深圳市宝安区儿童青少年含糖饮料摄入状况与近视的关联

目的 分析含糖饮料摄入频率与儿童青少年近视的关联及学段差异。方法 分层整群抽取深圳市宝安区西乡、松岗、石岩、福永、沙井、新安6个街道14所学校30 188名儿童青少年，采用问卷调查中小学生人口特征、是否近视及近1个月含糖饮料摄入频率。采用χ²检验和logistic回归模型分析不同含糖饮料摄入频率与儿童青少年近视的关联。结果 30 188名儿童青少年，近视率为49.8%。控制性别、学段、父母文化程度、父母近视后，logistic分析结果显示，与几乎不喝含糖饮料相比，每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料、含糖咖啡饮料的儿童青少年近视OR(95%CI)值分别为1.18(1.07～1.31)、1.16(1.06～1.27)和1.25(1.09～1.42)。按学段分层分析结果显示，小学1～3年级学生每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料和含糖咖啡饮料的近视OR(95%CI)值分别为2.32(1.37～3.93)、2.29(1.38～3.80)和6.14(2.75～13.71);小学4～6年级学生每周摄入≥4次含糖碳酸饮料、含糖茶饮料和含糖咖啡饮料的近视OR(95%CI)值...     

辅助生殖女性孕早期膳食摄入频率与抑郁症状的关联研究

目的 探索接受辅助生殖技术（assisted reproductive technology,ART）女性孕早期膳食摄入频率与抑郁症状的关联性，为ART女性的孕期保健提供参考依据。方法 以中国国家出生队列·辅助生殖技术子代胚胎源性疾病队列研究（China National Birth Cohort,CNBC）项目招募的1 211例ART孕早期女性为研究对象，使用流调中心用抑郁自评量表评估抑郁症状、食物摄入频率问卷评估膳食摄入情况，采用多因素logistic回归评估ART女性孕早期抑郁症状与膳食摄入频率的关联。结果 CNBC中ART女性孕早期抑郁症状患病率为32.62%。调整混杂因素后，logistic多因素分析结果显示，孕早期抑郁与蔬菜摄入频率低于7 d/周（a OR=1.97,95%CI=1.1.50～2.60），与新鲜水果摄入频率低于7 d/周（a OR=1.58,95%CI=1.15～2.17），与畜禽肉类摄入频率低于7 d/周（a OR=1.86,95%CI=1.42～2.45），与蛋类摄入频率低于7 d/周（a OR=1.48,95%CI=1.15～1.91），与奶类摄入频率...     

成人社区获得性肺炎患病危险因素的研究

摘要:目的　探讨社区获得性肺炎（Community-Acquired Pneumonia;CAP）患病的相关危险因素,为制定社区获得性肺炎防治策略和措施提供科学依据。方法　以2013年3-10月罗湖区人民医院14岁以上132例社区获得性肺炎住院患者为病例组,以同时期在该院普外科住院,并且年龄、性别、居住社区与病例匹配的132例非肺炎病例为对照组,采用自制问卷调查人口学特征、基础疾病、生活习惯、环境因素等信息,采用条件Logistic回归方法分析社区获得性肺炎患病危险因素。结果　共招募病例和对照各132名,看护6岁以下小孩（OR＝5.797,95%CI:2.809～11.965）、高血压（OR＝4.425,95%CI:1.619～12.092）、住房通风不佳（OR＝5.458,95%CI:2.022～14.738）、吸烟≥20年（OR＝3.832,95%CI:1.248～11.772）、月收入≥6 000（OR＝3.242,95%CI:1.085～5.648）、劳累（OR＝3.242,95%CI:1.341～7.839）是CAP的危险因素,锻炼（OR＝0.434,95%CI:0.235～0.800）是CAP的保护因素。结论　深圳市成人社区获得性肺炎患病受住房通风、看护6岁以下小孩、劳累、高收入以及吸烟习惯等多个因素影响,具有这些特征的成人应注意锻炼,加强对CAP的预防。     

