髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的最佳证据总结

目的 对髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的相关证据进行总结和评价，为医护人员开展髋关节置换术后患者体力活动指导提供参考。 方法 系统检索国内外指南网、相关数据库及骨科相关专业协会网站中关于髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的临床决策、推荐实践、指南、证据总结、专家共识及系统评价。检索时限为2013年2月24日至2023年2月24日。根据纳入与排除标准对文献进行筛选，对纳入的研究进行评价和证据分级，提取并汇总最佳证据。 结果 共纳入文献10篇，包括2篇临床决策、3篇证据总结、1篇专家共识、1篇系统评价、3篇Meta分析，形成包括体力活动的类型、评估、恢复及时机、重要性、安全性及随访共5个类别的21条最佳证据。 结论 总结的证据可指导医护人员制定髋关节置换术后患者体力活动方案，以提高髋关节置换术后患者体力活动水平，改善患者康复结局。     

髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的最佳证据总结

目的 对髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的相关证据进行总结和评价,为医护人员开展髋关节置换术后患者体力活动指导提供参考。方法 系统检索国内外指南网、相关数据库及骨科相关专业协会网站中关于髋关节置换术后患者体力活动的临床决策、推荐实践、指南、证据总结、专家共识及系统评价。检索时限为2013年2月24日至2023年2月24日。根据纳入与排除标准对文献进行筛选,对纳入的研究进行评价和证据分级,提取并汇总最佳证据。结果 共纳入文献10篇,包括2篇临床决策、3篇证据总结、1篇专家共识、1篇系统评价、3篇Meta分析,形成包括体力活动的类型、评估、恢复及时机、重要性、安全性及随访共5个类别的21条最佳证据。结论 总结的证据可指导医护人员制定髋关节置换术后患者体力活动方案,以提高髋关节置换术后患者体力活动水平,改善患者康复结局。     

肾移植受者体力活动现状及影响因素研究

目的调查肾移植受者体力活动现状,分析其影响因素,为制定针对性的干预措施提供参考。方法采用国际体力活动问卷、慢性病自我效能量表、Piper疲乏修订量表对137例肾移植受者进行调查。结果肾移植受者体力活动总代谢当量(MET)中位数为2 709(MET-min/周),工作、交通、家务及休闲相关的体力活动MET中位数为0、0、180、1 320(MET-min/周)。46.7%的肾移植受者报告了高水平的体力活动。回归分析结果显示,疲乏、自我效能、婚姻状况、有无感染、工作状态及透析时间是肾移植受者体力活动的影响因素(P0.05,P0.01)。结论肾移植受者体力活动水平有待提高,医护人员可通过改善患者疲乏,提高其自我效能,以促进患者进行规律的体力活动。     

肾移植受者发生的恶性肿瘤

目的 提高对肾移植后发生恶性肿瘤的诊治水平。方法 总结18例肾移植受者术后发生恶性肿瘤的临床资料，并进行随访。结果 18例患者在发现肿瘤时，13例移植肾功能良好，5例血肌酐升高；有9例患者为晚期肿瘤，已发生肿瘤浸润或远处转移，其中8例在3个月内死亡；9例患者接受手术、化疗或放疗，除1例非何杰金氏淋巴肉瘤和1例基底细胞癌分别于治疗后7个月、13个月死于肿瘤转移外，其余7例至今仍带肾存活。结论 （1）肾移植受者免疫功能低下，易发生恶性肿瘤；（2）早诊断、早治疗是有效的治疗方法，预后良好；（5）肾移植术后肿瘤患者应减少免疫抑制剂用量，实体瘤应尽早手术。     

ICU获得性衰弱患者早期活动的最佳证据总结

目的 检索并总结成人患者ICU获得性衰弱早期活动的相关证据,为医护人员对ICU获得性衰弱患者实施早期活动提供循证依据.方法 系统检索2011年1月1日至2021年1月31日国内外循证数据库、指南及协会网站、相关原始文献数据库中有关ICU获得性衰弱成人早期活动的指南、最佳实践信息册、系统评价、证据总结、Meta分析、专家共识、高质量随机对照试验,由2名经过循证培训的研究者独立完成文献质量评价后,对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取及总结.结果 共纳入13篇文献,其中指南2篇、专家共识2篇、系统评价/Meta分析3篇、随机对照试验6篇.形成最佳证据26条,包括活动前评估、安全标准、活动时间、活动强度、活动阶段、活动内容和注意事项7个方面.结论 ICU获得性衰弱成人患者早期活动安全可行,建议医护人员可以根据ICU获得性衰弱的最佳证据制订个性化干预方案,促进早期活动循证实践,减少ICU获得性衰弱的不良预后.     

