Axis I and Axis II disorders as predictors of prospective suicide attempts: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported in Vol 113(2) of Journal of Abnormal Psychology (see record 2007-16710-001). On p. 378, the values in the "95% CI" column of Table 1 are incorrect. The correct values are given in the far right column of the table provided in the erratum.] This study examined diagnostic predictors of prospectively observed suicide attempts in a personality disorder (PD) sample. During 2 years of follow-up, 58 participants (9%) reported at least 1 definitive suicide attempt. Predictors that were examined include 4 PD diagnoses and selected Axis I diagnoses (baseline and course). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline borderline personality disorder (BPD) and drug use disorders significantly predicted prospective suicide attempts. Controlling for baseline BPD diagnosis, proportional hazards analyses showed that worsening in the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and of substance use disorders in the month preceding the attempt were also significant predictors. Therefore, among individuals diagnosed with PDs, exacerbation of Axis I conditions, particularly MDD and substance use, heightens risk for a suicide attempt. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

"Axis I and Axis II disorders as predictors of prospective suicide attempts: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study": Correction to Yen et al (2003).

Reports an error in "Axis I and Axis II disorders as predictors of prospective suicide attempts: Findings from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study" by Shirley Yen, Tracie Shea, Maria Pagano, Charles A. Sanislow, Carlos M. Grilo, Thomas H. McGlashan, Andrew E. Skodol, Donna S. Bender, Mary C. Zanarini, John G. Gunderson and Leslie C. Morey (Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2003[Aug], Vol 112[3], 375-381). On p. 378, the values in the "95% CI" column of Table 1 are incorrect. The correct values are given in the far right column of the table provided in the erratum. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2003-05990-006.) This study examined diagnostic predictors of prospectively observed suicide attempts in a personality disorder (PD) sample. During 2 years of follow-up, 58 participants (9%) reported at least 1 definitive suicide attempt. Predictors that were examined include 4 PD diagnoses and selected Axis I diagnoses (baseline and course). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that baseline borderline personality disorder (BPD) and drug use disorders significantly predicted prospective suicide attempts. Controlling for baseline BPD diagnosis, proportional hazards analyses showed that worsening in the course of major depressive disorder (MDD) and of substance use disorders in the month preceding the attempt were also significant predictors. Therefore, among individuals diagnosed with PDs, exacerbation of Axis I conditions, particularly MDD and substance use, heightens risk for a suicide attempt. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Two-Year Prospective Naturalistic Study of Remission From Major Depressive Disorder as a Function of Personality Disorder Comorbidity.

In this study, the authors examined prospectively the 24-month natural course of remission from major depressive disorder (MDD) as a function of personality disorder (PD) comorbidity. In 302 participants (196 women, 106 men), psychiatric and PDs were assessed at baseline with diagnostic interviews, and the course of MDD was assessed with the Longitudinal Interval Follow-Up Evaluation at 6-, 12-, and 24-month follow-ups. Survival analyses revealed an overall 24-month remission rate of 73.5% for MDD that differed little by gender. Participants with MDD who had certain forms of coexisting PD psychopathology (schizotypal, borderline, or avoidant) as their primary PD diagnoses had a significantly longer time to remission from MDD than did patients with MDD without any PD. These PDs emerged as robust predictors of slowed remission from MDD even when controlling for other negative prognostic predictors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predicting Future Antisocial Personality Disorder in Males From a Clinical Assessment in Childhood.

It is essential to identify childhood predictors of adult antisocial personality disorder (APD) to target early prevention. It has variously been hypothesized that APD is predicted by childhood conduct disorder (CD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or both disorders. To test these competing hypotheses, the authors used data from a single childhood diagnostic assessment of 163 clinic-referred boys to predict future APD during early adulthood. Childhood Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd ed., rev.; American Psychiatric Association, 1987) CD, but not ADHD, significantly predicted the boys' subsequent APD. An interaction between socioeconomic status (SES) and CD indicated that CD predicted APD only in lower SES families, however. Among children who met criteria for CD, their number of covert but not overt CD symptoms improved prediction of future APD, controlling for SES. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Psychometric characteristics and clinical correlates of NEO-PI-R fearless dominance and impulsive antisociality in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study.

