首页 | 官方网站   微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
目的 对比分析婴幼儿先心病双源CT(DSCT)前瞻性心电触发血管造影中,Flash(大螺距扫描)与序列扫描两种模式的辐射剂量和图像质量。方法 60例临床拟诊先天性心脏病并进行DSCT前瞻性心电触发扫描的患儿纳入研究并随机分为2组,A组30例采用Flash扫描模式, B组30例采用序列扫描模式。比较两组容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)、有效辐射剂量(E)以及CT图像质量,并以手术或心脏造影(DSA)结果为标准,比较两组诊断符合率。结果A、B两组CTDIvol分别为(0.32±0.10)和(1.40±0.43)mGy(t=13.32,P<0.05); DLP分别为(6.46±1.92)和(17.91±4.80)mGy·cm(t=7.97,P<0.05);E分别为(0.19±0.05)和(0.45±0.12)mSv(t=16.64,P<0.05);图像质量评分分别为(4.03±1.15)和(3.13±1.38)(t=3.55,P<0.05);A、B两组总诊断符合率分别为100%和93%,差异无统计学意义;但A组畸形检出率(91%)高于B组(75%)(χ2=7.72,P<0.05)。结论 在婴幼儿先心病DSCT血管造影中,采用Flash扫描模式时畸形检出率高于序列模式,且有效辐射剂量降低。  相似文献   

2.
128层螺旋CT肺动脉低管电压成像的临床可行性研究   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨80 kV低管电压对128层螺旋CT肺动脉成像(CTPA)图像质量及辐射剂量的影响。方法 对临床怀疑肺栓塞患者60例行128层螺旋CT肺动脉成像检查,并采用随机数字表法分为低管电压80 kV组和常规管电压120 kV组各30例,两组均开启自动管电流调制技术。记录两组的CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP),计算有效剂量(E)值;测量图像背景噪声(BN)、肺动脉强化CT值(SI),计算信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR)。比较两组的有效剂量E、SNR、CNR以及图像质量。结果 80 kV组的E为(0.99±0.27)mSv,显著低于120 kV组的(3.02±0.87)mSv(t=12.281,P<0.05)。80 kV组SI、BN均显著高于120 kV组(t=-3.377、-5.855,P<0.05),SNR、CNR和图像质量评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与常规管电压120 kV扫描方案相比,采用低管电压80 kV,结合自动管电流调制技术,可以在保证图像质量的同时,有效降低辐射剂量,在多层螺旋CT肺动脉成像中具有较高的临床应用价值。  相似文献   