肝移植受者康复运动的最佳证据总结

目的检索汇总肝移植受者康复运动最佳证据,为肝移植受者康复运动提供参考。方法按"6S"模型系统检索国内外数据库关于肝移植受者康复运动的证据,包括临床决策、指南、证据总结、推荐实践、系统评价及专家共识。对文献质量进行评价,并对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。结果共纳入文献13篇,其中临床决策1篇,指南1篇,证据总结1篇,推荐实践2篇,系统评价5篇以及专家共识3篇。从运动时机、运动评估、运动方案、运动安全性、运动依从性、健康教育和随访7个方面共总结24条最佳证据。结论本研究总结的肝移植受者康复运动最佳证据,可用于肝移植受者康复运动过程中,应用时注意个体化调整与更新。     

住院患者ICU过渡期护理的最佳证据总结

目的 总结住院患者ICU过渡期护理的最佳证据,为护理实践提供指引。方法 依据“6S”模型检索相关文献,文献检索时限为建库至2021年9月31日。由4名研究者对各类研究进行质量评价和资料提取,对符合质量标准的文献进行证据提取。采用JBI的证据分级及推荐级别系统（2014版）对纳入的证据进行分级。结果 共纳入24篇文献,总结了7个类别（过渡期组织支持系统、团队沟通与协作、ICU转出评估与决策、转运与交接、随访与康复、护患沟通与教育信息支持、护理质控）34条最佳证据。结论 总结的最佳证据可为开展ICU过渡期护理实践提供依据,以提高干预措施的有效性与安全性。     

HBV血清标记阳性受者肾移植28例报告

ＨＢＶ血清标记阳性受者肾移植２８例报告许龙根林连观１９９０年４月至１９９６年５月为２８例ＨＢＶ血清标记阳性的慢性肾炎、尿毒症患者进行了尸体肾移植。报告如下。临床资料本组２８例均为第一次肾移植。男性２５例，女性３例；年龄２４～５８岁，平均３８．５岁。５...     

成人脑卒中患者吞咽障碍管理的证据总结

目的遴选成人脑卒中患者吞咽障碍管理的最佳证据,提高管理效果。方法计算机检索BMJ最佳临床实践、Up to Date、Cochrane图书馆、美国指南网、JBI证据总结数据库、加拿大安大略注册护士网、CINAHL数据库、PubMed、国际指南协作网、中国临床指南文库、中国知网和中国生物医学文献数据库有关成人脑卒中患者吞咽障碍管理证据。采用临床指南研究与评价系统、2014版JBI证据预分级及推荐级别系统分别对各类研究进行文献质量评价及证据级别评定。结果共纳入21篇文献,遴选出具备临床适用性证据15条,涉及吞咽困难的识别、筛查、治疗、给药、营养支持及口腔护理等方面。结论本研究遴选的最佳证据,可应用于成人脑卒中患者吞咽障碍管理实践中;应用前需评估证据的促进和阻碍因素、患者意愿及偏好等,以选择个体适用证据。     

老年人衰弱筛查和评估的证据总结

目的评价和总结老年人衰弱筛查和评估的最佳证据,为老年人衰弱筛查提供参考。方法计算机检索Cochrane Library、EBM reviews、PubMed、ClinicalKey、英国老年医学会、美国老年医学会、英国国家临床医学研究所指南网、万方数据库、中国知网及中国生物医学文献数据库有关老年人衰弱筛查和评估的指南、系统评价及实践报告,由2名经过循证培训的研究人员分别对文献质量进行评价和资料提取,对符合要求的文献进行证据提取。结果共纳入7篇文献,其中2篇指南、1篇专家共识、2篇系统评价和2篇诊断性研究。得到的最佳证据:1互动的临床情境下需对老年人进行衰弱评估(B级推荐);2识别出衰弱后,需由经过培训的专业人员对老年人进行全面评估(A级推荐);3躯体功能、步速和认知功能是最常用来识别衰弱的指标,其次是体质量下降、日常生活能力和营养状况(A级推荐);4步速、起立-行走试验和PRISMA适用于与老年人接触时的任何情境下的衰弱筛查(A级推荐);5Tilburg衰弱评估量表和格罗宁根衰弱指标具有较好的内部一致性,且两者的一致性较好,但他们是否适合用于筛查衰弱仍需进一步数据支持(B级推荐);6埃德蒙特衰弱量表简便易评,可供非老年专科医生使用,且在门诊和病房的应用效果都较为满意(B级推荐)。结论建议对接触的老年人进行衰弱筛查,但尚没有权威统一的工具,步速、起立-行走试验和PRISMA较为敏感,可用于筛查,对筛查结果为衰弱的老年人应进一步进行全面评估。     

Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and fluid intake in kidney transplant recipients

Gordon EJ, Prohaska TR, Gallant MP, Sehgal AR, Strogatz D, Conti D, Siminoff LA. Prevalence and determinants of physical activity and fluid intake in kidney transplant recipients.
Clin Transplant 2010: 24: E69–E81. © 2009 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Abstract: Background and significance: Self‐care for kidney transplantation is recommended to maintain kidney function. Little is known about levels of self‐care practices and demographic, psychosocial, and health‐related correlates. Aim: To investigate patients’ self‐reported exercise and fluid intake, demographic and psychosocial factors associated with these self‐care practices, and health‐related quality of life. Methods: Eighty‐eight of 158 kidney recipients from two academic medical centers completed a semi‐structured interview and surveys 2 months post‐transplant. Results: Most patients were sedentary (76%) with a quarter exercising either regularly (11%) or not at current recommendations (13%). One‐third (35%) reported drinking the recommended 3 L of fluid daily. Multivariate analyses indicated that private insurance, high self‐efficacy, and better physical functioning were significantly associated with engaging in physical activity (p < 0.05); while male gender, private insurance, high self‐efficacy, and not attributing oneself responsible for transplant success were significant predictors of adherence to fluid intake (p < 0.05). Despite the significance of these predictors, models for physical activity and fluid intake explained 10–15% of the overall variance in these behaviors. Multivariate analyses indicated that younger age, high value of exercise, and higher social functioning significantly (p < 0.05) predicted high self‐efficacy for physical activity, while being married significantly (p < 0.05) predicted high self‐efficacy for fluid intake. Conclusion: Identifying patients at risk of inadequate self‐care practice is essential for educating patients about the importance of self‐care.     

Hypertension in kidney transplant recipients

Arterial hypertension is frequently observed in renal transplant recipients. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial in most cases. Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can increase peripheral vascular resistance by inducing arteriolar vasoconstriction and can cause extracellular fluid expansion by reducing the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), activating the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), and by inactivating the atrial natriuretic peptide. Glucocorticoids can impair urinary water and salt excretion. Poor graft function can lead to increased extracellular volume and inappropriate production of renin. Native kidneys, older age of the donor and transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) may also contribute to the development of hypertension. Arterial hypertension not only can increases the risk for cardiovascular events but can also deteriorate renal allograft function. A number of studies have shown that the higher the levels of blood pressure are, the higher is the risk of graft failure. On the other hand, a good control of blood pressure may prevent many cardiovascular and renal complications. Appropriate lifestyle modification is the first step for treating hypertension. Calcium channel blockers (CCB) and renin–angiotensin system (RAS) inhibitors are the most frequently used antihypertensive agents, but in many cases, a combination of these and other drugs is required to obtain good control of hypertension.     

