 ,以期获得酶免疫测定所需的反应试剂 ,供药剂学的研究应用。经免疫兔获得高效价的抗长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒降纤酶的抗血清 ,以环状沉淀反应、琼脂免疫双扩散 ,以及酶联免疫吸附法 ,验证了产生的抗体。免疫双扩散及ELISA测定的结果表明 ,长白山白眉蝮蛇蛇毒降纤酶与日本克栓酶有着不同的抗原决定簇结构。 3只兔的抗血清以 1∶7 2万的倍数稀释时 ,其在ELISA测定中的光密度 (OD4 90nm)仍比空白对照高出 0 2以上 ,具有较高效价 ;该抗体与精制蝮蛇抗栓酶有一定的交叉反应 (比率为 0 0 2 4) ,与江浙蝮蛇蛇毒粗品及日本克栓酶间的交叉反应微小 (比率小于 0 0 0 1) ,具有较好特异性     

蝮蛇蛇毒类凝血酶的研究

为研制蝮蛇抗栓酶的换代产品，开发单一组分的类凝血酶制剂。采用离子交换和亲和层析等现代纯化方法，从东北白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中分离出了单一组分的类凝血酶。半成品经高效液相色谱凝胶柱测定，纯度大于90％，最高可达97.94％，分子量38200D，SDS－PAGE电泳测定为一条带，分子量为42100D，活性为1137BU／mg，比活性为1705BU／mg·pro，不含出血毒和神经毒，冻干成品制剂全部符合注射用品标准。     

短尾蝮蛇毒纤溶酶原激活剂的分离纯化及活性测定

目的从短尾蝮蛇毒中分离纯化纤溶酶原激活剂(plasminogen activator of Gloydius brevicaudus venom,GBV-PA),对其理化性质及部分生物活性进行研究。方法应用苯甲脒-琼脂糖凝胶(Benzamidine Sepharose6B)亲和层析及Lichrospher C18反相层析柱进行分离纯化,应用SDS-PAGE测定分子量、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳测定等电点,以发色底物法测定生物活性。结果通过亲和层析、反相层析等方法可从短尾蝮蛇毒中分离纯化出纤溶酶原激活剂至电泳纯以上,其相对分子质量约为32.6×103,等电点约为5.2,能特异激活人纤溶酶原为纤溶酶,其比活性为2.87t-PA IU.mg-1;该酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶,对纤维蛋白无亲和性。结论应用亲和层析和反相层析可从短尾蝮蛇毒获得一种纤溶酶原激活剂;该酶为丝氨酸蛋白酶,对纤维蛋白无亲和性。     

蝮蛇毒纤溶酶的分离纯化及其制剂的临床应用

目的:采用凝胶电泳法分离纯化长白山白眉蝮蛇毒纤溶酶并将其制剂应用于临床。方法:采用DEAE- Sepharose CL-6B和Heparin CL-6B层析方法,从蝮蛇毒中分离纯化纤溶酶,通过临床应用分析成品制剂的治疗效果。结果:蝮蛇毒纤溶酶经HPLC为单一峰,等电聚焦电泳为一条带,其等电点为4．55,经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得分子量为29．4kD,将其成品制剂应用于临床,结果表明有效减少了缺血性脑血管病血栓的形成,使缺血部位迅速恢复功能。     

白眉蝮蛇蛇毒的分离纯化及综合利用

目的促进蛇毒的有效、综合利用。方法在分离纯化白眉蝮蛇蛇毒中降纤酶的试验过程中,同时分离纤溶酶。结果主要成分降纤酶的回收率为55.80%,纤溶酶的回收率为20.40%。结论该方法实现了对蛇毒宝贵资源的综合利用,为其综合开发利用探索了一条有效途径。     

正交试验法筛选蝮蛇抗栓酶活力测定条件

蝮蛇抗栓酶(ahylysantinfarctase)系从东北陆生白眉短尾蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys)蛇毒中分得的以精氨酸酯酶为主的酶制剂。临床用于脑血栓、血栓闭塞性脉管炎等疾病。其酶活力测定有紫外法、比色法和荧光     

