“当前现有的全球化”所造成的危害

The ‘really existing globalization‘, which is used to refer to the type of globalization we see today, is viewed by the author to pose great dangers to life in cities by increasing poverty and gap between the rich and the poor,handicapping developing cities through specialization of functions, advocating marketization of housing and privatization of public services which are harmful to the urban poor, prioritizing profit instead of quality in environmental management and magnifying the danger of terrorism to cities. However, this is not the only form of globalization possible.     

Study on Urbanization Development Strategy along Wuhan to Xianning Intercity Rail

As the development of＂two-oriented society＂ in Wuhan urban agglomeration, the intercity railway will be an important way of driving the development of urbanization in Wuhan urban agglomeration. Intercity railway shortens the time in traffic between surrounding cities of Wuhan and it brings a lot of people, materials and information. It has also brought opportunities and challenges to the areas along intercity railway. The question is how to seize the development opportunities and coordinate the contradiction between development and environmental protection, and taking a new type urbanization. The paper, studying on the areas along Wuhan to Xianning intercity railway, made a summary of the objective law of urbanization and the influence to the along areas by the intercity railway, meanwhile, had experienced from the developed areas which along the intercity railway both in China and abroad. Then the paper proposed the urbanization development strategy from the aspect of land use, industry, population and transportation on the basis of analysis to be economic base and development conditions of the areas.     

Tourism as an Industry in Heritage Site-A Case Study on World Heritage Site of Fujian Tulou

Cultural heritage is seen as a cultural capital. The heritage tourism increases the local employment and income, however, brings some problems at the same time, changing the traditional living way and industrial structure. The sustainability of economic development by tourism is also questioned. Fujian Tulou is a world heritage site in China, inscribed in 2008. The nomination has brought great changes to the sites, especially the flourishing tourism industries by the local communities as well as the tourism companies. The latter also take part in the management of the heritage site and get most of the income. The data in economic areas is analyzed in this study and explains the cultural tourism as a positive drive for the local economy, which contributes little to the life of locals. With the analysis of the changes and benefits from the tourism, we have found that tourism, as a dominant industry, might be a potential negative element for heritage conservation. According to the different situations of sites in Fujian Tulou, a proper planning of management is in need to integrate the tourism, conservation and development.     

城市集水区管理和污染控制

The evolution of human civilization and urbanization has been centered around catchment (watershed, river basins) areas. As evident from the archaeological ruins of the earlier civilizations, the decision makers and planners recognized the importance of catchment areas as the physical planning units for urban development.However, in the post-industrial era, the practice of catchment management has often been ignored. With the increasing industrialization and transport network, the pace of urbanization has gained momentum. The cities,which were earlier created for specific functions and carrying capacities, are increasingly expected to meet the demands of multiple economic activities and growing population. The run-away growth in urbanization without commensurate backup infrastructure for civic amenities has taken its toll through increasing pollution.Pollution and associated problems are, to a great extent, attributable to lack of environmental considerations in planning and management of urban systems. The urban centres are confronted with various kinds of pollution,the nature and extent of which depend on the sources of pollution as well as physiographic conditions such as watershed and airshed. The present proper focuses on water pollution, which has a direct bearing on the urban catchment management. This article gives an introduction to urban catchment management and pollution control.     

Wood Preservative Solutions for Creative and Sustainable Bridge Design and Construction