3.
目的 比较容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)及体型特异性剂量估算(SSDE)在估算腹部CT扫描时患者所受辐射剂量的差异。方法 采用Philips 256螺旋CT扫描仪对180例患者进行上腹部CT增强扫描,在左肾静脉主干层面测量每位患者的左右径(LAT)、前后径(AP),计算有效直径(ED),同时记录每位被检者的CTDIvol值及体模的扫描直径,计算SSDE。将患者按照体重指数(BMI)分为3组:A组,BMI<20 kg/m2;B组,BMI介于20~24.9 kg/m2之间;C组,BMI>24.9 kg/m2。分别比较180例被检者及不同体重指数组CTDIvol与SSDE之间的差异。结果 180例被检者CTDIvol和SSDE分别为(9.91±2.91)和(14.01±2.82)mGy,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.354,P=0.000)。A组CTDIvol和SSDE分别为(7.96±1.83)和(12.83±2.52)mGy ( t=-8.417,P =0.000);B组分别为(9.28±1.76)和(13.62±2.18)mGy(t=-15.051,P=0.000);C组分别为(12.19±3.65)和(15.39±3.47)mGy(t=-4.535,P=0.000)。此外,3组SSDE分别较CTDIvol平均增加了62.83%、 47.80%和28.40%,即CTDIvol过低估算被检者的辐射剂量,且随着体重指数的增加,CTDIvol与SSDE之间的差值越小。结论 SSDE能够反映特定体型的被检者进行腹部CT扫描时所接受的辐射剂量。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨第3代双源CT低剂量扫描模式结合迭代重建技术在新型冠状病毒肺炎筛查中的应用价值,并评价其辐射剂量。方法 回顾分析2019年12月至2020年2月在华中科技大学同济医学院进行新型冠状病毒肺炎筛查患者120例,按随机数表法分成试验组和常规组,各60例。试验组采用第3代双源CT机,Turbo Flash扫描模式,开启CARE kV,参考管电压90 kV,螺距2.0,ADMIRE算法。常规组采用128排CT机,常规螺旋扫描模式,固定管电压120 kV,螺距1.2,FBP算法。比较两组图像中主动脉、脊柱后方肌肉及皮下脂肪CT值、主动脉噪声、信噪比(SNR)、对比噪声比(CNR),通过这些客观参数来评价图像质量,由2位高年资影像专家采用双盲法对图像质量进行主观评分,并比较两组图像的CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(E)。结果 试验组患者主动脉、脊柱后方肌肉的CT值分别为(45.38±4.77)和(53.41±8.44) HU,主动脉SNR为2.82±0.59,明显高于常规组的(39.68±6.26)、(42.66±6.32) HU和2.58±0.61(t=5.608、7.897、2.162,P<0.05),而主动脉噪声、CNR及主观评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。试验组患者CTDIvol、DLP、E分别为(3.09±1.02) mGy、(107.57±32.81) mGy·cm、(1.51±0.46) mSv,常规组分别为(7.00±1.80) mGy、(261.65±73.93) mGy·cm、(3.66±1.03) mSv,试验组明显低于常规组(t=-14.680、-14.756、-14.756,P <0.05)。结论 在新型冠状病毒肺炎的筛查中,使用第3代双源CT低剂量扫描模式结合迭代重建技术,在获得满足临床需求图像的同时,不仅有效地降低了辐射剂量,还提高了图像的SNR。  相似文献   

5.
目的 比较容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)及体型特异性剂量评估(SSDE)在估算腹部CT扫描时患者所受辐射剂量的差异。方法 采用Philips 256螺旋CT扫描仪对180例患者进行上腹部CT增强扫描,在左肾静脉主干层面测量每例患者的左右径(LAT)、前后径(AP),计算有效直径(ED),同时记录每例被检者的CTDIvol值及体模的扫描直径,计算SSDE。将患者按照体质量指数(BMI)分为3组:A组,BMI<20.0 kg/m2;B组,BMI介于20.0~24.9 kg/m2之间;C组,BMI>24.9 kg/m2。分别比较180例被检者及不同体质量指数组CTDIvol与SSDE之间的差异。结果180例被检者CTDIvol和SSDE分别为(9.91±2.91)和(14.01±2.82)mGy,差异有统计学意义(t=-13.354, P<0.01)。A组CTDIvol和SSDE分别为(7.96±1.83)和(12.83±2.52)mGy (t=-8.417, P<0.01);B组分别为(9.28±1.76)和(13.62±2.18)mGy(t=-15.051,P<0.01);C组分别为(12.19±3.65)和(15.39±3.47)mGy(t=-4.535,P<0.01)。此外,3组SSDE分别较CTDIvol平均增加了62.83%、 47.80%和28.40%,即CTDIvol过低估算被检者的辐射剂量,且随着体质量指数的增加,CTDIvol与SSDE之间的差值越小。结论 SSDE能够反映特定体型的被检者进行腹部CT扫描时所接受的辐射剂量。  相似文献   