三种蛇毒类凝血酶对纤维蛋白原的作用方式

目的以纤维蛋白原为底物,考察巴西矛头蝮蛇(Bothrops atrox)、尖吻蝮蛇(Agkistrodon acutus)、长白白眉蝮蛇(Agkistrodon halys pullas)3种蛇毒类凝血酶对纤维蛋白原的作用方式。方法采用SDS-PAGE及RP-HPLC法对作用结果进行检测。结果 3种蛇毒类凝血酶对纤维蛋白原的作用方式不完全相同,巴西矛头蝮蛇、尖吻蝮蛇2种蛇毒类凝血酶只作用于纤维蛋白原的α链,对β、γ链则无作用,长白白眉蝮蛇毒类凝血酶起初作用于纤维蛋白原的β链,对α链作用较弱,随着时间的延长对α链作用增强,对γ链无作用。结论巴西矛头蝮蛇、尖吻蝮蛇2种蛇毒类凝血酶属于SVTLE-A型,而长白白眉蝮蛇毒类凝血酶则属于SVTLE-AB型。     

短尾蝮蛇毒中磷脂结合抗凝蛋白的分离纯化及鉴定

目的从短尾蝮蛇毒中分离纯化一种抗凝蛋白,并对其生化性质进行研究。方法利用阳、阴离子交换、凝胶过滤的方法分离纯化这种抗凝蛋白,用活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)测定其抗凝活性,用SDS-PAGE测定其蛋白相对分子量,用等电聚焦法测定蛋白的等电点.用薄层析方法确定抗凝蛋白与磷脂酰胆碱结合。结果从短尾蝮蛇中分离纯化出的抗凝蛋白是二聚体,相对分子量为24.0×103(非还原)和14.6×103(还原)。等电点为pH 5.2。该蛋白具有精氨酸酯酶活性,能明显地延长活化的部分凝血活酶时间(APTT),其抗凝活性与磷脂结合有关。结论此方法成功地从短尾蝮蛇毒中纯化出一种抗凝蛋白。因其能够与磷脂结合,又具有明显的抗凝活性,因此把该蛋白称为磷脂结合抗凝蛋白(phospholip id-b ind ing anticoagu lation prote in,PBAP)。     

蝮蛇毒纤溶酶的分离纯化及性质研究

目的 :寻找一种分离纯化蝮蛇毒纤溶酶的工艺并研究其理化性质。方法 :采用DEAE SepharoseCL 6B和HeparinCL 6B层析方法 ,从蝮蛇毒中分离纯化纤溶酶。结果 :蝮蛇毒纤溶酶经HPLC为单一峰 ,等电聚焦电泳为一条带 ,其等电点为 4.5 5 ,经SDS 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳测得分子量为 2 9.4kD。该酶对热不稳定 ,在 pH6～ 9时稳定 ,氨基酸组成分析表明含酸性氨基酸较多。结论 :用此工艺可制得高纯度的蝮蛇毒纤溶酶。     

降纤酶研究进展

降纤酶(Defibrase)是从尖吻蝮蛇Agkistrodon acutus和长白山白眉蝮蛇Agkistrodon halys ussuriensis蛇毒中提取分离得到的一种类凝血酶。具有显著的去纤、降粘、溶栓等作用,广泛地应用于临床治疗和预防心脑血管血栓性疾病。对降纤酶的生化性质与结构、生产制备、药理作用与临床应用以及质量分析与控制等方面的研究进行了综述。     

Expression, purification and biochemical characterization of a recombinant phospholipase A2, with anticoagulant activity from Agkistrodon halys Pallas

A cloned cDNA encoding a PLA2 from Agkistrodon halys Pallas was found to have conservative residues Glu53 and Trp70 but with Lys56 and Lys67 substituted by Thr56 and Asp67, respectively, when compared with sequences of other class II PLA2 with anticoagulant activity. It was inserted into a temperature-sensitive bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in Escherichia coli RR1. The protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies and recovered by centrifugation after enzyme digestion. By washing to partial purification, the expression product was refolded and was purified by FPLC superose 12 to appear as a single band in SDS-PAGE. The recombinant protein proved to have obvious enzymatic, anticoagulant and hemolytic activities, which were removed after modification by p-BPB. These findings suggest that the pharmacological activities of this recombinant PLA2 may be related to its catalytic activity and warrant further research on the structure-function relationships of the pharmacological site of the PLA2 from Agkistrodon halys Pallas.     

Purification and characterization of calobin II, a second type of thrombin-like enzyme from Agkistrodon caliginosus (Korean viper).