Timber bridges can provide an economical alternative to concrete and steel structures, particularly in rural areas where vehicle traffic is light to moderate. The wooden components of bridges have historically been preserved with either an oil type or waterborne preservative system to protect the wood from decay in order to maintain required performance standards for an extended period of time. The focus of this paper is to describe some of the key preservatives, research and case studies that support use of preserved wood, and some important steps to follow for the appropriate and safe use of preserved wood when the planned application will be in or over aquatic and wetland environments. A wealth of scientific information has been collected and analyzed that clearly suggests the use of preserved wood does not present a significant adverse effect on aquatic and wetland environments. This conclusion is based on two decades of empirical research and case study evaluating the environmental fate and effects of preserved wood, level of migration of contaminates into aquatic and marine environments, and the preserved wood environment. This is particularly true when risks are properly assessed on a project site, the appropriate preservative is selected and the wood is preserved to the Western Wood Preservers Institute＇s BMPs （best management practices）, along with properly installing and maintaining the preserved material. To assist with the assessment process, peer-reviewed risk assessment models for 11 commonly used preservatives have been developed that provide for streamlined data entry by users and allow for evaluation of a structure above and below water. A companion preliminary screening level assessment tool is also available. When these measures are properly utilized engineers, biologists and other responsible officials can be confident that the service life of the preserved wood components will more than likely meet the required performance standards in an environmentally safe manner for up to 50 or more     

Design and Management of Building＇s Resources

The developed modem control systems and buildings management resource systems would be effective if they are based on previously established optimal conditions during the building design. This is one of the key issues for a responsible architecture. The focus of this paper is on sustainable design methods and techniques for saving resources and their management throughout the building lifecycle. The main subject of the present article is the characteristics of these methods and their fundamental role in sustainable resource management during the building operation. The results which are based on conducted case studies of European and international practice in the construction of sustainable buildings are implemented here. Key features of a comprehensive approach for design and construction are outlined via comparative analysis, as well as various systems for the evaluation of sustainability for already constructed buildings. The mostly used criteria and indicators for sustainability are systematized, including those related to resource consumption. By analyzing a specific example, the role of sustainable design methods is justified as an important prerequisite for effective management of building resources in the process building maintenance. According to the conducted studies, during the longest life cycle period of a building, by implementation of control systems and resource management of building, the costs are successfully optimized. Specific directions that prove the effectiveness of such systems are systematized in the paper. Innovative approaches, complex methods and measures for design and management of buildings resources are presented as results of this study.     

Sustainability of Touristic Potential of the Old Van City and Castle of Van in Terms of Cultural,Historical and Natural Values

Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.     

A Study for the Environmental Design Supporting an Intellectual Activity

Japan is facing a demographic challenge of a falling birthrate coupled with an aging society that is already adversely affecting the economy. The situation is only expected to worsen as the working-age population continues to decrease. Well aware of this situation, businesses and offices are seeking ways to enhance the intellectual productivity of their workers. This paper explores environmental elements of work spaces that might stimulate intellectual activity. Using a CAD （AutoCAD） miniature garden program, subjects were asked to design a project room that is optimized for creative work using a certain number of elements--11 types of walls, 14 types of floors, 4 types of scenery, 3 types of furniture and 3 types of plantings--but the subjects were free to position and arrange these elements any way they want. The subjects were then interviewed using the evaluation grid method. Based on the results, we created an evaluation structure diagram by analyzing key words and phrases emphasized by subjects in the interviews. The overall evaluation structure represents a summary overview of all 30 subjects who participated in the experiment. This approach captures all the key elements of the office environment that might be used to stimulate intellectual activity of employees.     

瑞典斯德哥尔摩建设可持续的紧凑城市

The case concerns Stockholm‘s past, recent and future planning strategies towards developing an environmen-tally sound leading edge city in the “IT and wireless communication industry“. The overall goal is continued city growth and development whilst preserving and enhancing the city‘s unique characteristics. The City of Stockholm‘s initiatives in environmental management and urban planning were recognized as a good practice in 1998 and 2000.     

The leasing operation of research of the office building market in China

The article analysis the external market environment and the situation of requirement and the competitor in market of office building with the same rank and the same type according to market research, the aim is to research the whole processing operation and management, including making the marker orientation, confirming and finding the potential lesse making the rent plan, negotiating and signing the contract.     