6.
目的 探索单能量成像结合自适应统计迭代重建(adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction,ASIR)及自动能谱协议选择(automatic spectral imaging mode selection,ASIS)技术在个体化降低患者门静脉造影辐射剂量、对比剂剂量中的应用价值。方法 回顾性收集华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院2017年1月至2017年4月120例临床需进行上腹部增强检查的受检者资料(男80例,女40例),按扫描方案分为3组,每组各40例。A组采用常规120 kVp扫描,噪声指数(NI)=10,对比剂用量为450 mgI/kg,图像采用50% ASIR重建;B、C两组采用能谱成像模式,NI=10(B组),NI=13(C组),对比剂用量均为300 mgI/kg,图像采用60 keV+50% ASIR重建。采用单因素方差分析比较3组图像中门静脉、肝实质的平均CT值及其差值、图像噪声、信噪比(SNR)及对比噪声比(CNR)。由两位高年资放射科医师对3组图像进行主观图像质量评分。记录患者的容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)并计算有效剂量(E)。结果 B、C两组对比剂用量较A组降低了约30%。A、B、C组图像的门静脉CT值分别为168.22±17.82、209.06±20.07、211.03±25.60,B、C组与A比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.625、-8.680,P<0.05)。A、B、C 3组门静脉与肝实质CT差值分别为60.01±17.01、106.63±25.83、107.72±25.39,B、C组与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-9.536、-9.857,P<0.05)。SNR分别为8.48±1.41、12.64±2.94、10.77±1.94,CNR分别为5.16±1.80、8.13±2.54、7.32±1.84,图像质量评分分别为(3.53±0.68)、(4.75±0.54)和(4.53±0.64)分,B、C组的SNR、CNR和图像质量评分与A组比较,差异有统计学意义(t=-8.082、-6.064、-6.050、-5.308、-8.912、-6.779,P<0.05)。A、B、C组CTDIvol分别为(12.15±5.02)、(12.34±4.18)、(10.03±3.13)mGy,DLP分别为(348.62±155.99)、(355.56±131.07)、(287.10±92.25)mGy·cm,E分别为(5.23±2.34)、(5.33±1.97)、(4.31±1.38)mSv,相对于A、B两组,C组的CTDIvol、DLP和E差异均有统计学意义(t=2.274、2.147、2.147、2.812、2.702、2.702,P<0.05),分别降低了19%。结论 CT门静脉成像时,选择NI=13,60 keV结合50%ASIR重建及ASIS技术可以个体化降低患者的对比剂剂量和辐射剂量,并提供满足诊断要求的图像。  相似文献   

7.
目的 探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)低kV门静脉成像的可行性以及相关图像质量评价。方法 连续31例门静脉成像患者纳入研究,以3.0 ml/s速率经肘正中静脉注射欧乃派克(350 mg I/ml) 90 ml,使用256层CT(Philips Brilliance iCT)机型分别完成动脉期(120 kV,150 mAs)和门脉期(80 kV,120 mAs)扫描,记录两次扫描时的平均容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和辐射剂量长度乘积(DLP),并计算有效辐射剂量(E)。对门脉期数据采用4组不同滤波函数进行回顾性重建:A组,滤过反投影(FBP)+平滑函数;B组,FBP+标准函数;C组,迭代4(iDose4)+标准函数;D组,迭代6(iDose4)+标准函数。在工作站上分别完成门脉血管重建的最大密度投影 (MIP)、容积重建(VR)和多平面投影重建(MPR)显示,并在门脉分支中心层面分别测量腹主动脉、门脉、肝右叶实质3个结构的CT值和图像噪声(SD)值。由2位资深放射科医生和1位CT技师共同评价门脉图像质量。结果 门脉期扫描(低剂量)的DLP与E分别是(81.23±7.46)mGy·cm和(1.22±0.11)mSv,均明显低于动脉期(常规剂量)的(353.45±31.46)mGy·cm和(5.30±0.47)mSv(F=2197.23,P<0.05);各组间SD值有明显差异(F=54.364,P<0.05),以D组(57.09±13.59)最小,B组(115.55±31.12)最大。所有4组门脉图像均符合诊断图像质量要求,C和D两组门脉显示优于A和B两组。结论 80 kV结合迭代算法的低剂量MSCT门脉成像是可行的。  相似文献   