流动青少年上网时间与艾滋病相关知识、态度与行为关联性

目的探讨网络使用时间与流动青少年艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为的关系。方法 2009-06/09在南充市城区,采用方便抽样,用自制问卷对15～24岁的未婚流动青少年进行调查。用描述性统计方法对相关情况进行描述分析,用非条件logistic回归和等级logistic回归进行影响因素分析。结果共回收有效问卷574份,其中,97.0%的调查对象上网。流动青少年上网时间越长对艾滋病相关知识的认知水平越高（OR：1.26,95%CI：1.01～1.56）,对高危性行为持支持态度的可能性越大（OR：1.50,95%CI：1.12～2.00）,发生高危性行为的风险越大（OR：1.35,95%CI：1.01～1.82）,与网友发生性关系的可能性也越大（OR：1.54,95%CI：1.03～2.29）;上网时间与最近1次性行为安全套使用率（OR：0.88,95%CI：0.59～1.32）和最近1年性行为安全套使用频率（OR：0.839,5%CI：0.59～1.17）均无统计学关联。结论流动青少年艾滋病相关知识、态度和行为与网络使用时间存在关联,通过网络平台对流动青少年进行干预有必要进一步的研究。     

营养不良风险与学龄前儿童睡眠问题的关联研究

目的 探讨学龄前儿童营养不良风险与睡眠问题发生风险的关系。方法 通过整群抽样，以合肥市5896名3～5岁学龄前儿童为研究对象，利用家长问卷收集人口学特征和生活方式、儿童睡眠习惯问卷评价睡眠问题、全球饮食质量评分评估营养不良风险。采用多因素logistic回归分析营养不良风险、食物摄入频率与睡眠问题发生风险的关系。结果 本研究中营养不良中、高风险的儿童占目标人群的49.2%、25.0%，平均睡眠时长不达标、总体睡眠质量不良的发生率为56.5%、8.9%。与营养不良风险高风险组比，中风险组和低风险组的睡眠质量不良（中风险组:OR=0.60，95%CI:0.49～0.74；低风险组:OR=0.44，95%CI:0.34～0.58）、睡眠时长不达标（中风险组:OR=0.83，95%CI:0.73～0.94；低风险组:OR=0.61，95%CI:0.52～0.70）发生风险均显著降低。动物血制品（OR=0.79，95%CI:0.64～0.98）、红黄色蔬菜（OR=0.91,95%CI:0.85～0.98）、奶及奶制品（OR=0.91,95%CI:0.86～0.97）摄入频率增加，糖类（OR=1.28,95%CI:1.14～1.44）和含糖饮料（OR=1.27,95%CI:1.12～1.45）摄入频率降低与睡眠问题发生率减少有关。结论 学龄前儿童营养不良风险更低与睡眠质量更好相关，提示改善饮食质量可能促进学龄前儿童睡眠。     

贵州省黔东南地区少数民族居民饮食因素与代谢相关脂肪性肝病患病的关联分析

目的 了解贵州省黔东南地区少数民族居民代谢相关脂肪性肝病（metabolism - associated fatty liver disease, MAFLD）患病现状及与饮食因素间的关系。方法 通过现场调查方式对贵州省黔东南地区 30～79 岁的10 810名苗族侗族人群进行问卷调查和体格检查,二元logistic回归分析该地区MAFLD的饮食影响因素。结果 当地人群MAFLD患病率为14.93%。腊肉摄入频率达到每月均吃（OR = 1.28,95%CI:1.02～1.61）以及腌制蔬菜（OR = 1.39,95%CI:1.11～1.73）和油茶（OR = 1.35,95%CI:1.16～1.57）的摄入频率＞2次/月时均可能会增加MAFLD的患病风险,而食用白酸汤（OR = 0.76,95%CI:0.64～0.90）和蕨菜（OR = 0.80,95%CI:0.65～0.99）的摄入频率＞2次/月则均会降低MAFLD患病风险。结论 过量频率的腊肉、腌制蔬菜以及油茶摄入可能会增加苗族侗族人群MAFLD的患病风险,而摄入适量的蕨菜、白酸汤则可能对该病有益。     