Effect of Physical Environment on the Behaviors of Residents with Dementia： A Comparison between a Small-Group Unit and a Traditional Care Unit

This is a comparative study examining the influence of a small-scale dementia unit and a traditional dementia unit on behaviors of the residents. The small-scale unit and the traditional unit were selected through two phases in Vancouver, Canada. Seven residents from each facility completed the study. Physical environmental assessments were performed using two tools： PEAP （professional environmental assessment protocol） and TESS-NH （therapeutic environment screening survey for nursing homes）. For the assessment of residents＇ behaviors, three assessment tools were used： MOSES （multidimensional observation scale for elderly subjects）, MDS （minimum data set） and DCM （dementia care mapping）. The study found that the residents living in a small-scale environment were more engaged in activities and more likely to respond in understanding their fellow residents. Residents living in a traditional long-term care exhibited fewer signs of social interaction. The findings suggest that a small-scale homelike environment could positively influence people with dementia to be more engaged in social exchanges and activities, and consequently help in reducing their withdrawn behavior.     

A Pluralistic and Participatory Community Governance Model for Urban China in the Era of Economic and Spatial Restructuring

As China’s socio-economic development is entering into a transitioning era, urban residents’ demands are becoming more diversified,complicated, and fragmented. Ought to address issues regarding community environmental renovation, infrastructure and facilities constructions,and efficient public service supplies, measures should be adopted to adjust the urban community governance model in China to face emergent challenges. Against this background, this paper argues that the "participating actors,""community management and organization framework,""related laws, regulations, and policies," and "resources allocation and management" are the four crucial dimensions in urban community governance. We then adopted these four underpinnings as the theoretical framework to unravel the complex dynamics of community governance in contemporary urban China. This paper argues that the current community governance system falls short in accommodating the growing demands of community development due to "ambiguity of participating actors,""excessive administrative intervention on community management,""insufficient legislation supports," and a "deficiency in financing management system." Therefore, this paper argues that through the pluralization of public participation,diversification of community organization modes, and the enhancement of participation accessibility, community governance performance in urban China could be drastically improved. Therefore, a pluralistic and participatory community governance model is proposed in this paper to provide additional policy implications for community governance in urban China.     

中国城市活力中心的街道步行环境指数测度

The existing studies concerning walkability mainly focus on the characteristics of the built environment that could encourage walking. However, few discussions have been reported regarding the influence of the street environment on walking experiences. In this study, a walking environmental assessment method was proposed, involving the nine indexes of crossing facilities, street planting, building aspect ratio, street furniture, isolation for non-motor vehicles, width of the sidewalk, illegal parking, sidewalk disrepair, and bike-exclusive lanes. This method was applied to evaluate the walking environment of 12740 city streets in 71 urban vitality centres of 50 typical Chinese cities by combining street images and virtual audits. In addition, the practical problems, causes, and strategies behind the scores were analyzed. The empirical results validate the feasibility of the proposed method in revealing problems of the walking environment in Chinese cities. Research conclusions provide suggestions to refine urban planning and management of non-motorized traffic systems in cities.     

水资源、供水与卫生：摩洛哥的经验

In Morocco, water supply and sanitation are the concern of communes. Production is generally ensured by the National Office of Potable Water (ONEP). Communes play an active and direct role in the management and setup of distribution utilities or entrust ONEP with the management of the centres. Concerning sanitation, there is an increased awareness at the national level as a result of the growth of agglomerations and the increasing impact of urban waste which has begun to endanger the natural environment and, more particularly, the water resources.The thesis introduces water resources, drinking water and sanitation in Morocco.     

A Brief Introduction to the Information System for the City Planning and Construction Management of Suzhou

This article—“The Research and Development of the Information System for City Planning and ConstructionManagement of Suzhou City”was written to expand the scope of research and to strengthen management and controlso as to provide a basis for policy-making,to bring both in-denth analysis and to combine qualitative and quantita-tive determination.The article introduces the basic structure and functions of the information system,including theinformation flow,division of sub-systems,hardware-model selection,the content of data base and their classifica-tion and coding,etc.The article also introduces the functions of treatment of graphic information,word numericalvalue information and its uniqueness in combining graphical and non-graphical information.This information sys-tem is comparatively low cost simple in operation,and there is a basic guarantee of source of information.A pre-limirary use of the system has proved its practivability,which forms the basic condition for the extended applicationof the system.     