8.
目的 探讨胸部低剂量CT在新型冠状病毒疾病(COVID-19)患者好转出院后复查应用价值。方法 回顾性分析2020年3月17日至3月25日经武汉大学人民医院治疗出院后的58例COVID-19患者胸部低剂量CT表现,由两名影像医师独立评价CT图像质量,采用5分法进行评分。并计算信噪比(SNR)、背景噪声(SDair)及辐射剂量。结果 出院前常规剂量组和出院后复查低剂量组图像主观评分观察者1和观察者2分别为4.45±0.22、3.88±0.33(P>0.05)和4.37±0.18、3.91±0.35(P>0.05);低剂量组的SNR与SDair分别为4.39±0.95和7.19±2.41,显著低于常规组的5.14±1.06(Z=-5.551,P<0.001)和6.48±1.57(Z=-3.217,P<0.001),图像质量均能满足临床诊断。低剂量组的CT容积剂量指数(CTDIvol)、剂量长度乘积(DLP)及有效剂量(E)分别为(2.41±0.09) mGy、(88.03±5.33) mGy·cm和(1.23±0.17) mSv,均显著低于常规组[(10.53±1.03) mGy,(338.74±34.64) mGy·cm,(4.74±0.48) mSv,Z=-6.568、-6.624、-5.976,P<0.001)。结论 COVID-19患者出院后可采用胸部低剂量CT复查。  相似文献   

9.
宝石CT冠状动脉成像低剂量扫描方案临床应用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
目的 探讨宝石CT心脏冠脉检查中,以患者体重指数(BMI)为基础的低剂量扫描方案实施前后对图像质量及有效辐射剂量的影响。方法 连续选取临床拟诊冠心病行CT冠状动脉造影(CTCA)患者207例为A组(实施低剂量扫描方案前—常规剂量组),242例为B组(实施低剂量扫描方案后—低剂量组),根据患者BMI依次选择管电压(kVp)和管电流(mA)。分别对两组患者冠脉图像质量进行评分,比较两组图像的信噪比、容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)及有效辐射剂量(E),分析扫描变量与患者所接受有效辐射剂量之间的关系。结果 A组患者所接受有效辐射剂量为1.9(1.5,2.3)mSv,B组患者所接受有效辐射剂量为1.2(0.8,2.5)mSv(Z=-6.24,P<0.05)。多因素回归分析显示对有效辐射剂量影响最大的是扫描模式,其次是管电压、管电流、扫描长度。B组冠脉图像信噪比较A组略高(Z=-2.22,P<0.05)。A组与B组图像质量评分差异无统计学意义。结论 低剂量扫描方案可有效降低患者所接受的辐射剂量,并且不影响冠脉图像质量。  相似文献   