[Correction Notice: An erratum for this article was reported online in Psychological Assessment on September 26 2011 (see record 2011-21951-001). The Appendix should have read: Fearless Dominance: 7*, 11, 16*, 37, 46, 71, 72, 102*, 127*, 132, 144, 152, 162*, 166, 192, 227, 232 Impulsive Antisociality: 14, 30, 44*, 45, 50*, 60*, 65*, 66, 95, 99, 159, 169, 189, 201, 205, 229, 240* * Indicates a reverse-scored item (based on original item content). NEO-PI-R = NEO Personality Inventory–Revised (Costa & McCrae, 1992).] This study evaluates the validity of derived measures of the psychopathic personality traits of Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality from the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised (NEO-PI-R; Costa & McCrae, 1992) using data from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study (baseline N = 733). These 3 issues were examined: (a) the stability of the measures over a 10-year interval, (b) their criterion-related validity, and (c) their incremental validity relative to an alternative NEO-PI-R profile-rating approach for assessing psychopathy. NEO-PI-R Fearless Dominance and Impulsive Antisociality scales were relatively stable across 10 years and demonstrated differential associations with measures of personality pathology and psychopathology generally consistent with past research and theoretical considerations. Moreover, these measures demonstrated an appreciable degree of incremental validity over the NEO-PI-R profile-rating approach. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

Coping, Distress, and Life Events in a Community Sample.

Coping strategies represent behavioral and cognitive efforts to deal with stressful encounters (R. S. Lazarus & S. Folkman, 1984). This study aimed to assess the pattern of associations between demographic variables, problem-and emotion-focused coping, and distress. A representative sample of 510 adult Israelis completed coping and distress inventories. Emotion-focused coping showed strong positive associations with distress, whereas problem-focused coping was negatively related to this variable, although to a lesser degree. The effects of problem-focused coping on distress were more pronounced for participants who had experienced a recent life event. The conclusion to be drawn is that stressful conditions may enhance the effects of coping strategies on distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Change in Life Satisfaction During Adulthood: Findings From the Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.

Change in life satisfaction was modeled over a 22-year period in 1,927 men. A curvilinear relationship emerged. Growth-curve models indicated that life satisfaction peaked at age 65 and then declined, but showed significant individual differences in rate of change. Extraversion predicted variability in change, with higher levels associated with a high and flat life satisfaction trajectory. Time-varying physical health and marital status were associated with higher life satisfaction. Proximity to death was associated with a decline in life satisfaction. On measurement occasions that were within 1 year before death, trajectories showed steeper decline, and this effect was not attributable to declines in self-rated physical health. The findings are at odds with prior (cross-sectional) research showing that subjective well-being improves with aging. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Neighborhood Context, Personality, and Stressful Life Events as Predictors of Depression Among African American Women.

The authors tested neighborhood context, negative life events, and negative affectivity as predictors of the onset of major depression among 720 African American women. Neighborhood-level economic disadvantage (e.g., percentage of residents below the poverty line) and social disorder (e.g., delinquency, drug use) predicted the onset of major depression when controlling for individual-level demographic characteristics. Neighborhood-level disadvantage/disorder interacted with negative life events, such that women who experienced recent negative life events and lived in high disadvantage/disorder neighborhoods were more likely to become depressed than were those who lived in more benign settings, both concurrently and over a 2-year period. Neighborhood disadvantage/disorder can be viewed as a vulnerability factor that increases susceptibility to depression following the experience of negative life events. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Modeling Growth in Boys' Aggressive Behavior Across Elementary School: Links to Later Criminal Involvement, Conduct Disorder, and Antisocial Personality Disorder.

The present study used general growth mixture modeling to identify pathways of antisocial behavior development within an epidemiological sample of urban, primarily African American boys. Teacher-rated aggression, measured longitudinally from 1st to 7th grade, was used to define growth trajectories. Three high-risk trajectories (chronic high, moderate, and increasing aggression) and one low-risk trajectory (stable low aggression) were found. Boys with chronic high and increasing trajectories were at increased risk for conduct disorder, juvenile and adult arrest, and antisocial personality disorder. Concentration problems were highest among boys with a chronic high trajectory and also differentiated boys with increasing aggression from boys with stable low aggression. Peer rejection was highest among boys with chronic high aggression. Interventions with boys with distinct patterns of aggression are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Diagnostic Efficiency of DSM-IV Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder: An Evaluation in Hispanic Men and Women With Substance Use Disorders.