Review and Exploration of the Development of Planning for the Conservation of the Famous Historical and Cultural Cities in China

To comprehend the development of the famous histori-cal and cultural cities in China and their conservation plan-ning, it is necessary to understand, first of all, the back-ground of their history and present condition. This back-ground has taken shape in the historic development of thecities and is influenced by many complicated factors of thepresent time. To discuss these factors in simple way, theycan be summarized as follows:The impact of the historical and cultural ideas;The impact of the physical and environmental condi-tion;The impact of the present socialand economicsituation.The impact of the historical and cultural ideasChina is a country with ancient civilization. TheChinese cultural has been shaped through development, in-heritance and harmony in a history of 5000 years on the ba-sis of the ancient Huaxia Culture with the Yellow River andthe Yangtse River as the main arteries.The rising of ancient cities in China can be traced backto over 3500 years ago. China is a multinational country. Int     

A User-Oriented Implementation of Risk Breakdown Structure in Construction Risk Management

The construction industry works under conditions of uncertainties and risks leading to poor performance, increased cost and time and decreased quality. In these conditions, the dynamic identification and assessment of project risks among a vary range of potential factors is considered of vital importance. The introduction of RBS （risk breakdown structure） as a hierarchically organized depiction of identified risks was considered a suitable tool in risk management, especially in construction, due to its many advantages in synthetic representation and dynamic nature. This paper presents a user-oriented implementation of RBS to assist the project managers in identifying and assessing potential risk factors affecting construction process. The evidential analogies between WBS （work breakdown structure） and RBS are captured and used in the proposed framework which interconnects them into a 2D （two dimensional） matrix used to associate risks to the specific project activities. The proposed framework is applied to a government funded design-bid-build project. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the advantages in identifying the most risky activities, as well as the most important risk factors affecting the whole project.     

UCIMS: Advances in geotechnical construction and performance monitoring

The Crossrail project currently under construction in Central London has been described as"The Big Dig on Steroids",obviously referencing the Central Artery/Tunnel project in Boston completed in 2007.To address the multiple demands for timely construction performance monitoring,Crossrail envisioned the underground construction information management system(UCIMS)to monitor construction progress and structural health along the entire route,with a network of geotechnical instruments(i.e.slope inclinometers,extensometers,piezometers,etc.)and tunnel boring machine(TBM)position information.The UCIMS is a geospatially referenced relational database that was developed using an open source geographic information system(GIS)that allowed all stakeholders near immediate feedback of construction performance.The purpose of this article is to provide a brief history of geotechnical and structural monitoring software,to describe the structure and operation of the UCIMS,and to demonstrate how the functionality afforded by this system provided the requisite feedback to the stakeholders.Examples will be given regarding how the data management and visualization concepts incorporated into the UCIMS advanced the geotechnical construction industry.     

Guidelines for Low-Cost,Energy-Efficient House in Iraq

The goal of this study is to determine specific guidelines for Iraqi architects to contribute to the design and composition of energy-efficient housing units within the limits of a normal budget, locally available materials and technologies. These units can provide comfort despite the current energy situation in Iraq. The study is based on a computer simulation for a reference building in Baghdad, which has been selected according to the urban conditions, building legislations, housing market and statistics. The final results displayed the main recommendations and the possibility to achieve up to 50% energy reduction with a pay-back period not exceeding two years in some cases. There are some measures that have big energy saving potential. Yet, some of the measures may require big investment or have some bad environmental impacts. Some other good measures are already being implemented.     

Mechanism of Agglomerating Development of Industrial Space: A Case Study on Shenzhen

The agglomeration of industries refers to the concentration and aggregation of the same or different industries in a certain area. After analyzing the spatial pattern of the economic activities in the world, it can be found