Pregnancy in kidney transplant recipients

PURPOSE: Our aim was to investigate kidney allograft, obstetric, and maternal outcomes in pregnant women undergoing kidney transplantation in our center. METHODS: Retrospective data on 74 pregnancies in 60 patients were reviewed and completed through phone interviews were compared with information on a control group of female kidney recipients. RESULTS: Mean age of patients at transplantation was 26.55 +/- 4.72 years and the median interval between transplantation and pregnancy was 27.5 months. Gestational period was 8 months. Live birth was the outcome in 43.2% of pregnancies; 9.5% led to still birth, 24.3% were aborted, and obstetrical data of the remaining were unavailable. Among the 11 patients who became pregnant within 12 months after transplantation, we observed seven live births and four abortions. None of pregnancies that were accompanied by acute rejection episodes (ARE) were successful. Twenty-six patients experienced at least one ARE versus 23 patients of the control group (P = NS). However, the first ARE occurred later in the pregnant group (P = .028). Chronic rejection and graft loss were seen in 24 and 18 study group cases and 17 and 17 control cases, respectively (P = NS). One-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year graft survivals were 100%, 96.5%, 94.5%, and 77.1% in the pregnant group versus 93.2%, 85.7%, 81%, and 64.7% in the control group, respectively (P = .07). CONCLUSION: Pregnancy in kidney recipients seems to be safe for kidney allograft recipients even within the first year posttransplant. Nonetheless, the outcomes of pregnancy in this group of patients is not always favorable, especially when rejection occurs simultaneously.     

Fatigue in kidney transplant recipients

Fatigue is still present in approximately 40%‐50% of kidney transplant recipients (KTR), rates comparable to that of the hemodialysis population. Correlates of fatigue include inflammation, symptoms of depression, sleep disorders, and obesity. Fatigue in KTR determines a significant severe functional impairment, either when globally considered or when analyzed at the level of the single domains such as sleep and rest, homemaking, mobility, social interaction, ambulation, leisure activities, alertness behavior, and work limitations. In addition, fatigue in KTR is significantly associated with a severe deterioration of quality of life. Fatigue is very common among KTR poorly adherent to immunosuppressive therapy. Unfortunately, there is no evidence of studies about the treatments of this symptom in KTR. Efforts to detect and treat fatigue should be a priority in order to improve quality of life of KTR.     

Cryoglobulinemia in kidney transplant recipients

The aim of this study was to assess the presence of cryoglobulins, the constitution of the cryoprecipitate, as well as the possible etiology and clinical features in kidney transplant recipients. We excluded patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of autoimmune, liver or neoplasm disease, infections, blood transfusions or immunizations in the previous 3 months. Detection of cryoglobulins was obtained from the peripheral venous blood. In cases of cryoprecipitate formation it was analyzed using anti-IgG, anti-IgM, anti-IgA, anti-C3, and anti-C4 antibodies. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) was detected by the polymerase chain reaction. Thirty-nine patients were selected, of whom 23 were men and the overall mean age was 40.6 +/- 12.7 years. Cryoprecipitate was detected in 74.4% (29/39) patients. Among patients with or without cryoprecipitate formation, the serum creatinine values, the percentage of patients with proteinuria, and the posttransplantation times were similar. In patients with cryoglobulins, 37.9% (11/29) were HCV positive. The etiology was not determined for the other patients. The IgG, IgM, and IgA immunoglobulins and the complement fractions C3 and C4 were found in the cryoprecipitate. Their compositions were similar among patients with or without HCV. Few clinical features were associated with the presence of cryoglobulins, including deep venous thrombosis, cutaneous purpura and peripheral neuropathy. In conclusion, cryoglobulinemia was prevalent in kidney transplant recipients, but appeared to not affect graft function. HCV infection was the most frequently associated etiology and clinical features were infrequent.     

Longitudinal analysis of physical activity, fluid intake, and graft function among kidney transplant recipients

Self-care is recommended to kidney transplant recipients as a vital component to maintain long-term graft function. However, little is known about the effects of physical activity, fluid intake, and smoking history on graft function. This longitudinal study examined the relationship between self-care practices on graft function among 88 new kidney transplant recipients in Chicago, IL and Albany, NY between 2005 and 2008. Participants were interviewed, completed surveys, and medical charts were abstracted. Physical activity, fluid intake, and smoking history at baseline were compared with changes in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (every 6 months up to 1 year) using bivariate and multivariate regression analysis, while controlling for sociodemographic and clinical transplant variables. Multivariate analyses revealed that greater physical activity was significantly ( P  < 0.05) associated with improvement in GFR at 6 months; while greater physical activity, absence of smoking history, and nonwhite ethnicity were significant ( P  < 0.05) predictors of improvement in GFR at 12 months. These results suggest that increasing physical activity levels in kidney recipients may be an effective behavioral measure to help ensure graft functioning. Our findings suggest the need for a randomized controlled trial of exercise, fluid intake, and smoking history on GFR beyond 12 months.