This study examined diagnostic efficiency of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition (DSM-IV), criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD). One hundred thirty monolingual Hispanic adults (90 men, 40 women) at an outpatient psychiatric and substance abuse clinic were assessed with the Spanish-Language Version of the Diagnostic Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (C. M. Grilo, L. M. Anez, & T. H. McGlashan, 2003). The BPD diagnosis was determined by the best-estimate method. Diagnostic efficiency indices were calculated for all BPD criteria, for the entire study group, and separately by gender. Overall, the best exclusion criterion was affective instability, whereas suicidality or self-injury was the best inclusion criterion and the best predictor overall. These findings did not differ by gender, are similar to those reported elsewhere in the literature, and have implications for the refinement of diagnostic systems. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Religiousness, Spirituality, and Psychosocial Functioning in Late Adulthood: Findings From a Longitudinal Study.

This study used longitudinal data to examine the relations among religiousness, spirituality, and 3 key domains of psychosocial functioning in late adulthood: (a) sources of well-being, (b) involvement in tasks of everyday life, and (c) generativity and wisdom. Religiousness and spirituality were operationalized as distinct but overlapping dimensions of individual difference. In late adulthood, religiousness was positively related to well-being from positive relations with others, involvement in social and community life tasks, and generativity. Spirituality was positively related to well-being from personal growth, involvement in creative and knowledge-building life tasks, and wisdom. Neither religiousness nor spirituality was associated with narcissism. The relations between religiousness, spirituality, and outcomes in late adulthood were also observed using religiousness scored in early and spirituality scored in late middle adulthood. All analyses were controlled for gender, cohort, social class, and the overlap between religiousness and spirituality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Relation Between Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease and Cognition in Very Old Age: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Findings From the Berlin Aging Study.

This study documented findings on the relation between cognitive functioning (perceptual speed, memory, fluency, and knowledge) and cardiovascular and metabolic disease in a sample of very old adults (ages 70 and older), both cross-sectionally (n=516) and longitudinally (n=206) in a 4-year follow-up. After age, SES, sex, and dementia status were controlled for, 4 diagnoses were negatively associated with cognition: congestive heart failure, stroke, coronary heart disease, and diabetes mellitus, with a joint effect of 0.47 standard deviations. The impact of disease status was largest on perceptual speed and fluency, memory was impacted only by diabetes, and knowledge was not related to any somatic diagnosis. There was no differential decline in participants diagnosed with 1 of these 4 diseases and those who were not. The only cardiovascular risk factor associated with cognitive performance was alcohol consumption. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stability, Growth, and Decline in Adult Life Span Development of Declarative Memory: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Data From a Population-Based Study.

Five-year changes in episodic and semantic memory were examined in a sample of 829 participants (35-80 years). A cohort-matched sample (N=967) was assessed to control for practice effects. For episodic memory, cross-sectional analyses indicated gradual age-related decrements, whereas the longitudinal data revealed no decrements before age 60, even when practice effects were adjusted for. Longitudinally, semantic memory showed minor increments until age 55, with smaller decrements in old age as compared with episodic memory. Cohort differences in educational attainment appear to account for the discrepancies between cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Collectively, the results show that age trajectories for episodic and semantic memory differ and underscore the need to control for cohort and retest effects in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies, respectively. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Higher Perceived Life Control Decreases Genetic Variance in Physical Health: Evidence From a National Twin Study.

Physical health has been linked consistently with both income and sense of control, and the authors previously demonstrated that genetic variation in physical health measures decreased with increasing income (see W. Johnson & R. F. Krueger, 2004). Using a nationwide sample of 719 twin pairs from the MacArthur Foundation National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States, in this study the authors show that genetic variation in physical health measures (number of chronic illnesses and body mass index) also decreases with increasing sense of control. The authors integrate findings for income and control by demonstrating an interaction between genetic influences on sense of control and income in explaining physical health. They hypothesize that the mechanism underlying the interaction is the known biological relationship between metabolic efficiency and adaptation to stressful environments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Stability and change in retrospective reports of childhood experiences over a 5-year period: Findings from the Davis Longitudinal Study.

The paths via which childhood experiences influence well-being in adulthood are not well defined because most research relies on retrospective reports. This study examined the influence of demographic characteristics and current mood states on the reliability of reports of childhood experiences. The Child Experiences Scale (CES) was administered in 1996 and 2001 to participants in the Davis Longitudinal Study (N = 571; age range 22–61 years). Responses showed moderate to high cross-time reliability. Males were slightly more likely to change their responses. The influence of mood states was weak and more evident for global ratings of childhood than for specific experiences. These findings support the use of retrospective reports of childhood. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)