沈阳市初中生超重肥胖和含糖饮料摄入关联性分析

了解青少年超重肥胖、含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverages,SSBs)摄入情况及其相互关系,为采取针对性的肥胖防治措施提供住依据.方法 分层随机整群抽取沈阳市某区12所中学2 788名14~15岁初中生进行营养状况评价,收集1 928份血液样品,实验室检测三酰甘油(triglyceride,TG)、总胆固醇(cholesterol,TCHO)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、血糖(blood glucose,GLU)、尿酸(uric acid,UA)、载脂蛋白A-1(Apolipoprotein A-1,ApoA-1)、载脂蛋白B类(ApolipoproteinsB,Apo-B)和脂蛋白(A){ lipoprotein (a),Lp[a]},问卷调查了解近1周的SSBs摄入情况.结果 33.9%的受调查对象为超重或肥胖.超重肥胖青少年TG、LDL-C、GLU、UA、Apo-B和冠状动脉粥样硬化风险指数均高于正常组,HDL-C低于正常组(P值均<0.01);超重肥胖男生的TCHO高于正常组,超重及肥胖女生的ApoA-1低于正常组(P值均<0.01).69.4%的青少年平时有喝SSBs的习惯,男生(75.5%)高于女生(64.0%) (x2=42.73,P<0.01).随着含糖饮料摄入的增加,收缩压和UA呈升高趋势;不同摄入频率组间TCHO、HDL-C和LDL-C及冠状动脉粥样硬化风险指数差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01).正常和超重肥胖女生组间SSBs摄入频率差异有统计学意义(x2=23.72,P<0.01),每周喝1~3瓶与肥胖之间关联有统计学意义(OR=1.27,95%CI=1.06~ 1.53).结论 初中生超重肥胖情况不容乐观,且含糖饮料摄入与超重肥胖存在一定关联.建议加强青少年健康教育,适当减少SSBs的消费.     

含糖饮料摄入模式与儿童肥胖关联的纵向研究

  目的  探讨童年期不同含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverages,SSBs)摄入模式对儿童肥胖的影响,旨在为预防和控制儿童超重或肥胖提供新的流行病学证据。  方法  采用方便抽样方法,于2016年在安徽省蚌埠市2所小学建立儿童随访队列,每年随访1次,共随访3次。基线有1 263名儿童参加调查,3次随访后最终有997名儿童纳入分析。通过自编父母问卷和学生问卷获得儿童基本信息及每日SSBs消费情况,应用群组轨迹模型(group-based trajectory modelling,GBTM)拟合童年期SSBs摄入模式发展轨迹,采用多元线性回归模型分析不同SSBs摄入模式与儿童肥胖的关联。  结果  GBTM拟合4种童年期SSBs摄入模式发展轨迹,分别命名为SSBs摄入持续较低组(822名)、先升后降组(20名)、渐降组(106名)和渐增组(49名)。SSBs摄入先升后降组和渐增组儿童基线及3次随访时的体质量指数(BMI)均高于持续较低组(F值分别为6.26,5.90,5.99和5.87,P值均＜0.01)。SSBs摄入模式与儿童BMI的关联存在性别差异。调整儿童基线BMI、父母BMI、肥胖遗传风险评分和体力活动等混杂因素后,在女童中,相比于SSBs摄入持续较低组,SSBs摄入渐增组女童第3次随访时BMI增加(B=1.20,95%CI=0.25~2.15,P=0.01);在男童中,未发现4组SSBs摄入模式与BMI关联存在统计学意义(P值均＞0.05)。  结论  儿童SSBs摄入模式与肥胖关联存在性别差异,SSBs摄入水平较高的女童肥胖风险显著增加。未来需更多研究探讨性别差异的生理机制,为儿童肥胖预防及干预措施的制定提供理论依据。     

XRCC1多态性与甲状腺癌易感性关系的Meta分析

摘要:目的　探讨X线修复交叉互补基因（XRCC1）与甲状腺癌易感性的关系。 方法　通过检索数据库,收集XRCC1多态性与甲状腺癌易感性相关的病例对照研究,对研究结果进行Meta分析。通过异质性检验选择固定效应模型或随机效应模型计算合并的比值比（OR值）及其95%置信区间（95%CI）,并进行敏感性分析和发表偏倚评估。 结果　本研究共纳入9篇文献（病例1 909例,对照2 891例）。XRCC1 Arg399Gln多态性与甲状腺癌无关（等位基因对比Arg vs. Gln:OR＝1.11,95%CI＝0.97～1.26）;XRCC1 Arg194Trp多态性与甲状腺癌无关（等位基因对比Arg vs. Trp:OR＝1.08,95%CI＝0.74～1.58）;XRCC1 Arg280His多态性与甲状腺癌无关（等位基因对比Arg vs. His:OR＝1.03,95%CI＝0.75～1.43）。亚组分析中,XRCC1多态性与美洲人群甲状腺癌易感性有关联（Arg399Gln等位基因对比OR＝0.70,95%CI＝0.56～0.89;Arg194Trp等位基因对比OR＝1.49,95%CI＝1.02～2.17）,XRCC1多态性与高加索人群甲状腺癌易感性有关联（隐性模型:OR＝1.43,95%CI＝1.10～2.00）。 结论　XRCC1基因多态性与甲状腺癌的易感性无明显关联。但在美洲人群和高加索人群中,XRCC1多态性和甲状腺癌的易感性相关。     