10.
目的探讨80 kV低管电压、低对比剂注射速率和低对比剂用量的“三低”技术,联合全模型迭代重建(IMR)算法在头颈部CT血管成像(CTA)检查的可行性。方法前瞻性连续收集2015年7-11月行头颈部CTA检查的患者60例,采用随机数字表法将其分为A、B两组,每组各30例。A组为常规剂量组,管电压120 kV,滤过反投影(FBP)重建,对比剂注射速率4.5~5.5 ml/s,注射时间10 s;B组为80 kV低管电压组,分别使用FBP和IMR进行图像重建,得到B1和B2两组图像,对比剂注射速率3.5~4.0 ml/s,注射时间10 s。测量并计算A组、B1组、B2组的图像动脉血管CT值、图像噪声、信噪比(SNR)和对比噪声比(CNR),并由2名放射诊断医师对图像质量按照5分法进行评价。3组图像间动脉血管CT值、图像噪声、SNR和CNR采用单因素方差分析,图像质量主观评价采用Kruskal-Wallis检验,两组检查的容积CT剂量指数(CTDIvol)和剂量长度乘积(DLP)比较采用两个独立样本t检验。结果 A、B1和B2组3组图像质量主观评分范围分别为3~5分、2~4分和3~5分,B1组有12例患者图像之间评分≤2分,图像无法诊断。A和B1、A和B2、B1和B2图像之间评分差异均有统计学意义(t=4.55、-6.58、-2.03,P<0.05)。B2组与A组的图像客观指标SNR和CNR比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但B2和A组图像的SNR、CNR均优于B1组,差异均有统计学意义(t=-12.14、13.39、-9.96、9.45,P<0.05)。B组CTDIvol[(1.7±0.2)mGy]比A组[(8.9±1.0)mGy]减少了80.9%,DLP[(77.9±9.0)mGy·cm]比A组[(415.5±56.7)mGy·cm]减少了81.3%,B组对比剂注射速率[(3.9±0.1)ml/s]比A组[(5.0±0.2)ml/s]减少了22.0%,B组对比剂总量[(39.2±1.9)ml]比A组[(50.3±2.2)ml]减少22.1%,差异有统计学意义(t=39.1、32.2、20.8、20.8,P<0.05)。结论使用80 kV管电压、低对比剂注射速率和用量,并使用IMR算法进行图像重建,进行头颈部CTA扫描是可行的。可以在保证图像质量的基础上,使患者辐射剂量减少81.3%。临床试验注册号中国临床试验注册中心,ChiCTR-BOC-16010060。  相似文献   

11.
12.
We carried out a retrospective analysis of imaging and clinical findings in 52 children with a history of cervical spinal trauma. No patient had evidence of a fracture on plain films or CT. All had MRI at 1.5 T because of persistent or delayed symptoms, unexplained findings of injury or instability, or as further assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury. Clinical follow-up ranged from 6 months to 3.5 years. MRI was evaluated for its influence on therapy and outcome. MRI was positive in 16 (31 %) of 52 patients. Posterior soft-tissue or ligamentous injury was the most common finding in the 10 patients with mild to moderate trauma, while acute disc bulges and longitudinal ligament disruption, each seen in one case, were uncommon. MRI was superior to CT for assessment of the extent of soft-tissue injury and for identification of spinal cord injuries and intracanalicular hemorrhage in the six patients with more severe trauma. MRI specifically influenced the management of all four patients requiring surgery by extending the level of posterior stabilization. No patients with normal MRI or any of the 10 with radiographically stable soft-tissue injury on MRI, developed delayed clinical or radiographic evidence of instability or deformity. Received: 5 August 1997 Accepted: 13 October 1997  相似文献   

13.
14.
15.
16.
5.12汶川地震德阳地区伤员救治体会   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
回顾分析我院震后10天内收治的1 466例伤员救治情况,反映出组织、指挥在大批量伤员的救治中的重要性,提出平时应急演练是灾难救援的基础,建立创伤救治体系足今后灾难医学救援的发展方向.  相似文献   