In our previous report, we purified and cloned the gene of a thrombin-like enzyme, calobin, from the venom of Agkistrodon caliginosus (Hahn, B.S., Yang, K.Y., Park, E.M., Chang, I.M., Kim, Y. S., 1996. Purification and molecular cloning of calobin, a thrombin-like enzyme from Agkistrodon caliginosus (Korean viper). J. Biochem. 119, 835-843.). During the purification of calobin, a second type of thrombin-like protease was found and it was purified using Affi-Gel Blue and Mono-S cation-exchange chromatography. It was identified as a serine protease with a molecular weight of 41, 000 on SDS-PAGE and its isoelectric point was determined to be 7.4 by isoelectric focusing. It showed little azocaseinolytic and fibrinolytic activity. However, this enzyme acted on fibrinogen to form fibrin with a specific activity of 7,587 NIH equivalent units and also exhibited arginine esterase activity. Amino acid sequencing of the N-terminal region established a primary structure composed of Val-Ile-Gly-Gly-Asp-Glu-Cys-Asn-Ile-Asn-Glu-His-Arg-Phe-Leu-Val-Ala-X -Tyr. This sequence was entirely consistent with that of calobin and showed a high homology with other thrombin-like enzymes, such as ancrod, batroxobin and gyroxin. Based on the biochemical properties such as molecular weight and isoelectric point, we can demonstrate a second thrombin-like protein showing a high potent clotting activity from the venom of Korean viper.     

Agacutase体外水解牛纤维蛋白原机制的研究(英文)

Agacutase是自尖吻蝮蛇蛇毒中分离出的新的具有止血功能的蛇毒类凝血酶,它能够将纤维蛋白原转化为纤维蛋白单体。通过SDS-PAGE和ELISA方法,我们研究了Agacutase体外水解牛纤维蛋白原的分子机制。实验结果显示,Agacutase仅仅水解牛纤维蛋白原的α亚基并释放血纤肽A,而对牛纤维蛋白原的β和/或γ亚基没有影响。研究表明Agacutase属于血纤肽A类(FP-A类型)的类凝血酶。     

~(125)I尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血样酶在兔体内的药物动力学

~(125)Ⅰ标记尖吻蝮蛇毒凝血样酶,放化纯95.5％和比放射性188.7 MBq/mg。 兔iv ~(125)Ⅰ-TLE后,血放射性—时间曲线符合二室模型,算出药物动力学参数。组织分布以肾、胆、肝的放射性最高。     

Characterization of a thrombin-like serine protease, Kangshuanmei, isolated from the venom of a Chinese snake, Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger

An enzyme, referred to as Kangshuanmei, was isolated from the venom of the Chinese snake Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus stejneger by gel filtration chromatography followed by affinity chromatography. Kangshuanmei is composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of approximately 34,000, estimated by SDS-PAGE. The enzyme hydrolyzed both benzoyl-arginine ethyl ester and H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-p-nitroanilide, specific substrates for thrombin. The protease activity of Kangshuanmei was inhibited by 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzensulfonyl fluoride, but was not affected by EDTA. The enzyme acted on human fibrinogen to form a fibrin clot and released three fragments. These fragments were shown to be fibrinopeptide A, fibrinopeptide B, and the Bbeta1-42 peptide of fibrinogen, respectively. These results indicate that Kangshuanmei is a thrombin-like serine protease with coagulant activity. However, the enzyme did not induce activation of blood coagulation factor XIII, unlike thrombin. Moreover, antithrombin-III, the specific thrombin inhibitor in plasma, had no inhibitory effect on the thrombin-like amidolytic activity of Kangshuanmei. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the enzyme up to 50 residues was determined by a peptide sequencer. The N-terminal sequence of Kangshuanmei was highly homologous to most thrombin-like serine proteases from the venom of the snakes of the crotalidae family.     

液相色谱分离纯化五步蛇毒凝血酶样酶

目的：改进分离工艺，找到液相色谱分离纯化五步蛇毒中凝血酶样酶的最佳方案。方法：五步蛇毒依次经SuperdexG75凝胶过滤、DEAE．SephroseF．F阴离子交换和SuperdexG30凝胶过滤，通过改变洗脱液pH值、流速、Tris浓度、盐浓度及上样量来考察对分离纯化五步蛇毒中凝血酶样酶的影响。结果：Superdex75凝胶过滤色谱分离纯化受洗脱液流速、Tris浓度、盐浓度、pH值、上样量的影响；DEAE—SephroseF．FN离子交换色谱受盐浓度的影响：SuperdexG30凝胶过滤色谱受上样量的影响。三步分离纯化后获得一种五步蛇毒凝血酶样酶，分子量约23kD。结论：依次经SuperdexG75、DEAE—SephroseF．F和SuperdexG30凝胶，通过改变洗脱液流速、Tris浓度、盐浓度、pH值、上样量等能得到最佳分离条件．最终可获得五步蛇毒凝血酶样酶的纯品。