贵州省男性主要少数民族骨量异常的影响因素探讨

目的 探索贵州省男性主要少数民族骨量异常的影响因素,为骨量异常的防控提供参考依据。 方法 基于中国多民族队列,采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法调查贵州省苗族、布依族、侗族男性共5 727名。采用随机森林算法、非条件logistic回归和限制性立方样条回归探讨骨量异常的影响因素。结果 骨量异常重要的前5名的因素依次是职业、午睡时长、年龄、BMI、静态行为。布依族（OR＝1.223,95%CI:1.065～1.405）、年龄≥50岁（OR＝1.254,95%CI:1.038～1.515）、吸烟（OR＝1.191,95%CI:1.060～1.338）、有关节炎（OR＝1.259,95%CI:1.001～1.583）和有骨折史（OR＝1.528,95%CI:1.227～1.902）可能是骨量异常的危险因素。而农林牧渔劳动者（OR＝0.787,95%CI:0.626～0.990）、午睡时长≥90分钟（OR＝0.725,95%CI:0.612～0.858）、中水平体力活动（OR＝0.818,95%CI:0.708～0.946）和高水平体力活动（OR＝0.824,95%CI:0.696～0.975）可能是贵州省主要男性少数民族骨量异常的保护因素。BMI与骨量异常的患病关联强度呈非线性关系,业余静态行为时长与骨量异常的患病关联强度呈线性关系。结论 影响贵州省男性主要少数民族骨量异常的因素包括多方面,包括非可控因素和可控因素,建议加强对可控因素的管理以预防骨量异常的发生。     

学龄前儿童含糖饮料摄入与情绪行为问题的关联

目的 探讨学龄前儿童含糖饮料(sugar-sweetened beverages,SSBs)摄入情况及其与行为问题的关联,为儿童行为问题预防提供参考依据.方法 于2017年10-11月选择长江中下游流域的扬州、徐州、镇江3座城市,采取随机整群抽样的方法选取7634名3～6岁学龄前儿童为研究对象,通过对父母或监护人进行问...     

建成环境对南京市儿童青少年体力活动影响

目的 分析不同建成环境特征对江苏省南京地区儿童青少年体力活动水平的影响,为提高儿童青少年体力活动水平提供科学依据.方法 于2018年5-6月采用现况研究设计,使用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,选择南京市12个行政区4～12年级学生(9～17岁儿童青少年)共4 401人进行问卷调查,采用国际上通用体力活动居住环境量表(PANE...     

Association between adolescents’ consumption of total and different types of sugar‐sweetened beverages with oral health impacts and weight status

Objective: To examine the associations between adolescents’ intake of sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) with oral health impacts (OHI) and weight status. Methods: Cross‐sectional health survey with anthropometry and self‐report OHI (toothache and avoiding some foods because of oral problems) and SSB intake (fruit juice, flavoured water, soft, diet, sports and energy drinks) collected in 2015. Results: A total of 3,671 adolescents participated (50% girls; mean age 13.2 years ±1.7). Drinking ≥1cup/day of SSBs was consistently associated with higher odds of OHI compared with drinking <1cup/day: diet soft drinks (AOR, 5.21 95%CI 2.67, 10.18); sports drinks (AOR 3.60 95%CI 1.93, 6.73); flavoured water (AOR 3.07 95%CI 1.55, 6.06); and energy drinks (AOR 2.14 95%CI 1.44, 3.19). Daily SSB intake was not consistently associated with weight status. The odds of overweight/obesity (AOR 1.27 95%CI 1.01, 1.59) and obesity (AOR 1.61 95%CI 1.01, 2.57) were higher for energy drink consumption, compared with not drinking energy drinks; and the odds of abdominal obesity were twice as high among adolescents who drank ≥1cup/day of sports drinks, compared with <1cup/day intake. Conclusions: Daily consumption of SSBs is prevalent among adolescents and is consistently associated with higher odds of OHI. The most popular SSBs among adolescents were energy drinks. Different types of SSB were differentially associated with OHI and weight status. Implications for public health: Different types of SSBs were differentially associated with OHI and weight status in adolescents. Diet soft drinks and new generation SSBs such as energy and sport drinks and flavoured water had a greater impact on adolescents’ OHI compared with soft drinks and fruit juice.     

Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Consumption and Associated Factors among Northeastern Chinese Children

(1) Background: The present study aimed to investigate the association between home-related factors, community environmental factors, and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake among Northeastern Chinese children. (2) Methods: Cross-sectional. Children with complete data were included in the analysis (n = 901). A questionnaire modified according to BEVQ-15 measured the intake of SSBs. Logistic regression was applied to determine the factors associated with the consumption of SSBs. IBM SPSS Statistics 23.0 was applied to perform all statistical analyses. (3) Results: The mean total amount of SSBs consumed on a weekly basis was 2214.04 ± 2188.62 mL. Children’s weekly pocket money, frequency of SSBs purchase, SSBs availability at home, the number of accessible supermarkets, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were all found to be associated with a high intake of SSBs among all children. Among children of normal weight, the findings indicated that weekly pocket money, SSBs availability at home, and number of accessible supermarkets were associated with a high SSBs intake. At the same time, frequency of SSBs purchase, mother’s SSBs intake, and frequency of weekly visits to convenience stores were associated with a high SSBs intake among children with obesity. (4) Conclusions: Given the potential negative health effects of high SSBs intake, it is crucial to pay attention to home-related factors and community environment.     

安徽省中小学生含糖饮料摄入情况及与超重肥胖的关联

  目的  分析安徽省中小学生含糖饮料摄入情况及不同类型含糖饮料与超重肥胖的关联,为相关部门制定适宜的防控政策提供参考依据。  方法  于2020年10—11月,在安徽省34个县区内采用多阶段整群抽样方法抽取51 069名中小学生进行体格检查和问卷调查。采用主成分分析法提取含糖饮料的偏好模式,并采用Logistic回归模型分析含糖饮料偏好模式与超重肥胖的关联。  结果  调查的学生中,67.75%报告在过去1周曾摄入含糖饮料,含乳饮料为学生摄入最频繁的饮料,39.91%的学生摄入≥1次/周。通过主成分分析法,提取了4种含糖饮料摄入偏好模式,多因素分析结果显示,调整后模式1(碳酸饮料、茶饮料和功能性饮料)、模式4(咖啡饮料)与超重肥胖的发生风险增加相关(OR_模式1=1.09,95%CI=1.07~1.11;OR_模式4=1.04, 95%CI=1.02~1.05)、模式3(含乳饮料)与风险降低相关(OR=0.97,95%CI=0.95~0.99)(P值均 < 0.05)。  结论  安徽省中小学生含糖饮料摄入频率较高,多种类型含糖饮料与超重肥胖风险增加相关。建议相关部门采取适宜的有效措施减少中小学生含糖饮料的摄入。     

Risk factors for hospital admissions among asthmatic children and adolescents

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence rate and risk factors for hospital admissions among asthma children and to evaluate care delivered to these patients. METHODS: Three-hundred and twenty-five asthmatic children attending a public outpatient reference clinic were studied. Of them, 202 were hospitalized. Care was evaluated using a questionnaire covering general aspects of hospital stay and biological, demographics, socioeconomic and asthma-related factors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to measure the association between hospital admissions and selected independent variables. RESULTS: Of the total, 62.2% had already been hospitalized due to asthma, 64.9% developed asthma episodes, and 60.9% were hospitalized in their first year of life. Most (76.0%) had moderate to severe asthma. Despite that, 94.2% were not on anti-inflammatory drugs and were treated only during isolated acute episodes. None of these were regularly seen in primary health care centers for a periodic control of their steroid inhalants. Most parents (97.8%) referred not to know how to take care of asthma children. Symptoms onset is normally seen before the age of 12 months (OR=3.20; 95%CI 1.55-6,61) or between 12 and 24 months (OR=3.89; 95%CI 1.62-9.36). Mothers have attended school for less than 7 years (OR=3.06; 95%CI 1.62-5.76). Disease severity (OR=2.32; 95%CI 1.24-3.88), 2 or more monthly visits to emergency wards (OR=2.19; 95%CI 1.24-3.88), and referred recurrent pneumonia (OR=2.00; 95%IC 1.06-3.80) were the main risk factors for hospital admissions. CONCLUSIONS: Organizing health care services is crucial to reduce hospital admissions and provide adequate care for asthma children and adolescents, especially those less than 2 years old.     