17.
Differences in complication rates among the centres in the SPACE study   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
Introduction  Despite the high grade of standardisation of study protocols, there is still room for variability among the centres in specific treatment aspects. We evaluated the treatment risk in stent-protected angioplasty of the carotid versus endarterectomy (SPACE) associated with the specific patient enrolment rates of the centres. Materials and methods  The analysed endpoints were ipsilateral stroke or death [primary outcome event (pOE)] and any stroke or death [secondary outcome event (sOE)] until 30 days after treatment. A binary logistic regression analysis with random effects was performed separately for each treatment arm. The centres were secondarily categorised in three classes: I) ≥25 patients enrolled, II) ten to 24 patients and III) <10 patients and a hierarchic log linear model was fitted to test the three-way interaction of treatment, number of patients per class and outcome. Results  The random effects logistic regression analysis in the carotid artery stenting (CAS) arm proved a significant increase in pOE with decreasing number of patients enrolled (−0.0190 ± 0.0085, p = 0.025, deviance 35.7 with 32 df), whereas no such effect was found in the carotid endartectomy (CEA) arm (−0.010 ± 0.008, p = 0.24, deviance 39.78 with 32 df). In the log linear model, there was a significant interaction between treatment, number of patients per centre and sOE (p = 0.023). The odds ratios for sOE in the enrolment classes (CAS vs. CEA) were 0.98 (95% CI 0.50–1.94, p = 0.95) for class I, 1.13 (95% CI 0.47–2.77, p = 0.77) for class II and 11.56 (95% CI 1.40–253.45, p = 0.01) for class III centres. Conclusion  Despite rigorous standardisation and quality requirements for operator qualification, there seemed to be a decrease in complication rate with increasing patient enrolment numbers in the CAS arm while this signal could not be detected in the CEA arm of SPACE.  相似文献   

18.
踝关节过度运动损伤是常见的下肢损伤,包括骨损伤、骨软骨损伤、关节撞击综合征及肌腱、韧带损伤。上述损伤早期症状不明显,正确选择影像检查方法是早期发现损伤、评估损伤程度及指导治疗的重要环节。笔者结合典型影像图片对常见踝关节过度运动损伤的影像特点及损伤分型进行论述。  相似文献   

19.
The ability of coronary arteriography to disclose the presence of abnormalities in the coronary arteries is undisputed. On the other hand, it is less clear whether the angiographic examination of the coronary circulation permits an assessment of functional abnormalities, which may involve the coronary circulation in toto or regionally. The most commonly practiced grading of angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease is based on the degree of arterial narrowing and the number of major vessels that are involved. This approach, however, suffers from significant shortcomings, which are mainly related to the limitations in accuracy of measuring such lesions angiographically. Secondary angiographic signs of impaired coronary flow, such as contrast propagations through collateral channels, delayed, stagnant, and reciprocal flow pattern, and the appearance of excessive peripheral myocardial contrast accumulation may gain great importance. In conjunction with the presentation of a number of cases considered to be representative for different situations of chronic and acute myocardial ischemia, the primary and secondary angiographic findings are accounted for in detail and discussed as to the most likely existing pathophysiology. The discussion also includes knowledge based on experiments performed in in vitro or animal models and tries to establish a synthesis between the different angiographic phenomena and the present status of our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial injury. It is concluded that such detailed analysis of the angiographic events may yield important information for the most appropriate management of the individual patient.  相似文献   

20.
Neonatal hip sonography according to Graf employs a standardized image in a frontal section plane ("3-point system") and a good scanner adjustment (the femoral head must be anechoic, like the hyaline cartilage roof triangle). Pathologic conditions can change some of these parameters. The authors examined 6,000 neonatal hips in order to point out the commonest causes of diagnostic error. Two types of error were considered: method errors and interpretation errors. Method errors: they are due to the choice of transducer and frequency, to scanner adjustment and definition of the standard section plane. Their incidence was 2.25% and supported by an uncorrect definition of the standard section plane. Interpretation errors: they come from the wrong localization of some reference points--i.e., lower iliac margin, labrum--, uncorrect evaluation of increased echogenicity of the cartilaginous roof, infant age, application of radiographic criteria and uncorrect measurements of alpha and beta angles. Interpretation errors had 5.5% incidence; they were all due to the uncorrect measurement of alpha (3.18%) and beta (2.33%) angles, especially in pathological hips (68%). To reduce the number of errors, the authors suggest to strictly apply Graf's method, to make a diagnosis based on the morphological changes of the cartilaginous and osseous acetabular roof and, only later on, to measure alpha and beta angles to confirm the diagnosis or in the follow-up.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司    京ICP备09084417号-23

京公网安备 11010802026262号