Children's fruit and vegetable intake: associations with the neighbourhood food environment

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between availability of different types of food outlets and children's fruit and vegetable intake. METHOD: Parents of 340 5-6 and 461 10-12 year-old Australian children reported how frequently their child ate 14 fruits and 13 vegetables in the last week in 2002/3. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to determine the availability of the following types of food outlets near home: greengrocers; supermarkets; convenience stores; fast food outlets; restaurants, cafés and takeaway outlets. Logistic regression analyses examined the likelihood of consuming fruit >or=2 times/day and vegetables >or=3 times/day, according to access to food outlets. RESULTS: Overall, 62.5% of children ate fruit >or=2 times/day and 46.4% ate vegetables >or=3 times/day. The more fast food outlets (OR=0.82, 95%CI=0.67-0.99) and convenience stores (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.73-0.98) close to home, the lower the likelihood of consuming fruit >or=2 times/day. There was also an inverse association between density of convenience stores and the likelihood of consuming vegetables >or=3 times/day (OR=0.84, 95%CI=0.74-0.95). The likelihood of consuming vegetables >or=3 times/day was greater the farther children lived from a supermarket (OR=1.27, 95%CI=1.07-1.51) or a fast food outlet (OR=1.19, 95%CI=1.06-1.35). CONCLUSION: Availability of fast food outlets and convenience stores close to home may have a negative effect on children's fruit and vegetable intake.     

Associations between sport participation, demographic and socio-cultural factors in Portuguese children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: The number of studies that focus on factors influencing the sport participation (SP) of children and adolescents is limited. The present study examines the associations between demographic [age, gender and socio-economic status (SES)] and socio-cultural factors (SP of family, and peers and physical educator influences) and the SP of children and adolescents. METHODS: A random sample of 3352 Portuguese children/adolescents, 10-18 years, their parents and siblings was surveyed. The assessment of SP was based on a psychometrically established questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used in data analysis. RESULTS: (i) age was not related to children/adolescent's SP; (ii) children/adolescents with high SES (OR:1.7, 95%CI:1.4-2.2) and medium SES (OR:1.4, 95%CI:1.1-1.7) were more involved in sports; (iii) children/adolescents were more likely to participate in sports when their family also participate; (iv) boys were more likely to participate in sports than girls (adjusted OR:3.3, 95%CI:2.8-3.9 from a main effects model), but mother's SP influenced their daughters and sons differently. Daughters showed a greater propensity for practising sports when their mothers did (OR:2.5; 95%CI:1.7-3.6). For sons, sports involvement was similar whether or not their mothers participated (OR:1.1; 95%CI:0.7-1.7); (v) peers had a positive influence on the participants' SP (OR:2.2, 95%CI:1.9-2.7); (vi) after adjusting for other factors, the influence of a physical education teacher was not found to affect the SP of the children/adolescents. CONCLUSION: There are important demographic and socio-cultural influences on the SP of children/adolescents-in particular, gender, SES, family members' SP and peer influence.     

Family Meals and Diet Quality Among Children and Adolescents in North Carolina

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between diet quality and frequency of family meals throughout childhood and adolescence.MethodsCross-sectional study of children ages birth through 17 years (n = 1,992) using data from the 2010 North Carolina Child Health and Monitoring Program. Multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the associations between family meals and fruit intake, vegetable intake, and sugar-sweetened beverage intake among younger children, older children, and adolescents.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, participating in ≥ 5 family meals/wk was associated with less sugar-sweetened beverage intake among younger (OR 2.04; CI 1.06–3.93) and older children (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.27–3.55), greater vegetable intake among older children (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.08–3.24) and adolescents (OR 1.81; 95% CI 1.14–2.88), and greater fruit intake among adolescents (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.40–3.19).Conclusions and ImplicationsStrategies to encourage families to establish regular family meals early in life and continue them throughout childhood and adolescence is warranted.